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Zagami R, Rubin Pedrazzo A, Franco D, Caldera F, De Plano LM, Trapani M, Patanè S, Trotta F, Mazzaglia A. Supramolecular Assemblies based on Polymeric Cyclodextrin Nanosponges and a Cationic Porphyrin with Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Action. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122883. [PMID: 36972777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Within of the increasing requirement of alternative approaches to fight emerging infections, nano-photosensitisers (nanoPS) are currently designed with the aim to optimize the antimicrobial photodynamic (aPDT) efficacy. The utilize of less expensive nanocarriers prepared by simple and eco-friendly methodologies and commercial photosensitisers are highly desiderable. In this direction, here we propose a novel nanoassembly composed of water soluble anionic polyester β-CD nanosponges (β-CD-PYRO hereafter named βNS) and the cationic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4- yl)porphine (TMPyP). Nanoassemblies were prepared in ultrapure water by mixing PS and βNS, by exploiting their mutual electrostatic interaction, and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as UV/Vis, Steady-State and Time Resolved Fluorescence, Dynamic Light Scattering and ζ-potential. NanoPS produce appreciable amount of single oxygen similar to free porphyrin and a prolonged stability after 6 days of incubations in physiological conditions and following photoirradiation. Antimicrobial photodynamic action against fatal hospital-acquired infections such as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was investigated by pointing out the ability of cationic porphyrin loaded- CD nanosponges to photo-kill bacterial cells at prolonged time of incubation and following irradiation (MBC99 = 3.75 µM, light dose = 54.82 J/cm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zagami
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, URT Messina c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Franco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura M De Plano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, URT Messina c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Salvatore Patanè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, URT Messina c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
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Dibona-Villanueva L, Fuentealba D. Protoporphyrin IX-Chitosan Oligosaccharide Conjugate with Potent Antifungal Photodynamic Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9276-9282. [PMID: 35866700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new chemical conjugate between protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and chitosan oligosaccharides (CH) was prepared and evaluated in vitro as an antifungal agent against Penicillium digitatum. Chemical characterization and photophysical/photochemical studies were conducted. The antifungal effect of the CH-PPIX conjugate was compared to its components (PPIX and CH) and a physical mixture of both, under dark and illuminated conditions. The CH-PPIX conjugate was photostable and inhibited fungal growth with 100% efficiency at a dose of 0.005% w/v under visible light irradiation, while no antifungal activity was observed in the dark. Under the same conditions, CH and PPIX did not display any fungicidal activity, demonstrating the improved properties of the conjugate. Insights into the mechanism of fungal inactivation revealed an efficient spore uptake and photoinduced membrane damage through singlet oxygen generation. This new bioconjugate, which is based on natural components, represents a promising agent for fungicidal formulations based on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Dibona-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Fotobiología, Departamento de Química Física, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Denis Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Fotobiología, Departamento de Química Física, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Therapeutic Efficacy and Biodistribution of Paclitaxel-Bound Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles: Analyses in 3D Tumor Culture and Tumor-Bearing Animals In Vivo. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020515. [PMID: 33670527 PMCID: PMC7922126 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The uniqueness of paclitaxel’s antimitotic action mechanism has fueled research toward its application in more effective and safer cancer treatments. However, the low water solubility, recrystallization, and side effects hinder the clinical success of classic paclitaxel chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and biodistribution of paclitaxel encapsulated in injectable amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles of different surface charges. It was found that paclitaxel-loaded amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles showed an antitumoral effect earlier than the drug solution. Moreover, the blank nanoparticles reduced the tumor growth with a similar trend to the paclitaxel solution. At 24 h, the nanoparticles had not accumulated in the heart and lungs according to the biodistribution assessed by in vivo imaging. Therefore, our results indicated that the amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles are potentially devoid of cardiac toxicity, which limits the clinical use and commercialization of certain polymeric nanoparticles. In conclusion, the amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles with different surface charge increased the efficiency of paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. Cyclodextrin nanoparticles could be a good candidate vehicle for intravenous paclitaxel delivery.
