1
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Zhu Y. Improved elution strategy and new monoclonal anti-biotin antibody for LC-MS/MS characterization of protein biotinylation sites. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101711. [PMID: 38681669 PMCID: PMC11052901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Biotin labeling in combination with mass spectrometry has been widely applied in large-scale biological studies, such as determination of protein partners, protein subcellular localization, and protein post-translational modifications. Previous studies have shown that immunoaffinity enrichment is a better method than streptavidin/avidin purification for site-specific studies of biotinylated molecules. In this study, we made a crucial improvement to the elution phase of the immunoaffinity enrichment step for biotinylated peptides, which involves the addition of a highly organic solvent, and developed a monoclonal anti-biotin antibody that improved the identification number for biotinylated peptides. We then demonstrated its application in the characterization of protein interaction sites for the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) by proximity labeling in living cells. Our research provides an improved and reproducible immunoaffinity enrichment method for site-specific biotin-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhu
- Tsinghua University and Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Chemistry Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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2
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Swamidatta SH, Lichman BR. Beyond co-expression: pathway discovery for plant pharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 88:103147. [PMID: 38833915 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been an important source of medicinal molecules since ancient times. To gain access to the whole diversity of these molecules for pharmaceutical applications, it is important to understand their biosynthetic origins. Whilst co-expression is a reliable tool for identifying gene candidates, a variety of complementary methods can aid in screening or refining candidate selection. Here, we review recently employed plant biosynthetic pathway discovery approaches, and highlight future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh H Swamidatta
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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3
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Vollen K, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Sourcing DNA parts for synthetic biology applications in plants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103140. [PMID: 38723389 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Transgenic approaches are now standard in plant biology research aiming to characterize gene function or improve crops. Recent advances in DNA synthesis and assembly make constructing transgenes a routine task. What remains nontrivial is the selection of the DNA parts and optimization of the transgene design. Early career researchers and seasoned molecular biologists alike often face difficult decisions on what promoter or terminator to use, what tag to include, and where to place it. This review aims to inform about the current approaches being employed to identify and characterize DNA parts with the desired functionalities and give general advice on basic construct design. Furthermore, we hope to share the excitement about new experimental and computational tools being developed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Vollen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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4
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K. Raval P, MacLeod AI, Gould SB. A molecular atlas of plastid and mitochondrial proteins reveals organellar remodeling during plant evolutionary transitions from algae to angiosperms. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002608. [PMID: 38713727 PMCID: PMC11135702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Algae and plants carry 2 organelles of endosymbiotic origin that have been co-evolving in their host cells for more than a billion years. The biology of plastids and mitochondria can differ significantly across major lineages and organelle changes likely accompanied the adaptation to new ecological niches such as the terrestrial habitat. Based on organelle proteome data and the genomes of 168 phototrophic (Archaeplastida) versus a broad range of 518 non-phototrophic eukaryotes, we screened for changes in plastid and mitochondrial biology across 1 billion years of evolution. Taking into account 331,571 protein families (or orthogroups), we identify 31,625 protein families that are unique to primary plastid-bearing eukaryotes. The 1,906 and 825 protein families are predicted to operate in plastids and mitochondria, respectively. Tracing the evolutionary history of these protein families through evolutionary time uncovers the significant remodeling the organelles experienced from algae to land plants. The analyses of gained orthogroups identifies molecular changes of organelle biology that connect to the diversification of major lineages and facilitated major transitions from chlorophytes en route to the global greening and origin of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth K. Raval
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander I. MacLeod
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven B. Gould
