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Li Y, Han W, Gong D, Luo T, Fan Y, Mao J, Qin W, Lin W. A self-assembled nanophotosensitizer targets lysosomes and induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization to enhance photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5106-5115. [PMID: 37206384 PMCID: PMC10189857 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the self-assembly of amphiphilic BDQ photosensitizers into lysosome-targeting nanophotosensitizer BDQ-NP for highly effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). Molecular dynamics simulation, live cell imaging, and subcellular colocalization studies showed that BDQ strongly incorporated into lysosome lipid bilayers to cause continuous lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Upon light irradiation, the BDQ-NP generated a high level of reactive oxygen species to disrupt lysosomal and mitochondrial functions, leading to exceptionally high cytotoxicity. The intravenously injected BDQ-NP accumulated in tumours to achieve excellent PDT efficacy on subcutaneous colorectal and orthotopic breast tumor models without causing systemic toxicity. BDQ-NP-mediated PDT also prevented metastasis of breast tumors to the lungs. This work shows that self-assembled nanoparticles from amphiphilic and organelle-specific photosensitizers provide an excellent strategy to enhance PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Deyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Jianming Mao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Wenwu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
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Fluorescent properties of amphi-PIC J-aggregates in the complexes with bovine serum albumin. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cravcenco A, Yu Y, Edhborg F, Goebel JF, Takacs Z, Yang Y, Albinsson B, Börjesson K. Exciton Delocalization Counteracts the Energy Gap: A New Pathway toward NIR-Emissive Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19232-19239. [PMID: 34748317 PMCID: PMC8603381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Exciton coupling between the transition dipole moments of ordered dyes in supramolecular assemblies, so-called J/H-aggregates, leads to shifted electronic transitions. This can lower the excited state energy, allowing for emission well into the near-infrared regime. However, as we show here, it is not only the excited state energy modifications that J-aggregates can provide. A bay-alkylated quaterrylene was synthesized, which was found to form J-aggregates in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. A combination of superradiance and a decreased nonradiative relaxation rate made the J-aggregate four times more emissive than the monomeric counterpart. A reduced nonradiative relaxation rate is a nonintuitive consequence following the 180 nm (3300 cm-1) red-shift of the J-aggregate in comparison to the monomeric absorption. However, the energy gap law, which is commonly invoked to rationalize increased nonradiative relaxation rates with increasing emission wavelength, also contains a reorganization energy term. The reorganization energy is highly suppressed in J-aggregates due to exciton delocalization, and the framework of the energy gap law could therefore reproduce our experimental observations. J-Aggregates can thus circumvent the common belief that lowering the excited state energies results in large nonradiative relaxation rates and are thus a pathway toward highly emissive organic dyes in the NIR regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Cravcenco
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edhborg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Goebel
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zoltan Takacs
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 5C, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yizhou Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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