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Molupe N, Babu B, Prinsloo E, Kaassis AYA, Edkins K, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic activity of Sn(IV) meso-tetraacenaphthylporphyrin and its methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel Sn(IV) meso-tetraacenaphthylporphyrin (SnTAcP) has been synthesized and characterized. SnTAcP was complexed with methyl-[Formula: see text]-cyclodextrin (m[Formula: see text]-CD), a nanocarrier that enhances water solubility, and the complexes were evaluated as PDT agents using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A relatively low singlet oxygen quantum yield value of 0.36 was obtained in DMF, and the lowest energy Q band lies at 608 nm on the edge of the therapeutic window. SnTAcP was found to be non-toxic in the dark and phototoxic towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC[Formula: see text] value of 11 ± 1.1 [Formula: see text]g · mL[Formula: see text] after 30 min of irradiation with a 625 nm Thorlabs LED that provides a dose of 432 J · cm[Formula: see text]. A higher IC[Formula: see text] value of 21 ± 1.1 [Formula: see text]g · mL-1 was obtained for the m[Formula: see text]-CD inclusion complex of SnTAcP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nthabeleng Molupe
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | | | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Mavridis IM, Yannakopoulou K. Porphyrinoid-Cyclodextrin Assemblies in Biomedical Research: An Update. J Med Chem 2019; 63:3391-3424. [PMID: 31808344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrinoids, well-known cofactors in fundamental processes of life, have stimulated interest as synthetic models of natural systems and integral components of photodynamic therapy, but their utilization is compromised by self-aggregation in aqueous media. The capacity of cyclodextrins to include hydrophobic molecules in their cavity provides porphyrinoids with a protective environment against oxidation and the ability to disperse efficiently in biological fluids. Moreover, engineered cyclodextrin-porphyrinoid assemblies enhance the photodynamic abilities of porphyrinoids, can carry chemotherapeutics for synergistic modalities, and can be enriched with functions including cell recognition, tissue penetration, and imaging. This Perspective includes synthetic porphyrinoid-cyclodextrin models of proteins participating in fundamental processes, such as enzymatic catalysis, respiration, and electron transfer. In addition, since porphyrinoid-cyclodextrin systems comprise third generation photosensitizers, recent developments for their utilization in photomedicine, that is, multimodal therapy for cancer (e.g., PDT, PTT) and antimicrobial treatment, and eventually in biocompatible therapeutic or diagnostic platforms for next-generation nanomedicine and theranostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Mavridis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou & 27 Neapoleos Str., Agia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou & 27 Neapoleos Str., Agia Paraskevi, Attiki 15341, Greece
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Aggarwal A, Samaroo D, Jovanovic IR, Singh S, Tuz MP, Mackiewicz MR. Porphyrinoid-based photosensitizers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: An update. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based molecules are actively studied as dual function theranostics: fluorescence-based imaging for diagnostics and fluorescence-guided therapeutic treatment of cancers. The intrinsic fluorescent and photodynamic properties of the bimodal molecules allows for these theranostic approaches. Several porphyrinoids bearing both hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic units at their periphery have been developed for the aforementioned applications, but better tumor selectivity and high efficacy to destroy tumor cells is always a key setback for their use. Another issue related to their effective clinical use is that, most of these chromophores form aggregates under physiological conditions. Nanomaterials that are known to possess incredible properties that cannot be achieved from their bulk systems can serve as carriers for these chromophores. Porphyrinoids, when conjugated with nanomaterials, can be enabled to perform as multifunctional nanomedicine devices. The integrated properties of these porphyrinoid-nanomaterial conjugated systems make them useful for selective drug delivery, theranostic capabilities, and multimodal bioimaging. This review highlights the use of porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines as well as their multifunctional nanodevices in various biomedical theranostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Aggarwal
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Diana Samaroo
- New York City College of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 285 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Sunaina Singh
