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Schrage BR, Zhou W, Harrison LA, Nevonen DE, Thompson JR, Prosser KE, Walsby CJ, Ziegler CJ, Leznoff DB, Nemykin VN. Resolving a Half-Century-Long Controversy between (Magneto)optical and EPR Spectra of Single-Electron-Reduced [PcFe] −, [PcFeL] −, and [PcFeX] 2– Complexes: Story of a Double Flip. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20177-20199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Briana R. Schrage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Laurel A. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Dustin E. Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - John R. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kathleen E. Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Charles J. Walsby
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Daniel B. Leznoff
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
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Nevonen DE, Ferch LS, Schrage BR, Nemykin VN. Charge-Transfer Spectroscopy of Bisaxially Coordinated Iron(II) Phthalocyanines through the Prism of the Lever's EL Parameters Scale, MCD Spectroscopy, and TDDFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8250-8266. [PMID: 35549169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The position of the experimentally observed (in the UV-vis and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra) low-energy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) band in low-spin iron(II) phthalocyanine complexes of general formula PcFeL2, PcFeL'L″, and [PcFeX2]2- (L, L', or L″ are neutral and X- is an anionic axial ligand) was correlated with the Lever's electrochemical EL scale values for the axial ligands. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)-predicted UV-vis spectra are in very good agreement with the experimental data for all complexes. In the majority of compounds, TDDFT predicts that the first degenerate MLCT band that correlates with the MCD A-term observed between 360 and 480 nm is dominated by an eg (Fe, dπ) → b1u (Pc, π*) single-electron excitation (in traditional D4h point group notation) and agrees well with the previous assignment discussed by Stillman and co-workers[ Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 573-583]. The TDDFT calculations also suggest a small energy gap for b1u/b2u (Pc, π*) orbital splitting and closeness of the MLCT1 eg (Fe, dπ) → b1u (Pc, π*) and MLCT2 eg (Fe, dπ) → b2u (Pc, π*) transitions. In the case of the PcFeL2 complexes with phosphines as the axial ligands, additional degenerate charge-transfer transitions were observed between 450 and 500 nm. These transitions are dominated by a2u (Pc + L, π) → eg (Pc, π*) single-electron excitations and are unique for the PcFe(PR3)2 complexes. The energy of the phthalocyanine-based a2u orbital has large axial ligand dependency and is the reason for a large energy deviation for B1 a2u (Pc + L, π) → eg (Pc, π*) transition. The energies of the axial ligand-to-iron, axial ligand-to-phthalocyanine, iron-to-axial ligand, and phthalocyanine-to-axial ligand charge-transfer transitions were discussed on the basis of TDDFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Laura S Ferch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Briana R Schrage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Nemykin VN, Nevonen DE, Osterloh WR, Ferch LS, Harrison LA, Marx BS, Kadish KM. Application of Lever's EL Parameter Scale toward Fe(II)/Fe(III) versus Pc(2-)/Pc(1-) Oxidation Process Crossover Point in Axially Coordinated Iron(II) Phthalocyanine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16626-16644. [PMID: 34644056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures and, particularly, the nature of the HOMO in a series of PcFeL2, PcFeL'L″, and [PcFeX2]2- complexes (Pc = phthalocyaninato(2-) ligand; L = NH3, n-BuNH2, imidazole (Im), pyridine (Py), PMe3, PBu3, t-BuNC, P(OBu)3, and DMSO; L' = CO; L″ = NH3 or n-BuNH2; X = NCO-, NCS-, CN-, imidazolate (Im-), or 1,2,4-triazolate(Tz-)) were probed by electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and chemical oxidation as well as theoretical (density functional theory, DFT) studies. In general, energies of the metal-centered occupied orbitals in various six-coordinate iron phthalocyanine complexes correlate well with Lever Electrochemical Parameter EL and intercross the phthalocyanine-centered a1u orbital in several compounds with moderate-to-strong π-accepting axial ligands. In these cases, an oxidation of the phthalocyanine macrocycle (Pc(2-)/Pc(1-)) rather than the central metal ion (Fe(II)/Fe(III)) was theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Laura S Ferch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Laurel A Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Benjamin S Marx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Nemykin VN, Nevonen DE, Ferch LS, Shepit M, Herbert DE, van Lierop J. Accurate Prediction of Mössbauer Hyperfine Parameters in Bis-Axially Coordinated Iron(II) Phthalocyanines Using Density Functional Theory Calculations: A Story of a Single Orbital Revealed by Natural Bond Orbital Analysis. