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Pradela-Filho LA, Araújo DAG, Ataide VN, Meloni GN, Paixão TRLC. Challenges faced with 3D-printed electrochemical sensors in analytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:4679-4690. [PMID: 38664267 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Prototyping analytical devices with three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques is becoming common in research laboratories. The attractiveness is associated with printers' price reduction and the possibility of creating customized objects that could form complete analytical systems. Even though 3D printing enables the rapid fabrication of electrochemical sensors, its wider adoption by research laboratories is hindered by the lack of reference material and the high "entry barrier" to the field, manifested by the need to learn how to use 3D design software and operate the printers. This review article provides insights into fused deposition modeling 3D printing, discussing key challenges in producing electrochemical sensors using currently available extrusion tools, which include desktop 3D printers and 3D printing pens. Further, we discuss the electrode processing steps, including designing, printing conditions, and post-treatment steps. Finally, this work shed some light on the current applications of such electrochemical devices that can be a reference material for new research involving 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro A Pradela-Filho
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diele A G Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa N Ataide
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel N Meloni
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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2
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Xue Z, Patel K, Bhatia P, Miller CL, Shergill RS, Patel BA. 3D-Printed Microelectrodes for Biological Measurement. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12701-12709. [PMID: 39039062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Microelectrodes are useful electrochemical sensors that can provide spatial biological monitoring. Carbon fiber has been by far the most widely used microelectrode; however, a vast number of different materials and modification strategies have been developed to broaden the scope of microelectrodes. Carbon composite electrodes provide a simple approach to making microelectrodes with a wide range of materials, but manufacturing strategies are complex. 3D printing can provide the ability to make microelectrodes with high precision. We used fused filament fabrication to print single strands of carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) and multiwall carbon nanotube/polylactic acid (MWCNT/PLA), which were then made into microelectrodes. Microelectrodes ranged from 70 μm in diameter to 400 μm in diameter and were assessed using standard redox probes. MWCNT/PLA electrodes exhibited greater sensitivity, a lower limit of detection, and stability for the measurement of serotonin (5-HT). Both CB/PLA and MWCNT/PLA microelectrodes were able to monitor 5-HT overflow from the ex vivo ileum tissue. MWCNT/PLA microelectrodes were utilized to show differences in 5-HT overflow from ex vivo ileum and colon following exposure to odorants present in spices. These findings highlight that any conductive thermoplastic material can be fabricated into a microelectrode. This simple strategy can utilize a wide range of materials to make 3D-printed microelectrodes for a diverse range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Xue
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Kanisha Patel
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Paankhuri Bhatia
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Chloe L Miller
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
- Centre for Lifelong Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Ricoveer Singh Shergill
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
- Centre for Lifelong Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
- Centre for Lifelong Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K
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3
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Zhang R, Sun T. Ink-based additive manufacturing for electrochemical applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33023. [PMID: 38994065 PMCID: PMC11238056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has drawn substantial attention in recent decades due to its efficiency and precise control in part fabrication. The limitations of conventional fabrication processes, especially regarding geometry complexity, supply chain, and environmental impact, have prompted the exploration of diverse AM technologies in electrochemistry. Especially, three ink-based AM techniques, binder jet printing (BJP), direct ink writing (DIW), and Inkjet Printing (IJP), have been extensively applied by numerous research teams to produce electrodes, catalyst scaffolds, supercapacitors, batteries, etc. BJP's versatility in utilizing a wide range of materials as powder feedstock promotes its potential for various electrode and battery applications. DIW and IJP stand out for their ability to handle multi-material manufacturing tasks and deliver high printing resolution. To capture recent advancements in this field, we present a comprehensive review of the applications of BJP, DIW, and IJP techniques in fabricating electrochemical devices and components. This review intends to provide an overview of the process-structure-property relationship in electrochemical materials and components across diverse applications manufactured using AM techniques. We delve into how the significantly improved design freedom over the structure offered by these ink-based AM techniques highlights the performance of electrochemical products. Moreover, we highlight their advantages in terms of material compatibility, geometry control, and cost-effectiveness. In specific cases, we also compare the performance of electrochemical components fabricated using AM and conventional manufacturing methods. Finally, we conclude this review article by offering some insights into the future development in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Trachioti MG, Hrbac J, Rojas D, Escarpa A, Prodromidis MI. Spark-Discharge-Activated 3D-Printed Electrochemical Sensors. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10127-10133. [PMID: 38867513 PMCID: PMC11209655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technology is a tremendously powerful technology to fabricate electrochemical sensing devices. However, current conductive filaments are not aimed at electrochemical applications and therefore require intense activation protocols to unleash a suitable electrochemical performance. Current activation methods based on (electro)chemical activation (using strong alkaline solutions and organic solvents and/or electrochemical treatments) or combined approaches are time-consuming and require hazardous chemicals and dedicated operator intervention. Here, pioneering spark-discharge-activated 3D-printed electrodes were developed and characterized, and it was demonstrated that their electrochemical performance was greatly improved by the effective removal of the thermoplastic support polylactic acid (PLA) as well as the formation of sponge-like and low-dimensional carbon nanostructures. This reagent-free approach consists of a direct, fast, and automatized spark discharge between the 3D-electrode and the respective graphite pencil electrode tip using a high-voltage power supply. Activated electrodes were challenged toward the simultaneous voltammetric determination of dopamine (DP) and serotonin (5-HT) in cell culture media. Spark discharge has been demonstrated as a promising approach for conductive filament activation as it is a fast, green (0.94 GREEnness Metric Approach), and automatized procedure that can be integrated into the 3D printing pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28802, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria G. Trachioti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Jan Hrbac
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28802, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28802, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical
Research Institute “Andres M. Del Rio”, University of Alcalá, Alcalá
de Henares 28802, Madrid, Spain
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Crapnell RD, Bernalte E, Sigley E, Banks CE. Recycled PETg embedded with graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon black for high-performance conductive additive manufacturing feedstock. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8108-8115. [PMID: 38464694 PMCID: PMC10921296 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The first report of conductive recycled polyethylene terephthalate glycol (rPETg) for additive manufacturing and electrochemical applications is reported herein. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon black (CB) were embedded within a recycled feedstock to produce a filament with lower resistance than commercially available conductive polylactic acid (PLA). In addition to electrical conductivity, the rPETg was able to hold >10 wt% more conductive filler without the use of a plasticiser, showed enhanced temperature stability, had a higher modulus, improved chemical resistance, lowered levels of solution ingress, and could be sterilised in ethanol. Using a mix of carbon materials CB/MWCNT/GNP (25/2.5/2.5 wt%) the electrochemical performance of the rPETg filament was significantly enhanced, providing a heterogenous electrochemical rate constant, k0, equating to 0.88 (±0.01) × 10-3 cm s-1 compared to 0.46 (±0.02) × 10-3 cm s-1 for commercial conductive PLA. This work presents a paradigm shift within the use of additive manufacturing and electrochemistry, allowing the production of electrodes with enhanced electrical, chemical and mechanical properties, whilst improving the sustainability of the production through the use of recycled feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Crapnell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street M1 5GD UK +44(0)1612471196
| | - Elena Bernalte
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street M1 5GD UK +44(0)1612471196
| | - Evelyn Sigley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street M1 5GD UK +44(0)1612471196
| | - Craig E Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street M1 5GD UK +44(0)1612471196
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Wu J, Liang B, Lu S, Xie J, Song Y, Wang L, Gao L, Huang Z. Application of 3D printing technology in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Biomed Mater 2023; 19:012002. [PMID: 37918002 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad08e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technology is an increasing approach consisting of material manufacturing through the selective incremental delamination of materials to form a 3D structure to produce products. This technology has different advantages, including low cost, short time, diversification, and high precision. Widely adopted additive manufacturing technologies enable the creation of diagnostic tools and expand treatment options. Coupled with its rapid deployment, 3D printing is endowed with high customizability that enables users to build prototypes in shorts amounts of time which translates into faster adoption in the medical field. This review mainly summarizes the application of 3D printing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, including the challenges and the prospects combined with other technologies applied to the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Wu
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianling Rd., Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianling Rd., Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuoqiao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd (CAERI), Chongqing 401122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lude Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianling Rd., Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiyin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, No.158, University West Road, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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7
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Xhanari K, Finšgar M. Recent advances in the modification of electrodes for trace metal analysis: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:5805-5821. [PMID: 37697964 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the research published in the last five years on using different compounds and/or materials as modifiers for electrodes employed in trace heavy metal analysis. The main groups of modifiers are identified, and their single or combined application on the surface of the electrodes is discussed. Nanomaterials, film-forming substances, and polymers are among the most used compounds employed mainly in the modification of glassy carbon, screen-printed, and carbon paste electrodes. Composites composed of several compounds and/or materials have also found growing interest in the development of modified electrodes. Environmentally friendly substances and natural products (mainly biopolymers and plant extracts) have continued to be included in the modification of electrodes for trace heavy metal analysis. The main analytical performance parameters of the modified electrodes as well as possible interferences affecting the determination of the target analytes, are discussed. Finally, a critical evaluation of the main findings from these studies and an outlook discussing possible improvements in this area of research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klodian Xhanari