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Michelle Paola Tuz
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
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Zagami R, Rapozzi V, Piperno A, Scala A, Triolo C, Trapani M, Xodo LE, Monsù Scolaro L, Mazzaglia A. Folate-Decorated Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins as Cell-Targeted Nanophototherapeutics. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2530-2544. [PMID: 31241900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, active targeting of nanotherapeutics is a challenging issue. Here, we propose a rational design of a ternary nanoassembly (SAP) composed of nonionic amphiphilic β-cyclodextrins (amphiphilic CD) incorporating pheophorbide (Pheo) as a phototherapeutic and an adamantanyl-folic acid conjugate (Ada-FA) to target tumor cells overexpressing α-folate receptor (FR-α(+)). Dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential pointed out the presence of nanoassemblies bearing a negative surface charge (ζ = -51 mV). Morphology of SAP was investigated by atomic force microscopy and microphotoluminescence, indicating the presence of highly emissive near-spherical assemblies of about 280 nm in size. Complementary spectroscopic techniques such as ROESY-NMR, UV/vis and steady-state fluorescence revealed that the folic acid protrudes out of amphiphilic CD rims, prone for recognition with FR-α. Pheo was strongly loaded in the nanoassembly mostly in monomeric form, thus generating singlet oxygen (1O2) and consequentely showing phototherapeutic action. SAP remained stable until 2 weeks in aqueous solutions. Stability studies in biologically relevant media pointed out the ability of SAP to interact with serum proteins by means of the oligoethylenglycole fringe, without destabilization. Release experiments demonstrated the sustained release of Pheo from SAP in environments mimiking physiological conditions (∼20% within 1 week), plausibly suggesting low Pheo leaking and high integrity of the assembly within 24 h, time spent on average to reach the target sites. Cellular uptake of SAP was confirmed by confocal microscopy, pointing out that SAP was internalized into the tumoral cells expressing FR-α more efficiently than SP. SAP showed improved phototoxicity in human breast MCF-7 cancer cells FR-α(+) (IC50 = 270 nM) with respect to human prostate carcinoma PC3 cells (IC50 = 700 nM) that express a low level of that receptor (FR-α(-)). Finally, an improved phototoxicity in FR-α(+) MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 270 nM) was assessed after treatment with SAP vs SP (IC50 = 600 nM) which was designed without Ada-FA as a targeting unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zagami
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell' Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , Messina 98166 , Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Dipartimento di Area Medica , Università di Udine , P.le Kolbe 4 , Udine 33100 , Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , Messina 98166 , Italy
| | - Angela Scala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , Messina 98166 , Italy
| | - Claudia Triolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra , Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell' Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , Messina 98166 , Italy
| | - Luigi E Xodo
- Dipartimento di Area Medica , Università di Udine , P.le Kolbe 4 , Udine 33100 , Italy
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , Messina 98166 , Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell' Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , Messina 98166 , Italy
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Ben Mihoub A, Larue L, Moussaron A, Youssef Z, Colombeau L, Baros F, Frochot C, Vanderesse R, Acherar S. Use of Cyclodextrins in Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:E1936. [PMID: 30072672 PMCID: PMC6222782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is mainly used to destroy cancerous cells; it combines the action of three components: a photoactivatable molecule or photosensitizer (PS), the light of an appropriate wavelength, and naturally occurring molecular oxygen. After light excitation of the PS, the excited PS then reacts with molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cellular damage. One of the drawbacks of PSs is their lack of solubility in water and body tissue fluids, thereby causing low bioavailability, drug-delivery efficiency, therapeutic efficacy, and ROS production. To improve the water-solubility and/or drug delivery of PSs, using cyclodextrins (CDs) is an interesting strategy. This review describes the in vitro or/and in vivo use of natural and derived CDs to improve antitumoral PDT efficiency in aqueous media. To achieve these goals, three types of binding modes of PSs with CDs are developed: non-covalent CD⁻PS inclusion complexes, covalent CD⁻PS conjugates, and CD⁻PS nanoassemblies. This review is divided into three parts: (1) non-covalent CD-PS inclusion complexes, covalent CD⁻PS conjugates, and CD⁻PS nanoassemblies, (2) incorporating CD⁻PS systems into hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) using up-converting or other types of NPs, and (3) CDs with fullerenes as PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ben Mihoub