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3690-3706. [PMID: 33651595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations coupled with several exchange-correlation functionals were used for the prediction of Mössbauer hyperfine parameters of 36 bis-axially coordinated iron(II) phthalocyanine complexes with the general formulas PcFeL2, PcFeL'L″, and [PcFeX2]2-, including four new compounds. Both gas-phase and PCM calculations using BPW91 and MN12L exchange-correlation functionals were found to accurately predict both Mössbauer quadrupole splittings and the correct trends in experimentally observed isomer shifts. In comparison, hybrid exchange-correlation functionals underestimated quadrupole splittings, while still accurately predicted isomer shifts. Out of ∼40 exchange-correlation functionals tested, only MN12L was found to correctly reproduce quadrupole splitting trends in the PcFeL2 complexes coordinated with phosphorus-donor axial ligands (i.e., P(OnBu)3 ≈ P(OEt)3 < PMe3 < P[(CH2O)2CH2]-p-C6H4NO2 < PEt3 ≈ PnBu3). Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis was successfully used to explain the general trends in the observed quadrupole splitting for all compounds of interest. In particular, the general trends in the quadrupole splitting correlate well with the axial ligand dependent, NBO-predicted population of the 3dz2 orbital of the Fe ion and are reflective of the hypothesis proposed by Ohya and co-workers ( Inorg. Chem., 1984, 23, 1303) on the adaptability of the phthalocyanine's π-system toward Fe-Lax interactions. The first X-ray crystal structure of a PcFeL2 complex with axial phosphine ligands is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Laura S Ferch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael Shepit
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - David E Herbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Johan van Lierop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Huang Z, Yao Y, Lu J, Chen C, Lu W, Huang S, Chen W. The consortium of heterogeneous cobalt phthalocyanine catalyst and bicarbonate ion as a novel platform for contaminants elimination based on peroxymonosulfate activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 301:214-221. [PMID: 26364270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The design of catalytic oxidation processes with high efficiency has attracted considerable attention for a long while in environmental catalysis. In this work, a novel oxidation system, CFs-CoPc/PMS, was developed by coupling cellulosic fibers-bonded cobalt phthalocyanine (CFs-CoPc) with peroxymonosulfate (PMS). CFs-CoPc/PMS system could effectively decolorize azo dyes such as Acid Red 1 (AR1) with almost 100% decolorization efficiency in 35 min, suggesting that the CFs-CoPc/PMS system was a highly efficient oxidation process. In addition, bicarbonate ion (HCO3(-)) was further introduced to CFs-CoPc/PMS to construct a combined system, CFs-CoPc/PMS/HCO3(-). Remarkably, this system turned the negative effect of HCO3(-) observed in most reported Co/PMS systems into a positive one, which enhanced the AR1 decolorization with over 2-fold increase of the rate constant. The main factor responsible for the enhancement was high-valent cobalt-oxo intermediates (PcCo(IV)=O), which was presumably generated via the heterolytic cleavage of the PMS OO bond by CoPc-HCO3(-) complex. It is noteworthy that high-valent cobalt-oxo intermediates as the major active species is different from most reported mechanisms in Co/PMS systems, in which hydroxyl and sulfate radicals are recognized as the dominant active species. This study paves an avenue for developing highly efficient catalytic oxidation technology for wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Jiateng Lu
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Chenhui Chen
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Wangyang Lu
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Sanqing Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- National Engineering Lab of Textile Fiber Materials & Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
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Lacombe S, Pigot T. Materials for selective photo-oxygenation vs. photocatalysis: preparation, properties and applications in environmental and health fields. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizing materials made of organic dyes embedded in various supports are compared to usual supported TiO2-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lacombe
- IPREM UMR CNRS 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
- 64053 Pau Cedex
- France
| | - T. Pigot
- IPREM UMR CNRS 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
- 64053 Pau Cedex
- France
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Sorokin A, Kudrik E. Phthalocyanine metal complexes: Versatile catalysts for selective oxidation and bleaching. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lu W, Zhao B, Li N, Yao Y, Chen W. Thermosensitive copolymer with cobalt phthalocyanine and catalytic behavior based on adjustable LCST. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cantau C, Pigot T, Manoj N, Oliveros E, Lacombe S. Singlet Oxygen in Microporous Silica Xerogel: Quantum Yield and Oxidation at the Gas–Solid Interface. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:2344-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cantau C, Larribau S, Pigot T, Simon M, Maurette M, Lacombe S. Oxidation of nauseous sulfur compounds by photocatalysis or photosensitization. Catal Today 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shinohara H, Tsaryova O, Schnurpfeil G, Wöhrle D. Differently substituted phthalocyanines: Comparison of calculated energy levels, singlet oxygen quantum yields, photo-oxidative stabilities, photocatalytic and catalytic activities. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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