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Boulevard "Zogu I", 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Rădulescu B, Mihalache AM, Păduraru E, Hriţuc A, Rădulescu MC, Slătineanu L, Ermolai V. Tensile Behavior of Chain Links Made of Polymeric Materials Manufactured by 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3178. [PMID: 37571070 PMCID: PMC10421413 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
For reduced mechanical stress, some chains with links made of metallic materials could be replaced by chains made of polymeric materials. A lower weight and a higher corrosion resistance would characterize such chains. From this point of view, research on the behavior of chain links made of polymeric materials under the action of tensile stresses can become important. Modeling by the finite element method highlighted some specific aspects of the behavior of a chain link subjected to tensile stresses. Later, we resorted to the manufacture by 3D printing of some chain links from four distinct polymeric materials, with the modification of the size of the chain link and, respectively, of the values of some of the input factors in the 3D printing process. The tensile strength of the chain links was determined using specialized equipment. The experimental results were processed mathematically to determine some empirical mathematical models that highlight the influence of the values of the input factors in the 3D printing process on the tensile strength of the samples in the form of chain links. It thus became possible to compare the results obtained for the four polymeric materials considered and identify the polymeric material that provides the highest tensile strength of the sample in the form of a chain link. The results of the experimental research showed that the highest mechanical resistance was obtained in the case of the links made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). According to experimental results, when tested under identical conditions, PETG links can break for a force value of 40.9 N. In comparison, polylactic acid links will break for a force value of 4.70 N. Links printed in the horizontal position were almost 9-fold stronger than those printed in the vertical position. Under the same test conditions, according to the determined empirical mathematical models, PETG links printed in a horizontal position will break for a force of 300.8 N, while links printed in a vertical position will break for force values of 35.8 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rădulescu
- Department of Digital Production Systems, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iași, Romania; (B.R.); (E.P.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Andrei Marius Mihalache
- Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iași, Romania; (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (V.E.)
| | - Emilian Păduraru
- Department of Digital Production Systems, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iași, Romania; (B.R.); (E.P.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Adelina Hriţuc
- Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iași, Romania; (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (V.E.)
| | - Mara Cristina Rădulescu
- Department of Digital Production Systems, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iași, Romania; (B.R.); (E.P.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Laurenţiu Slătineanu
- Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iași, Romania; (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (V.E.)
| | - Vasile Ermolai
- Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iași, Romania; (A.M.M.); (L.S.); (V.E.)
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9
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Li M, Zeng Y, Huang Z, Zhang L, Liu Y. Vertical Graphene-Based Printed Electrochemical Biosensor for Simultaneous Detection of Four Alzheimer's Disease Blood Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:758. [PMID: 37622844 PMCID: PMC10452345 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and timely intervention play a vital role in the effective management of Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease based on a single blood biomarker is relatively low, and the combined use of multiple blood biomarkers can greatly improve diagnostic accuracy. Herein, we report a printed electrochemical biosensor based on vertical graphene (VG) modified with gold nanoparticles (VG@nanoAu) for the simultaneous detection of four Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers. The printed electrochemical electrode array was constructed by laser etching and inkjet printing. Then gold nanoparticles were modified onto the working electrode surface via electrodeposition to further improve the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, the entire printed electrochemical sensing system incorporates an electrochemical micro-workstation and a smartphone. The customized electrochemical micro-workstation incorporates four electro-chemical control chips, enabling the sensor to simultaneously analyze four biomarkers. Consequently, the printed electrochemical sensing system exhibits excellent analytical performance due to the large surface area, biocompatibility, and good conductivity of VG@nanoAu. The detection limit of the sensing system for Aβ40, Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau181 was 0.072, 0.089, 0.071, and 0.051 pg/mL, respectively, which meets the detection requirements of Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers. The printed electrochemical sensing system also exhibits good specificity and stability. This work has great value and promising prospects for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis using blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lingyan Zhang
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518116, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yibiao Liu
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518116, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.)
