Effect of Direct Alkyne Substitution on the Photophysical Properties of Two Novel Octasubstituted Zinc Phthalocyanines

The synthesis of two novel phthalonitrile derivatives (3-4) bearing ethynylcyclohex-1-ene and ethynylcyclohexane groups and two peripherally octa substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (5-6) were prepared. The synthesis of phthalonitrile derivatives was performed with Sonagashira coupling reaction by using palladium-catalyzed. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, NMR, mass, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. Aggregation studies of 5 and 6 were performed in various organic solvents and different concentrations in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The photophysical studies of the Pcs were performed in THF to determine the effect of the alkyne groups on the fluorescence of the Pc ring. Substances showing fluorescence properties can be used in practical applications such as to create an image in microscopy. Fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and fluorescence lifetime (τF) of 5-6 were calculated. The fluorescence quenching studies of 5-6 were performed by adding the different concentrations of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) to a constant concentration of the Pcs in THF and it was found that benzoquinone was an effective quencher. The values of the Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) and quenching constant (kq) of zinc phthalocyanines (5-6) were examined. All obtained results were compared with each other and with unsubstituted zinc Pc compound used as a reference.

Biological properties of novel mono and double-decker hexadeca-substituted metal phthalocyanines

This study reports chemical agents that exhibit efficient antibacterial photodynamic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, biofilm inhibition, and DNA cleavage activities.

New soluble 4-(4-formyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy) substituted phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical properties

This work describes the synthesis, spectral and fluorescence properties of bis 4-(4-formyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy) substituted zinc (ZnPc) and magnesium (MgPc) phthalocyanines. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectra. Afterward, the effects of including metal ion on the photophysicochemical properties of the complexes were studied in biocompatible solvent DMSO to analyze their potential to use as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields were calculated as 0.04–0.15 and 0.70–0.52 for ZnPc and MgPc, respectively. According to the results, MgPc has higher fluorescence quantum yield than ZnPc, while ZnPc has higher singlet oxygen quantum yield than MgPc. The results show that the synthesized complexes can have therapeutic outcomes for cancer treatment.

The Influence of Some Axial Ligands on Ruthenium-Phthalocyanine Complexes: Chemical, Photochemical, and Photobiological Properties

This work presents a new procedure to synthesize ruthenium–phthalocyanine complexes and uses diverse spectroscopic techniques to characterize trans-[RuCl(Pc)DMSO] (I) (Pc = phthalocyanine) and trans-[Ru(Pc)(4-ampy)₂] (II) (4-ampy = 4-aminopyridine). The triplet excited-state lifetimes of (I) measured by nanosecond transient absorption showed that two processes occurred, one around 15 ns and the other around 3.8 μs. Axial ligands seemed to affect the singlet oxygen quantum yield. Yields of 0.62 and 0.14 were achieved for (I) and (II), respectively. The lower value obtained for (II) probably resulted from secondary reactions of singlet oxygen in the presence of the ruthenium complex. We also investigate how axial ligands in the ruthenium–phthalocyanine complexes affect their photo-bioactivity in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. In the case of (I) at 1 μmol/L, photosensitization with 5.95 J/cm² provided B16F10 cell viability of 6%, showing that (I) was more active than (II) at the same concentration. Furthermore, (II) was detected intracellularly in B16F10 cell extracts. The behavior of the evaluated ruthenium–phthalocyanine complexes point to the potential use of (I) as a metal-based drug in clinical therapy. Changes in axial ligands can modulate the photosensitizer activity of the ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes.

Investigation of the biological and photophysicochemical properties of new non-peripheral fluorinated phthalocyanines

The photophysicochemical and biological properties of new fluorinated phthalocyanines were examined. The synergistic effect of phthalocyanines used as colorants in ink formulas with other chemicals available was investigated for the first time.

Investigation of tyrosinase enzyme (from mushroom) inhibitory activities and antioxidant properties of new fluorine-containing phthalocyanines

A series of new peripherally or nonperipherally substituted phthalocyanines bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenyl groups was synthesized. In addition, a new metal-free phthalocyanine bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy on the nonperipheral position was prepared. The resulting phthalocyanines were characterized using some spectroscopic techniques such as ¹ H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, together with elemental analysis. When the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities of the synthesized phthalocyanines were examined, molecules 2b and 3b showed an inhibitory activity against the enzyme with IC₅₀ values of 176.2 ± 0.65 and 284.4 ± 1.03, respectively. The inhibition types of the molecules and standard inhibitor kojic acid were found as competitive for 2b, mixed for 1b and kojic acid, and uncompetitive for 3b. Antioxidant activities were also assessed by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and the molecules showed moderate antioxidant activities.

Effect of Position and Connected Atom on Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Some Fluorinated Metallophthalocyanines

This study presents the preparation of a new phthalonitrile derivative namely 3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and a series of its metallated phthalocyanines (M = Zn (II) (1a) and In(III) (1b)). In addition, the peripheral analog of the indium phthalocyanine chloride (2b) was newly synthesized. Characterization of the resulting compounds was carried out by utilizing various spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, ¹ H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The influence of concentration on aggregation properties of compound 1a was investigated at different concentrations of DMSO. The effect of solvent type on aggregation properties of compound 1a was studied, as well. According to the referred procedures, the macrocyclic molecules (2a, 3a-b and 4a-b) were prepared. The effect of some parameters including metal ion, the position of the substituent and the connected atom (oxo or thio) on photochemical and photophysical features of compounds (1a-b, 2a-b, 3a-b, and 4a-b) was studied for evaluation of their potential as a photosensitizer in PDT, comparatively. The highest singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ_Δ  = 0.71 for 1a and 0.80 for 2b) were obtained for complexes 1a and 1b in DMSO. The photophysical and photochemical features of the studied macromolecules are therefore suitable for photodynamic therapy applications.