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Cronan JE. Biotin protein ligase as you like it: Either extraordinarily specific or promiscuous protein biotinylation. Proteins 2024; 92:435-448. [PMID: 37997490 PMCID: PMC10932917 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Biotin (vitamin H or B7) is a coenzyme essential for all forms of life. Biotin has biological activity only when covalently attached to a few key metabolic enzyme proteins. Most organisms have only one attachment enzyme, biotin protein ligase (BPL), which attaches biotin to all target proteins. The sequences of these proteins and their substrate proteins are strongly conserved throughout biology. Structures of both the biotin ligase- and biotin-acceptor domains of mammals, plants, several bacterial species, and archaea have been determined. These, together with mutational analyses of ligases and their protein substrates, illustrate the exceptional specificity of this protein modification. For example, the Escherichia coli BPL biotinylates only one of the >4000 cellular proteins. Several bifunctional bacterial biotin ligases transcriptionally regulate biotin synthesis and/or transport in concert with biotinylation. The human BPL has been demonstrated to play an important role in that mutations in the BPL encoding gene cause one form of the disease, biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. Promiscuous mutant versions of several BPL enzymes release biotinoyl-AMP, the active intermediate of the ligase reaction, to solvent. The released biotinoyl-AMP acts as a chemical biotinylation reagent that modifies lysine residues of neighboring proteins in vivo. This proximity-dependent biotinylation (called BioID) approach has been heavily utilized in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Cronan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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6
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Feng L, Zhou J, Zhu D, Gao C. TurboID-based proximity labeling accelerates discovery of neighboring proteins in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:383-384. [PMID: 37949706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danting Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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7
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Liu C, Mentzelopoulou A, Hatzianestis IH, Tzagkarakis E, Skaltsogiannis V, Ma X, Michalopoulou VA, Romero-Campero FJ, Romero-Losada AB, Sarris PF, Marhavy P, Bölter B, Kanterakis A, Gutierrez-Beltran E, Moschou PN. A proxitome-RNA-capture approach reveals that processing bodies repress coregulated hub genes. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:559-584. [PMID: 37971938 PMCID: PMC10896293 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellular condensates are usually ribonucleoprotein assemblies with liquid- or solid-like properties. Because these subcellular structures lack a delineating membrane, determining their compositions is difficult. Here we describe a proximity-biotinylation approach for capturing the RNAs of the condensates known as processing bodies (PBs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). By combining this approach with RNA detection, in silico, and high-resolution imaging approaches, we studied PBs under normal conditions and heat stress. PBs showed a much more dynamic RNA composition than the total transcriptome. RNAs involved in cell wall development and regeneration, plant hormonal signaling, secondary metabolism/defense, and RNA metabolism were enriched in PBs. RNA-binding proteins and the liquidity of PBs modulated RNA recruitment, while RNAs were frequently recruited together with their encoded proteins. In PBs, RNAs follow distinct fates: in small liquid-like PBs, RNAs get degraded while in more solid-like larger ones, they are stored. PB properties can be regulated by the actin-polymerizing SCAR (suppressor of the cyclic AMP)-WAVE (WASP family verprolin homologous) complex. SCAR/WAVE modulates the shuttling of RNAs between PBs and the translational machinery, thereby adjusting ethylene signaling. In summary, we provide an approach to identify RNAs in condensates that allowed us to reveal a mechanism for regulating RNA fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Andriani Mentzelopoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Ioannis H Hatzianestis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | | | - Vasileios Skaltsogiannis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Xuemin Ma
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vassiliki A Michalopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Francisco J Romero-Campero
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville 41012, Spain
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ana B Romero-Losada
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville 41012, Spain
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter Marhavy
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bettina Bölter
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Plant Biochemistry, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Alexandros Kanterakis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Beltran
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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8
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Grismer TS, Karundasa SS, Shrestha R, Byun D, Ni W, Reyes AV, Xu SL. Workflow enhancement of TurboID-mediated proximity labeling for SPY signaling network mapping. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.17.580820. [PMID: 38405906 PMCID: PMC10888891 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.17.580820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
TurboID-based proximity labeling coupled to mass spectrometry (PL-MS) has emerged as a powerful tool for mapping protein-protein interactions in both plant and animal systems. Despite advances in sensitivity, PL-MS studies can still suffer from false negatives, especially when dealing with low abundance bait proteins and their transient interactors. Protein-level enrichment for biotinylated proteins is well developed and popular, but direct detection of biotinylated proteins by peptide-level enrichment and the difference in results between direct and indirect detection remain underexplored. To address this gap, we compared and improved enrichment and data analysis methods using TurboID fused to SPY, a low-abundance O-fucose transferase, using an AAL-enriched SPY target library for cross-referencing. Our results showed that MyOne and M280 streptavidin beads significantly outperformed antibody beads for peptide-level enrichment, with M280 performing best. In addition, while a biotin concentration ≤ 50 μM is recommended for protein-level enrichment in plants, higher biotin concentrations can be used for peptide-level enrichment, allowing us to improve detection and data quality. FragPipe's MSFragger protein identification and quantification software outperformed Maxquant and Protein Prospector for SPY interactome enrichment due to its superior detection of biotinylated peptides. Our improved washing protocols for protein-level enrichment mitigated bead collapse issues, improving data quality, and reducing experimental time. We found that the two enrichment methods provided complementary results and identified a total of 160 SPY-TurboID-enriched interactors, including 60 previously identified in the AAL-enriched SPY target list and 100 additional novel interactors. SILIA quantitative proteomics comparing WT and spy-4 mutants showed that SPY affects the protein levels of some of the identified interactors, such as nucleoporin proteins. We expect that our improvement will extend beyond TurboID to benefit other PL systems and hold promise for broader applications in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaraBryn S Grismer
