Recent Advances of Organic Near-Infrared II Fluorophores in Optical Properties and Imaging Functions

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging (FI) has become a research hotspot because of its distinctive imaging properties: high temporal resolution and sensitivity. Especially in recent years, with the research focus of NIR FI shifting to the NIR-II region, which has better imaging performance, it is expected that NIR FI will find significant applications in the field of in vivo imaging. One of the most crucial directions for research into NIR-II FI is the promotion of novel NIR-II fluorophores with superior imaging properties. The remarkable advantages of organic NIR-II fluorophores in biosafety make them more promising than other fluorescent materials in certain applications. But serious defects in their fluorescence performance preclude particular imaging effects and limit imaging functions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent leading literature on overcoming the defects of organic NIR-II fluorophores, demonstrating the potential for further improving their imaging properties. In addition, we cover the functions of NIR-II FI that are promoted by the development of fluorophores, notably including its outlook on molecular imaging in vivo.

Synthesis and characterization of highly soluble hexadecachloro- and hexadecafluorophthalocyanine ruthenium(II) complexes

A new synthesis is reported for hexadecafluorophthalocyanineruthenium(II), F16Pc (2-) RuIIand hexadecachlorophthalocyanineruthenium(II), Cl16Pc (2-) RuII, is reported for the first time. These paramagnetic species, which contain no axial ligand, are quite reasonably soluble in a range of common organic solvents. We report and discuss electronic and vibrational (infrared and resonance Raman) spectroscopic, MALDI-TOF and magnetic data. In addition we report electrochemical data and use spectroelectrochemical methods to obtain the electronic spectra of these species in the phthalocyanine(1-), (3-) and (4-) oxidation states.