- Laboratoire de Chimie Phusique Macromoléculaire, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Ludivine Larue
- Laboratoire de Chimie Phusique Macromoléculaire, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Albert Moussaron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Phusique Macromoléculaire, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Zahraa Youssef
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Ludovic Colombeau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Phusique Macromoléculaire, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Francis Baros
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Céline Frochot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Régis Vanderesse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Phusique Macromoléculaire, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Phusique Macromoléculaire, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Zagami R, Sortino G, Caruso E, Malacarne MC, Banfi S, Patanè S, Monsù Scolaro L, Mazzaglia A. Tailored-BODIPY/Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin Nanoassemblies with PDT Effectiveness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8639-8651. [PMID: 29936841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic cyclodextrins (aCDs) are an intriguing class of carrier systems which, recently, have been proposed to deliver porphyrinoids and anticancer drugs or combined dose of both for dual therapeutic applications. The design of nanoassemblies based on aCD and photosensitizers (PSs) aims to preserve the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of PS, reducing the tendency of PS to self-aggregate, without affecting the quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) production, and, not less importantly, minimizing dark toxicity and reducing photosensitization effects. With this idea in mind, in this paper, we focus on nanoassemblies between a non-ionic aCD (SC6OH) and halo-alkyl tailored iodinated boron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPY) dye, a class of molecules which recently have been successfully proposed as a stimulating alternative to porphyrinoids for their high photodynamic efficacy. Nanoassemblies of BODIPY/aCD (BL01I@SC6OH) were prepared in different aqueous media by evaporation of mixed organic film of aCD and BODIPY, hydration, and sonication. The nanostructures were characterized, measuring their hydrodynamic diameter and ξ-potential and also evaluating their time-stability in biological relevant media. Taking advantage of emissive properties of the not-iodinated BODIPY analogue (BL01), nanoassemblies based on aCD and BL01 were investigated as model system to get insight on entanglement of BODIPY in the amphiphile in aqueous dispersion, pointing out that BODIPY is well-entrapped in monomeric form (τ ≅ 6.5 ns) within the colloidal carriers. Also morphology and fluorescence emission properties were elucidated after casting the solution on glass. BL01@SC6OH is easily detectable in cytoplasm of HCT116 cell lines, evidencing the remarkable intracellular penetration of this nanoassembly similar to free BODIPY. On the same cell lines, the photodynamically active assembly BL01I/aCD shows toxicity upon irradiation. Despite the fact that free BL01I is more PDT active than its assembly, aCD can modulate the cell uptake of BODIPY, pointing out the potential of this system for in vivo PDT application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zagami
- CNR-ISMN c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche , Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
| | - G Sortino
- CNR-ISMN c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche , Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
| | - E Caruso
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV) , Università dell'Insubria , Via J.H. Dunant 3 , 21100 , Varese , Italy
| | - M C Malacarne
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV) , Università dell'Insubria , Via J.H. Dunant 3 , 21100 , Varese , Italy
| | - S Banfi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV) , Università dell'Insubria , Via J.H. Dunant 3 , 21100 , Varese , Italy
| | - S Patanè
- Dipartimento di Scienze matematiche e informatiche, scienze fisiche e scienze della terra . Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
| | - L Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
- C.I.R.C.M.S.B , Unity of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - A Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche , Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
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