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Janas K, Boniewska-Bernacka E, Dyrda G, Słota R. Porphyrin and phthalocyanine photosensitizers designed for targeted photodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 30:115926. [PMID: 33341498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is of particular concern due to its high mortality rate count. Recent investigations on targeted phototherapy involving novel photosensitizers and drug-delivery systems have provided promising results and realistic prospects for a successful medical treatment. New research trends have been focused particularly on development of advanced molecular systems offering effective photoactive species which could be selectively delivered directly into the affected cells. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines have been considered extremely attractive for this purpose due to their molecular versatility, excellent photochemical properties and multifunctional nature. In this review it has been demonstrated that such macrocyclic compounds may effectively contribute to the inhibition of the growth of colon cancer cells and eventually to their photonecrosis. Purposely designed and tailored porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives in combination with smart drug-carriers have proved suitable for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and related antitumor treatments. This survey comprises a choice of potentially applicable ideas developed since 2010 involving 9 different tumor cell lines and featuring 32 photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Janas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Ewa Boniewska-Bernacka
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Dyrda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Rudolf Słota
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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Tomecek D, Hruska M, Fitl P, Vlcek J, Maresova E, Havlova S, Patrone L, Vrnata M. Phthalocyanine Photoregeneration for Low Power Consumption Chemiresistors. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2558-2565. [PMID: 30431256 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that the applicability of phthalocyanine chemiresistors suffers from long recovery time after NO2 exposure. This circumstance enforces the necessity to operate the sensors at elevated temperatures (150-200 °C), which shortens the sensor lifetime and increases its power consumption (regardless, a typical measurement period is longer than 15 min). In this paper, we propose a new method for fast and effective recovery by UV-vis illumination at a low temperature (55 °C). The method is based on short illumination following short NO2 exposure. To support and optimize the method, we investigated the effects of light in the wavelength and intensity ranges of 375-850 nm and 0.2-0.8 mW/mm2, respectively, on the rate of NO2 desorption from the phthalocyanine sensitive layer during the recovery period. This investigation was carried out for a set of phthalocyanine materials (ZnPc, CuPc, H2Pc, PbPc, and FePc) operating at slightly elevated temperatures (55-100 °C) and was further supported by the analysis of UV-vis and FTIR spectral changes. We found out that the light with the wavelength shorter than 550 nm significantly accelerates the NO2 desorption from ZnPc, CuPc, and FePc, and allows bringing the measurement period under 2 min and decreasing the sensor power consumption by 75%. Possible mechanisms of the light-stimulated desorption are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tomecek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague;
Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 − Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruska
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague;
Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 − Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Fitl
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague;
Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 − Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vlcek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague;
Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 − Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Maresova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague;
Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 − Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Havlova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague;
Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 − Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Lionel Patrone
- Aix Marseille
Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Yncréa
Méditerranée, ISEN Toulon, Maison du Numérique
et de l’Innovation, Place G. Pompidou, 83000 Toulon, France
| | - Martin Vrnata
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague;
Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 − Dejvice, Czech Republic
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Novel lipophilic lanthanide bis-phthalocyanines functionalized by pentadecylphenoxy groups: synthesis, characterization and UV-photostability. Molecules 2012; 17:10738-53. [PMID: 22960868 PMCID: PMC6268473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel sandwich-type phthalocyanines containing a rare earth metal core (Pr, Nd, Eu–Lu) and macrocycles peripherally substituted by pentadecylphenoxy groups were synthesized using a cardanol-based phthalonitrile precursor and the respective lanthanide acetate. Additionally, the metal free-base analog compound was studied for comparison. The purified reaction products were all found to be thick and viscous substances at room temperature, showing liquid crystalline behavior with a distinct increase in fluidity at ca. 40 °C. The complexes are readily soluble in chloroalkyl solvents and dissolve fairly well in DMF with some tendency to form aggregates. Besides they are strongly hydrophobic and reveal a peculiar affinity for lipophilic media. The compounds have been characterized by UV-Vis (absorption and emission), FTIR, MS and DSC methods. Photochemical activity in the liquid phase (dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, mineral oil) and the degree of photodegradation demonstrated under constant UV-irradiation (λ = 352 nm) have been analyzed and discussed in terms of photostability.
