Application of Lever's EL Parameter Scale toward Fe(II)/Fe(III) versus Pc(2-)/Pc(1-) Oxidation Process Crossover Point in Axially Coordinated Iron(II) Phthalocyanine Complexes

The electronic structures and, particularly, the nature of the HOMO in a series of PcFeL₂, PcFeL'L″, and [PcFeX₂]^2- complexes (Pc = phthalocyaninato(2-) ligand; L = NH₃, n-BuNH₂, imidazole (Im), pyridine (Py), PMe₃, PBu₃, t-BuNC, P(OBu)₃, and DMSO; L' = CO; L″ = NH₃ or n-BuNH₂; X = NCO^-, NCS^-, CN^-, imidazolate (Im^-), or 1,2,4-triazolate(Tz^-)) were probed by electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and chemical oxidation as well as theoretical (density functional theory, DFT) studies. In general, energies of the metal-centered occupied orbitals in various six-coordinate iron phthalocyanine complexes correlate well with Lever Electrochemical Parameter E_L and intercross the phthalocyanine-centered a_1u orbital in several compounds with moderate-to-strong π-accepting axial ligands. In these cases, an oxidation of the phthalocyanine macrocycle (Pc(2-)/Pc(1-)) rather than the central metal ion (Fe(II)/Fe(III)) was theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed.

Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of a first-row metal phthalocyanine series

A first-row metal phthalocyanine series is synthesized and the effects of axial metal-ligand substitution is investigated electrochemically and in the context of charge carriers for redox-flow batteries.

Coordination-induced metal-to-macrocycle charge transfer and effect of cations on reorientation of the CN ligand in the {SnL2Mac}2− dianions (L = CN−, OCN−, Im−; Mac = phthalo- or naphthalocyanine)

Anionic coordination {crypt(M⁺)}₂{SnL₂Mac}²⁻ complexes of tin(ii) phthalo- (Pc) and naphthalocyanines (Nc) were obtained and discussed.

Coordination Complexes of Titanium(IV) and Indium(III) Phthalocyanines with Carbonyl-Containing Dyes: The Formation of Singly Bonded Anionic Squarylium Dimers

Reduction methods for the preparation of coordination complexes of titanium(IV) and indium(III) phthalocyanines (Pc) with organic dyes such as indigo, thioindigo, and squarylium dye III (SQ) have been developed, which allow one to obtain crystalline {cryptand(K⁺ )}{(cis-indigo-O,O)^2- Ti^IV (Pc^2- )}(Cl^- )⋅C₆ H₄ Cl₂ (1), {cryptand(K⁺ )}{(cis-thioindigo-O,O)^2- In^III (Pc^2- )}^- ⋅C₆ H₄ Cl₂ (2), and {cryptand(K⁺ )}{[(SQ)₂ -O,O]^2- In^III (Pc^2- )}^- ⋅3.5 C₆ H₄ Cl₂ (3) complexes. The formation of these complexes is accompanied by the reduction of the starting dyes to the anionic state. Transition of trans-indigo or trans-thioindigo to the cis conformation in 1 and 2 provides coordination of both carbonyl oxygen atoms of the dye to Ti^IV Pc or In^III Pc. SQ is reduced to the radical anion state and forms unusual diamagnetic singly bonded (SQ^- )₂ dimers in 3. These dimers have two closely positioned carbonyl oxygen atoms coordinated to In^III Pc. Dianionic Pc^2- macrocycles have been found in 1-3. The complexes contain two chromophore molecules at one metal center. However, their optical spectra are defined mainly by absorption bands of the metal phthalocyanines.

Synthesis and properties of N-methylimidazole solvates of vanadium(ii), chromium(ii) and iron(ii) phthalocyanines. Strong NIR absorption in VII(MeIm)2(Pc2−)

Crystal structures and optical and magnetic properties of N-methylimidazole (MeIm) solvates of vanadium(ii), chromium(ii) and iron(ii) phthalocyanines have been studied.

A hindered subphthalocyanine that forms crystals with included aromatic solvent but will not play ball with C60

A novel subphthalocyanine containing bulky substituents placed at its peripheral sites (i.e. 2,3,9,10,16,17-hexa(2′,6′-di-iso-propylphenoxy)boron subphthalocyanine) was prepared and assessed for supramolecular binding with C[Formula: see text], through crystallisation and fluorescence studies. Three different crystal polymorphs of the subphthalocyanine were obtained that showed inclusion of a single aromatic solvent molecule within the well-defined cavity of the molecule but complete exclusion of C[Formula: see text]. Analysis of the crystal structures indicated that the bowl-shaped cavity of the subphthalocyanine molecule was only accessible to small molecules due to the steric congestion surrounding the macrocycle, which results in hindered rotation of the substituents on the NMR timescale. Enhanced solubility, up to 42.0 g/L in common organic solvents, was demonstrated consistent with the crystal structures which are dominated by relatively weak intermolecular interactions, which allow solvent molecules to play a role in crystallisation.

Coordination complex of boron subphthalocyanine (BSubPc) with fluorenone pinacolate: effective π–π interaction of concave BSubPc macrocycle with fullerene C60

Dimeric coordination assembly of fluorenone pinacolate (C₂₆H₁₆O₂²⁻) with boron subphthalocyanine (BSubPc) was obtained and studied in the complex with fullerene {(BSubPc)₂(C₂₆H₁₆O₂)}·C₆₀.

Design, crystal structures and magnetic properties of anionic salts containing fullerene C60 and indium(iii) bromide phthalocyanine radical anions

Salts containing fullerene C₆₀ and indium(iii) bromide phthalocyanine (Pc) radical anions, (TBA⁺)₃(C₆₀˙⁻){In^III(Br)(Pc)˙⁻}(Br⁻)·C₆H₄Cl₂ (1) and (TEA⁺)₂(C₆₀˙⁻){In^III(Br)(Pc)˙⁻}·C₆H₄Cl₂·C₆H₁₄ (2), have been obtained and their structures, optical and magnetic properties are discussed.