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Chang Y, Cao Q, Venton BJ. 3D printing for customized carbon electrodes. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2023; 38:101228. [PMID: 36911532 PMCID: PMC9997447 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional carbon electrodes are made of glassy carbon or carbon fibers and have limited shapes. 3D printing offers many advantages for manufacturing carbon electrodes, such as complete customization of the shape and the ability to fabricate devices and electrodes simultaneously. Additive manufacturing is the most common 3D printing method, where carbon materials are added to the material to make it conductive, and treatments applied to enhance electrochemical activity. A newer form of 3D printing is 2-photon lithography, where electrodes are printed in photoresist via laser lithography and then annealed to carbon by pyrolysis. Applications of 3D printed carbon electrodes include nanoelectrode measurements of neurotransmitters, arrays of biosensors, and integrated electrodes in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904
| | - Qun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904
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Zhao Z, Xiao J, Zhang X, Jiang J, Zhang M, Li Y, Li T, Wang J. A Thread-based Micro Device for Continuous Electrochemical Detection of Saliva Urea. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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12
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Zhou K, Li Y, Zhuang S, Ren J, Tang F, Mu J, Wang P. A novel electrochemical sensor based on CuO-CeO2/MXene nanocomposite for quantitative and continuous detection of H2O2. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Shergill R, Patel BA. The Effects of Material Extrusion Printing Speed on the Electrochemical Activity of Carbon Black/Polylactic Acid Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- University of Brighton School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Lewes Road BN2 4GJ Brighton UNITED KINGDOM
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Moldovan R, Vereshchagina E, Milenko K, Iacob BC, Bodoki AE, Falamas A, Tosa N, Muntean CM, Farcău C, Bodoki E. Review on combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and electrochemistry for analytical applications. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339250. [PMID: 35569862 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from an electrochemical (EC)-SERS experiment is known as a historic breakthrough. Five decades have passed and Raman spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) has developed into a common characterization tool that provides information about the electrode-electrolyte interface. Recently, this technique has been successfully explored for analytical purposes. EC was found to highly improve the performances of SERS sensors, providing, among others, controlled adsorption of analytes and increased reproducibility. In this review, we highlight the potential of EC-SERS sensors to be implemented for point-of-need (PON) analyses as miniaturized devices, and their ability to revolutionize fields like quality control, diagnosis or environmental and food safety. Important developments have been achieved in Raman spectroelectrochemistry, which now represents a promising alternative to conventional analytical methods and interests more and more researchers. The studies included in this review open endless possibilities for real-life EC-SERS analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Moldovan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elizaveta Vereshchagina
- Department of Microsystems and Nanotechnology (MiNaLab), SINTEF Digital, Gaustadalléen 23C, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karolina Milenko
- Department of Microsystems and Nanotechnology (MiNaLab), SINTEF Digital, Gaustadalléen 23C, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bogdan-Cezar Iacob
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Elena Bodoki
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 12, Ion Creangă, 400010, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Falamas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Tosa
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina M Muntean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cosmin Farcău
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Stefano JS, Kalinke C, da Rocha RG, Rocha DP, da Silva VAOP, Bonacin JA, Angnes L, Richter EM, Janegitz BC, Muñoz RAA. Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors Enabled by Fused Deposition Modeling-Based 3D Printing: A Guide to Selecting Designs, Printing Parameters, and Post-Treatment Protocols. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6417-6429. [PMID: 35348329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 3D printing (or additive manufacturing, AM) technology is capable to provide a quick and easy production of objects with freedom of design, reducing waste generation. Among the AM techniques, fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been highlighted due to its affordability, scalability, and possibility of processing an extensive range of materials (thermoplastics, composites, biobased materials, etc.). The possibility of obtaining electrochemical cells, arrays, pieces, and more recently, electrodes, exactly according to the demand, in varied shapes and sizes, and employing the desired materials has made from 3D printing technology an indispensable tool in electroanalysis. In this regard, the obtention of an FDM 3D printer has great advantages for electroanalytical laboratories, and its use is relatively simple. Some care has to be taken to aid the user to take advantage of the great potential of this technology, avoiding problems such as solution leakages, very common in 3D printed cells, providing well-sealed objects, with high quality. In this sense, herein, we present a complete protocol regarding the use of FDM 3D printers for the fabrication of complete electrochemical systems, including (bio)sensors, and how to improve the quality of the obtained systems. A guide from the initial printing stages, regarding the design and structure obtention, to the final application, including the improvement of obtained 3D printed electrodes for different purposes, is provided here. Thus, this protocol can provide great perspectives and alternatives for 3D printing in electroanalysis and aid the user to understand and solve several problems with the use of this technology in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Santos Stefano
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Kalinke
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Gomes da Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego Pessoa Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Paraná, 85200-000, Pitanga, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Alves Bonacin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mathias Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shergill RS, Farlow A, Perez F, Patel BA. 3D-printed electrochemical pestle and mortar for identification of falsified pharmaceutical tablets. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Mei L, Shi Y, Shi Y, Yan P, Lin C, Sun Y, Wei B, Li J. Multivalent SnO 2 quantum dot-decorated Ti 3C 2 MXene for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of Sudan I in food. Analyst 2022; 147:5557-5563. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor was fabricated by SnO2 quantum dot-decorated Ti3C2 MXene for the highly sensitive detection of Sudan I in food. This sensor with good selectivity, precision and accuracy can be used in monitoring illegal food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mei
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yange Shi
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
| | - Pengpeng Yan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Lin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
| | - Bingjie Wei
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China
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18
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Comparing electrochemical pre-treated 3D printed native and mechanically polished electrode surfaces for analytical sensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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