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Molupe N, Babu B, Oluwole DO, Prinsloo E, Gai L, Shen Z, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic activity of 2,6-diiodo-3,5-dithienylvinyleneBODIPYs and their folate-functionalized chitosan-coated Pluronic® F-127 micelles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 2,6-diiodo-3,5-dithienylvinyleneBODIPY dye was prepared and encapsulated with folate-chitosan capped Pluronic[Formula: see text] F-127 to provide drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moderately enhanced singlet oxygen quantum yields were observed for the dye encapsulation complexes in water. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic activity were investigated on the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line. Minimal dark cytotoxicity was observed for the BODIPY dyes in 5% DMSO and when encapsulated in folate-functionalized chitosan-coated Pluronic[Formula: see text] F-127 micelles, since the cell viability values are consistently greater than 80% over the 0-40 [Formula: see text] concentration range. Upon irradiation of the samples, significant cytocidal activity was observed for the encapsulation complex of a 2,6-diiodo-8-dimethylaminophenyl-3,5-dithienylvinyleneBODIPY dye with less than 50% viable cells observed at concentrations [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nthabeleng Molupe
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - David O. Oluwole
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Lizhi Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Highly sensitive and selective fluorescent monomer/polymer probes for Hg2+ and Ag+ recognition and imaging of Hg2+ in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:881-894. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Harris J, May AK, Ngoy BP, Mack J, Nyokong T. An analysis of the photophysical and optical limiting properties of a novel 1,3,5-tristyrylBODIPY dye. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel dibrominated 1,3,5-tristyrylBODIPY dye is reported, and its potential utility as a singlet oxygen photosensitizer and optical limiting material is assessed. The main spectral band lies in the therapeutic window, and there is a moderately high singlet oxygen quantum yield making the dye potentially suitable for use in biomedical applications and as an optical limiting dye at 532 nm. The optical limiting parameters are comparable to those reported previously for 3,5-distyrylBODIPYs, which suggests that mixtures of 3,5-distyryl and 1,3,5-tristyryl compounds that are formed in Knoevenagel condensation reactions could be used for this application. Theoretical calculations are used to assess the effect of 1,3,5-tristyryl substitution. A smaller red shift of the main spectral band is observed upon styrylation at the 1-position than is the case with the 3,5-positions due to there being smaller MO coefficients at this position, limiting the utility of this structural modification method for shifting the main BODIPY spectral band further into the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Harris
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Aviwe K. May
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Bokolombe P. Ngoy
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Ngoy BP, May AK, Mack J, Nyokong T. Effect of bromination on the optical limiting properties at 532 nm of BODIPY dyes with p-benzyloxystyryl groups at the 3,5-positions. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Molupe N, Babu B, Oluwole DO, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. The investigation of in vitro dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic therapy effect of a 2,6-dibromo-3,5-distyryl BODIPY dye encapsulated in Pluronic® F-127 micelles. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1522536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nthabeleng Molupe
- aCentre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- aCentre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - David O. Oluwole
- aCentre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- bBiotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- aCentre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- aCentre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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Ngoy BP, Hlatshwayo Z, Nwaji N, Fomo G, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photophysical and optical limiting properties at 532 nm of BODIPY dyes with p-benzyloxystyryl groups at the 3,5-positions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a series of 3,5-di-[Formula: see text]-benzyloxystyrylBODIPY dyes with different substituents at the meso-aryl position is reported. The photophysical and nonlinear optical properties are described. BODIPYs of this type are found to be suitable for optical limiting at 532 nm on the nanosecond timescale. An enhancement of the population of the T[Formula: see text] state through the incorporation of bromine atoms at the 2,6-positions does not result in an enhancement of the optical limiting properties on a nanosecond timescale. This suggests that, in contrast with phthalocyanines, access to excited state absorption (ESA) from the T[Formula: see text] state through the introduction of a heavy atom effect does not provide a significantly improved reverse saturable absorbance response compared to ESA from the S[Formula: see text] state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokolombe P. Ngoy
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Zweli Hlatshwayo
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Njemuwa Nwaji
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gertrude Fomo
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Stone J, Mack J, Nyokong T, Kimura M, Kobayashi N. Photophysical properties of a novel styryl-BODIPY with a fused crown ether moiety. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a crown-ether-substituted 3-styrylBODIPY dye with a 4-isopropylphenyl group at the meso-position is reported. The effect that the incorporation of Na[Formula: see text] ions into the crown ether moiety has on the photophysical properties is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stone
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Mitsumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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Kubheka G, Sanusi K, Mack J, Nyokong T. Optical limiting properties of 3,5-dipyrenylvinyleneBODIPY dyes at 532nm. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:357-364. [PMID: 29055280 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The optical limiting (OL) properties of 3,5-dipyrenylvinyleneBODIPY dyes that contain both electron withdrawing and donating moieties have been investigated by using the z-scan technique at 532nm in the nanosecond pulse range. The extension of the π-conjugation at the 3,5-positions with pyrenylvinylene groups results in a ca. 200nm red shift of the main BODIPY spectral band to ca. 700nm, so there is relatively weak absorbance at 532nm under ambient light conditions. Reverse saturable absorbance (RSA) profiles are observed in response to incident pulsed laser light that is consistent with a two photon absorption-assisted excited state absorption (ESA) mechanism in CH2Cl2 solution and when the dyes are embedded in poly(bisphenol carbonate A) (PBC) polymer thin films. This demonstrates that 3,5-divinyleneBODIPY dyes are potentially suitable for use in OL applications, since limiting threshold fluence (Ilim) values of below 0.95Jcm-2 are observed when thin films are prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugu Kubheka
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Kayode Sanusi
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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May AK, Stone J, Ngoy BP, Mack J, Nyokong T, Kimura M, Kobayashi N. Photophysical and optical limiting properties of a novel distyryl-BODIPY with fused crown ether moieties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a crown-ether-substituted 3,5-distyrylBODIPY dye with a 4-dimethylaminophenyl group at the meso-position is reported. The optical limiting properties were investigated at 532 nm, and the dye was found to have enhanced reverse saturable absorption responses during z-scan measurements. Theoretical calculations suggest that this may be due to the large dipole moment that is introduced by the benzo-fused crown ether and 4-dimethylaminophenyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviwe K. May
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Justin Stone
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Bokolombe P. Ngoy
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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Kubheka G, Mack J, Kobayashi N, Kimura M, Nyokong T. Optical limiting properties of 2,6-dibromo-3,5- distyrylBODIPY dyes at 532 nm. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Optical limiting properties of 2,6-dibromo-3,5-distyrylBODIPY dyes were investigated by using the z-scan technique at 532 nm in the nanosecond pulse range. A strong reverse saturable absorption response was observed even in solution, which suggests that compounds of this type are potentially suitable for use in optical limiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugu Kubheka
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mitsumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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