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Słota R, Broda MA, Dyrda G, Ejsmont K, Mele G. Structural and molecular characterization of meso-substituted zinc porphyrins: a DFT supported study. Molecules 2011; 16:9957-71. [PMID: 22134401 PMCID: PMC6264692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16129957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural parameters of a range of over 100 meso-substituted zinc porphyrins were reviewed and compared to show how far the nature of the functional group may affect the interatomic distances and bond angles within the porphyrin core. It was proved that even despite evident deformations of the molecular structure, involving twisting of the porphyrin's central plane, the coupled π-bonding system remains flexible and stable. DFT calculations were applied to a number of selected porphyrins representative for the reviewed compounds to emphasize the relevance of theoretical methods in structural investigations of complex macrocyclic molecular systems. Experimental and DFT-simulated IR spectral data were reported and analyzed in context of the individual molecular features introduced by the meso substituents into the porphyrin moiety base. Raw experimental spectral data, including 1H- and 13C-NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and other relevant physicochemical details have been provided for a specially chosen reference zinc porphyrin functionalized by tert-butylphenyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Słota
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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Man D, Słota R, Broda MA, Mele G, Li J. Metalloporphyrin intercalation in liposome membranes: ESR study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:173-81. [PMID: 20963616 PMCID: PMC3019354 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes characterized by membranes featuring diverse fluidity (liquid-crystalline and/or gel phase), prepared from egg yolk lecithin (EYL) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), were doped with selected metalloporphyrins and the time-related structural and dynamic changes within the lipid double layer were investigated. Porphyrin complexes of Mg(II), Mn(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and the metal-free base were embedded into the particular liposome systems and tested for 350 h at 24°C using the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin probe technique. 5-DOXYL, 12-DOXYL, and 16-DOXYL stearic acid methyl ester spin labels were applied to explore the interior of the lipid bilayer. Only the 16-DOXYL spin probe detected evident structural changes inside the lipid system due to porphyrin intercalation. Fluidity of the lipid system and the type of the porphyrin complex introduced significantly affected the intermolecular interactions, which in certain cases may result in self-assembly of metalloporphyrin molecules within the liposome membrane, reflected in the presence of new lines in the relevant ESR spectra. The most pronounced time-related effects were demonstrated by the EYL liposomes (liquid-crystalline phase) when doped with Mg and Co porphyrins, whereas practically no spectral changes were revealed for the metal-free base and both the Ni and Zn dopants. ESR spectra of the porphyrin-doped gel phase of DPPC liposomes did not show any extra lines; however, they indicated the formation of a more rigid lipid medium. Electronic configuration of the porphyrin's metal center appeared crucial to the degree of molecular reorganization within the phospholipid bilayer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Man
- Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Rudolf Słota
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Mele
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
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Słota R, Dyrda G, Szczegot K, Mele G, Pio I. Photocatalytic activity of nano and microcrystalline TiO(2) hybrid systems involving phthalocyanine or porphyrin sensitizers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 10:361-6. [PMID: 20820675 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid photocatalysts based on TiO(2)-anatase matrix, representing the both micro- and nano-structures, impregnated with selected lanthanide diphthalocyanine and metalloporphyrin sensitizers, were compared to evaluate their activity and effectiveness in a water suspension catalytic system designed to degrade 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in a UV-stimulated reaction. Either type of the anatase catalyst was proved to be effective in mineralizing of 4-NP. However, kinetic studies confirmed that the composite's efficiency basically depends on the nature of the macromolecular sensitizer and to a minor extent on the dimensions (micro/nano) of the TiO(2) particles. The apparent higher activity observed for the micro-TiO(2) catalysts indicates improvement of the electron transfer between the sensitizer and the micro-crystalline structure of TiO(2)-anatase in contrast to the nano-crystalline matrix. The mechanistic aspects of the observed catalytic performances have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Słota
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, ul. Oleska 48, 45-095, Opole, Poland.
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Słota R, Dyrda G, Szczegot K. Sulfur Dioxide Oxidation Catalyzed by Photosensitized Ytterbium Diphthalocyanine. Catal Letters 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-008-9609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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