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Karaoğlu HP, Atsay A, Nar I, McKee V, Koçak MB, Hamuryudan E, Gül A. Near-infrared absorbing π-extended hexadeca substituted phthalocyanines. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kociscakova L, Senipek MI, Zimcik P, Novakova V. Non-peripherally alkylamino-substituted phthalocyanines: Synthesis, spectral, photophysical and acid-base properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461950024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-peripherally substituted metal-free and zinc phthalocyanines (Pcs) bearing four diethylamino groups and four Br atoms were prepared. Optimal conditions for synthesis of corresponding precursor ([Formula: see text] 3-bromo-6-(diethylamino)phthalonitrile) either by nucleophilic substitution or by Buchwald–Hartwig coupling were studied. Noteworthy, 3,6-bis(diethylamino)phthalonitrile was also formed, nevertheless only at low yield (typically below 1%) and all attempts for its cyclotetramerization failed. Q bands of prepared Pcs were strongly red shifted up to the near-IR region (769 and 800 nm in THF for zinc and metal-free Pc, respectively). Unusually large hypsochromic shifts of the Q bands, 130 and 80 nm for metal-free and zinc Pc, respectively, were observed upon treating these Pcs with trifluoroacetic acid, which was attributed to the protonation of non-peripheral amines. Treatment with sulfuric acid led to subsequent protonation on the azomethine nitrogens as well. Photophysical study revealed low fluorescence emission of both derivatives ([Formula: see text] <0.03, in THF) and efficient singlet oxygen production only for zinc Pc ([Formula: see text] 0.77 in THF and 0.60 in DMF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kociscakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Merve Ipek Senipek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
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Karaoğlu HRP, Yenilmez HY, Koçak MB. Phthalocyanines formed from several precursors: synthesis, characterization, and comparative fluorescence and quinone quenching. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1471686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Makbule B. Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Novakova V, Donzello MP, Ercolani C, Zimcik P, Stuzhin PA. Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines and their metal derivatives. Part II: Electronic structure, electrochemical, spectral, photophysical and other application related properties. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Söylemez N, Yabaş E, Bölükbaşı SŞ, Sülü M. Antioxidant activities of the new tetrasubstituted metal-free, Zn(II) and Co(II) monophthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
4-[(4′-(Tert-butyl)phenoxy)phenoxy]phthalonitrile 1 has been prepared by the reaction of 4-(4-nitrophenoxy)phthalonitrile with 4-tertiarylbutylphenole. 4-((4′-tert-butyl)phenoxy)phenoxy tetrasubstituted metal-free 2, zinc(II) 3 and cobalt(II) 4 phthalocyanines have been prepared by tetramerization of compound 1. The synthesized phthalocyanines showed high solubility in common organic solvents such as CHCl[Formula: see text]. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and [Formula: see text]H-NMR, [Formula: see text]C-NMR, UV-vis, IR spectra. Aggregation behaviors of these compounds have been investigated in different solvents (CHCl[Formula: see text], THF, DMF and DMSO) and different concentrations in CHCl[Formula: see text]. The in vitro antioxidant activities of phthalocyanine compounds 2, 3 and 4 were evaluated in a series of assays involving DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Antioxidant activity of compound 2was found to be higher than that of compounds 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Söylemez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yabaş
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin Bölükbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sülü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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Kasprzycki P, Sobotta L, Lijewski S, Wierzchowski M, Goslinski T, Mielcarek J, Radzewicz C, Fita P. Unusual cis-diprotonated forms and fluorescent aggregates of non-peripherally alkoxy-substituted metallophthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:21390-21400. [PMID: 28776609 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protonation and aggregation of two metallophthalocyanines (zinc and magnesium) non-peripherally substituted with 1,4,7-trioxanonyl moieties were studied by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Both compounds are easily protonated in organic solvents, but the central metal ion strongly affects the character of this process. In particular, the magnesium derivative forms the cis-diprotonated isomer observed for the first time in phthalocyanines, in contrast to its zinc counterpart which forms the typical trans-diprotonated isomer. In addition, studies performed on phthalocyanines substituted with n-butoxy groups at their non-peripheral positions indicated that the formation of the cis-diprotonated forms is a more common feature of alkoxy-substituted magnesium metallophthalocyanines, in contrast to derivatives with other metal ions. The cis-diprotonated forms of the magnesium derivatives are formed at much lower proton concentrations than the trans-diprotonated forms of their zinc counterparts. The cis-isomers were also found to have more advantageous photophysical properties for photoactive applications than the trans-isomers. Aggregation studies of the trioxanonyl phthalocyanines revealed that the magnesium derivative aggregates much more easily in non-coordinating solvents than its zinc counterpart. Both the derivatives form fluorescent aggregates, which is typically attributed to the presence of oxygen-to-metal intermolecular coordination preventing the formation of non-fluorescent face-to-face stacks. The results indicate that the oxygen-to-metal coordination plays a significant role in the studied systems and the stronger oxygen-coordination ability of magnesium ions compared to zinc ions may underlie the observed differences between the phthalocyanines metallated with these two ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kasprzycki
