1
|
Hamer M, Caraballo RM, Eaton PJ, Medforth C. Nanoparticles as template for porphyrin nanostructure growth. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are one of the most widely studied platforms for the construction of supramolecular structures. These compounds have an extended aromatic system that allows [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] stacking interactions which, together with hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces and the formation of inter-metallic complexes arising from peripheral groups, offer a versatile platform to control the self-assembly mechanism. In this work, we present the study of nanostructures formed by self-assembly of the water-soluble porphyrins meso-tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP) and meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) in the presence of hard nanotemplates. Different nanoparticles (silica, gold, and polystyrene), concentrations and synthetic procedures were explored. The obtained materials were characterized by SEM and AFM microscopies, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. A clear modification of the SiO2 NP surface roughness using one-pot synthesis was observed. The results were variable depending on the porphyrin–surface interactions and concentrations used. At lower porphyrin concentrations, a shift of the Soret band was observed, while at higher concentrations, free NS were formed. This reflects a competition between surface and solution directed self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Hamer
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rolando M. Caraballo
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter J. Eaton
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Craig Medforth
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adinehnia M, Eskelsen JR, Hipps KW, Mazur U. Mechanical behavior of crystalline ionic porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of six different binary ionic porphyrin crystals with variable morphologies were measured and correlated with their structural properties. These solids were formed from stoichiometric combinations of negatively charged tectons, meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP), Cu(II) meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (CuTSPP), Ni(II) meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (NiTSPP), and four different cationic tectons, namely, meso-tetra (4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP), tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP), Cu(II) meso-tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (CuTMPyP), Ni(II) meso-tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (NiTMPyP), and tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP). Crystal structures were determined from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopes (SEM and AFM) provided topographical information. The common arrangement of the porphyrin tectons within the crystals is consistent with alternating face-to-face molecular arrangement forming coherent columns along the fast-growing long axis which are held together by electrostatic and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] interactions as well as hydrogen bonding. In acquiring the indentation data of the porphyrin crystals using AFM, stress was applied perpendicular to the direction where ionic and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] bonds dominate the packing. At indent loads [Formula: see text]50 nN/nm2, all the porphyrin structures deformed elastically. Young’s modulus ([Formula: see text] values for the different crystals range from 6 to 28 GPa. In a broader perspective, this study highlights the extraordinary mechanical behavior of porphyrin assemblies formed by ionic self-assembly. Judicious selection of charged porphyrin synthons can yield crystalline materials with mechanical properties that combine the elastic characteristics of ‘soft’ polymers with the stiffness of composite materials. Such high-performance materials are excellent candidates for deformable optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Adinehnia
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | | | - K. W. Hipps
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| |
Collapse
|