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Song L, Raihan MK, Yu L, Wu S, Kim N, Till SR, Song Y, Xuan X. An experimental study of the merging flow of polymer solutions in a T-shaped microchannel. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3207-3214. [PMID: 37074114 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00376k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The merging flow through a T-junction is relevant to sample mixing and particle manipulation in microfluidic devices. It has been extensively studied for Newtonian fluids, particularly in the high inertial regime where flow bifurcation takes place for enhanced mixing. However, the effects of fluid rheological properties on the merging flow have remained largely unexplored. We investigate here the flow of five types of polymer solutions along with water in a planar T-shaped microchannel over a wide range of flow rates for a systematic understanding of the effects of fluid shear thinning and elasticity. It is found that the merging flow near the stagnation point of the T-junction can either be vortex dominated or have unsteady streamlines, depending on the strength of elasticity and shear thinning present in the fluid. Moreover, the shear thinning effect is found to induce a symmetric unsteady flow in comparison to the asymmetric unsteady flow in the viscoelastic fluids, the latter of which exhibits greater interfacial fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Song
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
| | - Mahmud Kamal Raihan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
| | - Liandong Yu
- College of Controlling Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 257061, China.
| | - Sen Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
| | - Savannah Rose Till
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0905, USA
| | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA.
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2
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Suwa M, Tsukahara S, Watarai H. Applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces in micro-analytical systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1097-1127. [PMID: 36636900 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel applications of magnetic fields in analytical chemistry have become a remarkable trend in the last two decades. Various magnetic forces have been employed for the migration, orientation, manipulation, and trapping of microparticles, and new analytical platforms for separating and detecting molecules have been proposed. Magnetic materials such as functional magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposites, and specially designed magnetic solids and liquids have also been developed for analytical purposes. Numerous attractive applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces on magnetic and non-magnetic materials have been studied, but fundamental studies to understand the working principles of magnetic forces have been challenging. These studies will form a new field of magneto-analytical science, which should be developed as an interdisciplinary field. In this review, essential pioneering works and recent attractive developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - S Tsukahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - H Watarai
- R3 Institute for Newly-Emerging Science Design, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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3
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't Lam G, Vermuë M, Eppink M, Wijffels R, van den Berg C. Multi-Product Microalgae Biorefineries: From Concept Towards Reality. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:216-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Li D, Lu X, Song Y, Wang J, Li D, Xuan X. Sheathless electrokinetic particle separation in a bifurcating microchannel. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054104. [PMID: 27703590 PMCID: PMC5035298 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Particle separation has found practical applications in many areas from industry to academia. Current electrokinetic particle separation techniques primarily rely on dielectrophoresis, where the electric field gradients are generated by either active microelectrodes or inert micro-insulators. We develop herein a new type of electrokinetic method to continuously separate particles in a bifurcating microchannel. This sheath-free separation makes use of the inherent wall-induced electrical lift to focus particles towards the centerline of the main-branch and then deflect them to size-dependent flow paths in each side-branch. A theoretical model is also developed to understand such a size-based separation, which simulates the experimental observations with a good agreement. This electric field-driven sheathless separation can potentially be operated in a parallel or cascade mode to increase the particle throughput or resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
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5
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Radziuk D, Möhwald H. Ultrasonically treated liquid interfaces for progress in cleaning and separation processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cleaning and separation processes of liquids can be advanced by acoustic cavitation through bubbles with unique physico-chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Radziuk
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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6
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Chung AJ, Hur SC. High-Speed Microfluidic Manipulation of Cells. ADVANCED MICRO AND NANOSYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527690237.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Zhou Y, Kumar DT, Lu X, Kale A, DuBose J, Song Y, Wang J, Li D, Xuan X. Simultaneous diamagnetic and magnetic particle trapping in ferrofluid microflows via a single permanent magnet. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015. [PMID: 26221197 PMCID: PMC4499041 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Trapping and preconcentrating particles and cells for enhanced detection and analysis are often essential in many chemical and biological applications. Existing methods for diamagnetic particle trapping require the placement of one or multiple pairs of magnets nearby the particle flowing channel. The strong attractive or repulsive force between the magnets makes it difficult to align and place them close enough to the channel, which not only complicates the device fabrication but also restricts the particle trapping performance. This work demonstrates for the first time the use of a single permanent magnet to simultaneously trap diamagnetic and magnetic particles in ferrofluid flows through a T-shaped microchannel. The two types of particles are preconcentrated to distinct locations of the T-junction due to the induced negative and positive magnetophoretic motions, respectively. Moreover, they can be sequentially released from their respective trapping spots by simply increasing the ferrofluid flow rate. In addition, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed, which predicts with a reasonable agreement the trajectories of diamagnetic and magnetic particles as well as the buildup of ferrofluid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Dhileep Thanjavur Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Akshay Kale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - John DuBose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
| | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
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Lu X, Xuan X. Continuous Microfluidic Particle Separation via Elasto-Inertial Pinched Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6389-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department
of Mechanical
Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
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10
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Xie KX, Cao SH, Liu Q, Cai WP, Huo SX, Watarai H, Li YQ. Modulation of surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) by a pulsed magnetic field. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12320-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The SPCE was modulated by a magnetic field through the interaction between plasmon and magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Shuo-Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Peng Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Si-Xin Huo
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Hitoshi Watarai
- Institute for NanoScience Design
- Osaka University
- Osaka 560-8531
- Japan
| | - Yao-Qun Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
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11
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Lu X, Hsu JP, Xuan X. Exploiting the wall-induced non-inertial lift in electrokinetic flow for a continuous particle separation by size. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 31:620-7. [PMID: 25521509 DOI: 10.1021/la5045464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Separating particles from a heterogeneous mixture is important and necessary in many engineering and biomedical applications. Electrokinetic flow-based continuous particle separation has thus far been realized primarily by the use of particle dielectrophoresis induced in constricted and/or curved microchannels. We develop in this work a new electrokinetic method that exploits the wall-induced non-inertial lift in a straight uniform microchannel to continuously separate particles by intrinsic properties (e.g., size and surface charge). Such an electrically originated lift force arises from the asymmetric electric field distribution around a particle nearby a planar dielectric wall. We demonstrate this method through separating both a binary and ternary mixture of dispersed polystyrene microspheres by size in a T-shaped microchannel. A semi-analytical model is also developed to simulate and understand the particle separation process. The predicted particle trajectories in the entire microchannel agree reasonably well with the experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, United States
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12
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WATARAI H, DUC HTT, LAN TTN, ZHANG T, TSUKAHARA S. Zero-velocity Magnetophoretic Method for the Determination of Particle Magnetic Susceptibility. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:745-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoang Trong Tien DUC
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Science
| | - Tran Thi Ngoc LAN
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Science
| | | | - Satoshi TSUKAHARA
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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