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Leone L, Sgueglia G, La Gatta S, Chino M, Nastri F, Lombardi A. Enzymatic and Bioinspired Systems for Hydrogen Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108605. [PMID: 37239950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel has sparked the interest of the scientific community to find environmentally friendly methods for its production. Biological catalysts are the most attractive solution, as they usually operate under mild conditions and do not produce carbon-containing byproducts. Hydrogenases promote reversible proton reduction to hydrogen in a variety of anoxic bacteria and algae, displaying unparallel catalytic performances. Attempts to use these sophisticated enzymes in scalable hydrogen production have been hampered by limitations associated with their production and stability. Inspired by nature, significant efforts have been made in the development of artificial systems able to promote the hydrogen evolution reaction, via either electrochemical or light-driven catalysis. Starting from small-molecule coordination compounds, peptide- and protein-based architectures have been constructed around the catalytic center with the aim of reproducing hydrogenase function into robust, efficient, and cost-effective catalysts. In this review, we first provide an overview of the structural and functional properties of hydrogenases, along with their integration in devices for hydrogen and energy production. Then, we describe the most recent advances in the development of homogeneous hydrogen evolution catalysts envisioned to mimic hydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmattia Sgueglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Gatta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Kryjewski M, Goslinski T, Mielcarek J. Functionality stored in the structures of cyclodextrin–porphyrinoid systems. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen X, Cai Y, Zhao Y, Ma H, Wu D, Du B, Wei Q. Quenching and binding mechanism of the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin by 5-phenyl-10,15,20-tri-(4-pyridyl)-porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The binding interaction mechanism between 5-phenyl-10,15,20-tri-(4-pyridyl)-porphyrin (TriPyP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by the fluorescence method and presented in this paper. Based on the mechanism of fluorescence quenching of BSA caused by TriPyP, the binding constants between TriPyP and BSA were measured at different temperatures by fluorescence spectroscopy at pH 7.40. As the binding constants decreased with increasing temperature, the type of quenching between TriPyP and BSA was determined as static quenching. Based on the Förster theory of non-radiation energy transfer, the binding distance and energy transfer efficiency at 25 °C between TriPyP (acceptor of energy) and BSA (donor of energy) were obtained. The results confirmed that the interaction was similar to non-radiation energy transfer. According to the thermodynamic parameters, the main type of binding force between TriPyP and BSA could be deduced as electrostatic force. Using synchronous fluorescence spectra, the effect of TriPyP on conformation of BSA was studied, and the hydrophobicity in microenvironment was developed by TriPyP. All these experimental results and theoretical data clarified that TriPyP could bind to BSA and be effectively transported in the human body, which could be a useful guideline for further drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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Tsuchiya Y, Shiraki T, Matsumoto T, Sugikawa K, Sada K, Yamano A, Shinkai S. Supramolecular Dye Inclusion Single Crystals Created from 2,3,6-Trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin and Porphyrins. Chemistry 2011; 18:456-65. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsuchiya Y, Yamano A, Shiraki T, Sada K, Shinkai S. Single-crystal Structure of Porphyrin Bicapped with Trimethyl-β-cyclodextrins: A Novel Dye-oriented Material. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Götz DCG, Bruhn T, Senge MO, Bringmann G. Synthesis and stereochemistry of highly unsymmetric beta,meso-linked porphyrin arrays. J Org Chem 2010; 74:8005-20. [PMID: 19705809 DOI: 10.1021/jo901483q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin arrays with tailor-made photophysical properties and well-defined three-dimensional geometries constitute attractive synthetic targets in porphyrin chemistry. The paper describes a variable, straightforward synthetic procedure for the construction of beta,meso-linked porphyrin multichromophores in good to excellent yields. In a Suzuki-type coupling reaction beta-borylated 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins (TAPs) served as versatile building blocks for the preparation of a plethora of directly linked, unsymmetrically substituted di- and triporphyrins. Besides their interesting photophysical properties, especially the trimeric porphyrin arrays show exciting stereochemical features. The established protocols thus open a convenient entry into the synthesis of achiral and chiral, unsymmetrically substituted beta,meso-linked oligoporphyrins, e.g., for applications in biomedicine or nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C G Götz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Rontgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Elemans JAAW, Bijsterveld EJA, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Manganese Porphyrin Hosts as Epoxidation Catalysts – Activity and Stability Control by Axial Ligand Effects. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kano K, Kitagishi H, Sone Y, Nakazawa N, Kodera M. Redox Behavior of a Manganese Porphyrin Complexed with Per-O-methylated β-Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Adachi K, Watarai H. Site-Selective Formation of Optically Active Inclusion Complexes of Alkoxo-Subphthalocyanines with β-Cyclodextrin at the Toluene/Water Interface. Chemistry 2006; 12:4249-60. [PMID: 16575930 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several subphthalocyanine derivatives that contain an alkoxo substituent as an axial ligand (RO-Subpc, R = 9-anthracenemethyl, benzyl, phenyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-methylbenzyl, and 4-methylphenyl) were synthesized. The formation of inclusion complexes of RO-Subpc with beta-CD in DMSO and at the toluene/water interface was investigated by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, induced circular dichroism (ICD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Interfacial tension measurements suggested that beta-CD adsorbed as a monolayer at the toluene/water interface and probably orientated towards the toluene phase with its primary face. The 1:1 composition of beta-CD.RO-Subpc inclusion complexes was confirmed in DMSO and at the toluene/water interface for BzO-Subpc, PhO-Subpc, MeBzO-Subpc, and MePhO-Subpc. A 2:1 inclusion complex of AnO-Subpc formed in DMSO. The observed ICD spectra of beta-CDRO-Subpc inclusion complexes are discussed with respect to molecular modeling and the simulation based on Tinoco-Kirkwood theory. Interestingly, the ICD spectra of beta-CD.BzO-Subpc and beta-CD.MeBzO-Subpc inclusion complexes exhibited a negative sign in DMSO and a positive sign at the toluene/water interface. This reversal of the ICD sign strongly suggests a difference in the structure of the inclusion complexes: beta-CD at the interface formed the inclusion complex with its primary face, whereas the secondary face of beta-CD bound favorably to RO-Subpc in DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Adachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Mazzaglia A, Angelini N, Lombardo D, Micali N, Patané S, Villari V, Scolaro LM. Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin Carriers Embedding Porphyrins: Charge and Size Modulation of Colloidal Stability in Heterotopic Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:7258-65. [PMID: 16851830 DOI: 10.1021/jp0501998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (TPPS) and cationic vesicles formed by heptakis(2-omega-amino-O-oligo(ethylene oxide)-6-hexylthio)-beta-cyclodextrin (SC6CDNH2) has been investigated in detail through a combination of elastic light scattering (ELS), quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), zeta potential measurements, and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. ELS experiments provided the first structural characterization of these cationic vesicles both in the absence and in the presence of TPPS porphyrin, modeling the system as a spherical particle described by a single thin shell form factor. The structure of mixed hetero-aggregates is modulated by charge and size of the two components as function of different porphyrin/cyclodextrin (CD) molar ratios. At the limiting molar ratio studied, the absolute value of zeta potential (/zeta/ = 12.5 mV) seems to be a reference value for the formation of stable colloidal CD vesicular aggregates at thermodynamic equilibrium. New insights on the structure of these heterotopic colloids have been obtained by analysis of rotational correlation times at different molar ratios exploiting time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy experiments. At high porphyrin loads, the anisotropy decays behave as monoexponentials and the rotational correlation times (1-2 ns) together with the r(0) values close to zero suggest the presence of small amounts of TPPS embedded in a hydrophobic environment either in monomeric or in aggregated form. At the lower porphyrin/CD molar ratios, the anisotropy decays exhibit a double-exponential behavior showing a predominant component with a slow rotational correlation time (20-25 ns) and limiting anisotropy values of approximately 0.15. This component has been assigned to molecules that are more stabilized onto the CD vesicles, that is, porphyrins embedded into the oligo-ethylene "wall" of the CD vesicles. Scanning near-field optical microscopy of the samples evaporated on glass surfaces gave further insights on the morphology and optical properties of these systems, confirming the embedding of TPPS on the vesicles and evidencing the role of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Mazzaglia
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, ISMN-CNR, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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