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Nar I, Atsay A, Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H, Altındal A, Hamuryudan E. π-Extended hexadeca-substituted cobalt phthalocyanine as an active layer for organic field-effect transistors. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15017-15023. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The structural modification of the phthalocyanine skeleton with a hexadeca substitution pattern is a promising approach for the fabrication of active layers for OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgın Nar
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Armağan Atsay
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Hande Pekbelgin Karaoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altındal
- Faculty of Science and Art
- Department of Physics
- Yıldız Technical University
- 34722 Esenler
- Turkey
| | - Esin Hamuryudan
- Faculty of Science and Letters
- Department of Chemistry
- İstanbul Technical University
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
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Cidlina A, Miletin M, Fathi-Rasekh M, Nemykin VN, Zimcik P, Novakova V. OFF-ON-OFF Red-Emitting Fluorescent Indicators for a Narrow pH Window. Chemistry 2016; 23:1795-1804. [PMID: 27865014 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A unique combination of two independent mechanisms of fluorescence quenching, namely intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from a peripheral donor and protonation of azomethine nitrogen atoms in zinc tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines (TPyzPz), provides a new possibility for sensing pH in a specific range. The pH selectivity was controlled by the different basicities of the donor for ICT (dimethylaminoaryl), which was connected to the macrocycle by π-extended linkers of different lengths. ICT and protonation have been studied in detail by photophysical, spectral (UV/Vis and MCD spectra), and electrochemical measurements, and further supported by theoretical calculations (DFT, TDDFT). The pH-sensing properties of the TPyzPzs have been investigated in THF and in water after anchoring the TPyzPzs to liposomes. The salient pKa values were around 1.3 (azomethine nitrogen) and 2.29-4.76 (donor for ICT). The lead indicators (sensing over a pH range of 1.0-2.5) with fairly steep sensing profiles exhibited increases in fluorescence between the OFF/ON states of more than 20-fold and strong absorption in the red region (Q-band maximum >650 nm, ϵ≈2×106 m-1 cm-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Cidlina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Miletin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Mahtab Fathi-Rasekh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
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Cidlina A, Svec J, Ludvová L, Kuneš J, Zimcik P, Novakova V. Predominant effect of connecting atom and position of substituents on azomethine nitrogens’ basicity in phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The basicity of azomethine nitrogens was studied on a series of phthalocyanines (Pcs) that differed in a position of substituent, [Formula: see text] peripherally ([Formula: see text]-series) and non-peripherally substituted Pcs ([Formula: see text]-series), and in a type of substituent (alkylsulfanyl, alkyloxy or alkyl). Appropriate 3,6- or 4,5-disubstituted phthalonitriles were prepared either by nucleophilic substitution or by Negishi coupling. Target zinc Pcs were synthesized by Linstead method. The basicity was studied by the mean of absorption and1H NMR spectroscopies in chloroform upon titration with trifluoroacetic acid. Equilibrium constants (log [Formula: see text]) indicated significant difference within the series. Basicity decreased as follows: [Formula: see text]-alkyloxy ≫ [Formula: see text]-alkylsulfanyl > [Formula: see text]-alkyloxy > [Formula: see text]-alkyl > [Formula: see text]-alkylsulfanyl ∼ [Formula: see text]-alkyl with log [Formula: see text] higher than 7 down to 2.6 M[Formula: see text]. Increased basicity of [Formula: see text]-alkyloxy and [Formula: see text]-alkylsulfanyl Pcs is caused by the stabilization of trapped hydrogen at azomethine nitrogen via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, respectively. The basicity of [Formula: see text]-series clearly correlated with the electronic effects of substituents.1H NMR studies confirmed the possibility of the weak bonding interactions in [Formula: see text]-alkyloxy and [Formula: see text]-alkylsulfanyl Pcs, however, the position of the1H NMR signal of azomethine-NH proton was even more influenced by the electronic effects of present substituents than by the weak interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Cidlina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ludvová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kuneš
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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