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sumudu S Karundasa
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ruben Shrestha
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Danbi Byun
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Weimin Ni
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andres V Reyes
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
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9
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Tan H, Zhou Y, Dinius E, Lozano-Durán R. The Ti-TAN plasmid toolbox for TurboID-based proximity labeling assays in Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:166-168. [PMID: 38294100 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The Ti-TAN TurboID plasmid toolbox enables proximity labeling applications in transient assays in Nicotiana benthamiana in a fast and cost-efficient manner, making TurboID-based proximity labeling broadly accessible to plant scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Tan
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Erik Dinius
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
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10
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Powers J, Zhang X, Reyes AV, Zavaliev R, Xu SL, Dong X. Next-generation mapping of the salicylic acid signaling hub and transcriptional cascade. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574047. [PMID: 38260692 PMCID: PMC10802274 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
For over 60 years, salicylic acid (SA) has been known as a plant immune signal required for both basal and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SA activates these immune responses by reprogramming up to 20% of the transcriptome through the function of NPR1. However, components in the NPR1-signaling hub, which appears as nuclear condensates, and the NPR1- signaling cascade remained elusive due to difficulties in studying transcriptional cofactors whose chromatin associations are often indirect and transient. To overcome this challenge, we applied TurboID to divulge the NPR1-proxiome, which detected almost all known NPR1-interactors as well as new components of transcription-related complexes. Testing of new components showed that chromatin remodeling and histone demethylation contribute to SA-induced resistance. Globally, NPR1-proxiome shares a striking similarity to GBPL3-proxiome involved in SA synthesis, except associated transcription factors (TFs), suggesting that common regulatory modules are recruited to reprogram specific transcriptomes by transcriptional cofactors, like NPR1, through binding to unique TFs. Stepwise greenCUT&RUN analyses showed that, upon SA-induction, NPR1 initiates the transcriptional cascade primarily through association with TGA TFs to induce expression of secondary TFs, predominantly WRKYs. WRKY54 and WRKY70 then play a major role in inducing immune-output genes without interacting with NPR1 at the chromatin. Moreover, a loss of NPR1 condensate formation decreases its chromatin-association and transcriptional activity, indicating the importance of condensates in organizing the NPR1- signaling hub and initiating the transcriptional cascade. This study demonstrates how combinatorial applications of TurboID and stepwise greenCUT&RUN transcend traditional genetic methods to globally map signaling hubs and transcriptional cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Powers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Andres V. Reyes
- Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Raul Zavaliev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Guo J, Guo S, Lu S, Gong J, Wang L, Ding L, Chen Q, Liu W. The development of proximity labeling technology and its applications in mammals, plants, and microorganisms. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:269. [PMID: 37777761 PMCID: PMC10544124 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein‒protein, protein‒RNA, and protein‒DNA interaction networks form the basis of cellular regulation and signal transduction, making it crucial to explore these interaction networks to understand complex biological processes. Traditional methods such as affinity purification and yeast two-hybrid assays have been shown to have limitations, as they can only isolate high-affinity molecular interactions under nonphysiological conditions or in vitro. Moreover, these methods have shortcomings for organelle isolation and protein subcellular localization. To address these issues, proximity labeling techniques have been developed. This technology not only overcomes the limitations of traditional methods but also offers unique advantages in studying protein spatial characteristics and molecular interactions within living cells. Currently, this technique not only is indispensable in research on mammalian nucleoprotein interactions but also provides a reliable approach for studying nonmammalian cells, such as plants, parasites and viruses. Given these advantages, this article provides a detailed introduction to the principles of proximity labeling techniques and the development of labeling enzymes. The focus is on summarizing the recent applications of TurboID and miniTurbo in mammals, plants, and microorganisms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Medicine Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Siao Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Jun Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Liqiong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China.
| | - Wu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China.
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