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Jiang J, He K, Wang X, Zhang Y, Guo X, Qian L, Gao X, Liu S. Transcriptional dynamics of Fusarium pseudograminearum under high fungicide stress and the important role of FpZRA1 in fungal pathogenicity and DON toxin production. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133662. [PMID: 39025188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot, poses a significant threat to cereal crops. Building upon our previous investigation of the transcriptional response of this pathogen to four key fungicides (carbendazim, phenamacril, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole), this study delves into the impact of elevated fungicide concentrations using RNA-seq. Global transcriptomic analysis and gene clustering revealed significant enrichment of genes involved in the ABC transporter pathway. Among these transporters, FPSE_06011 (FpZRA1), a conserved gene in eukaryotes, exhibited consistent upregulation at both low and high fungicide concentrations. Targeted deletion of FpZRA1 resulted in reduced sporulation, spore germination, and tolerance to cell wall stress, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the FpZRA1 knockout mutants exhibited decreased pathogenicity on wheat coleoptiles and reduced production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), as evidenced by the markedly down-regulated expression of TRI5, TRI6, and TRI10 in the RT-qPCR analysis. In summary, our findings highlight the impact of fungicide concentration on transcriptional reprogramming in F. pseudograminearum and identify FpZRA1 as a critical regulator of fungal development, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Kai He
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xuhao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Le Qian
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Plant Protection, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Møller-Hansen I, Sáez-Sáez J, van der Hoek SA, Dyekjær JD, Christensen HB, Wright Muelas M, O’Hagan S, Kell DB, Borodina I. Deorphanizing solute carriers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for secondary uptake of xenobiotic compounds. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1376653. [PMID: 38680917 PMCID: PMC11045925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The exchange of small molecules between the cell and the environment happens through transporter proteins. Besides nutrients and native metabolic products, xenobiotic molecules are also transported, however it is not well understood which transporters are involved. In this study, by combining exo-metabolome screening in yeast with transporter characterization in Xenopus oocytes, we mapped the activity of 30 yeast transporters toward six small non-toxic substrates. Firstly, using LC-MS, we determined 385 compounds from a chemical library that were imported and exported by S. cerevisiae. Of the 385 compounds transported by yeast, we selected six compounds (viz. sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 2-methylpyrazine, cefadroxil, acrylic acid, 2-benzoxazolol) for characterization against 30 S. cerevisiae xenobiotic transport proteins expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The compounds were selected to represent a diverse set of chemicals with a broad interest in applied microbiology. Twenty transporters showed activity toward one or more of the compounds. The tested transporter proteins were mostly promiscuous in equilibrative transport (i.e., facilitated diffusion). The compounds 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 2-methylpyrazine, cefadroxil, and sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were transported equilibratively by transporters that could transport up to three of the compounds. In contrast, the compounds acrylic acid and 2-benzoxazolol, were strictly transported by dedicated transporters. The prevalence of promiscuous equilibrative transporters of non-native substrates has significant implications for strain development in biotechnology and offers an explanation as to why transporter engineering has been a challenge in metabolic engineering. The method described here can be generally applied to study the transport of other small non-toxic molecules. The yeast transporter library is available at AddGene (ID 79999).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Møller-Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Javier Sáez-Sáez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jane D. Dyekjær
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanne B. Christensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marina Wright Muelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steve O’Hagan
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Kulagin KA, Starodubova ES, Osipova PJ, Lipatova AV, Cherdantsev IA, Poddubko SV, Karpov VL, Karpov DS. Synergistic Effect of a Combination of Proteasome and Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors in a Biochemical Model of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a Glioblastoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3977. [PMID: 38612788 PMCID: PMC11011839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are used in the therapy of several cancers, and clinical trials are underway for their use in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). However, GBM becomes resistant to chemotherapy relatively rapidly. Recently, the overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) genes was found to mediate therapy resistance in GBM. The use of combinations of chemotherapeutic agents is considered a promising direction in cancer therapy. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of proteasome and RNR inhibitors in yeast and GBM cell models. We have shown that impaired proteasome function results in increased levels of RNR subunits and increased enzyme activity in yeast. Co-administration of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the RNR inhibitor hydroxyurea was found to significantly reduce the growth rate of S. cerevisiae yeast. Accordingly, the combination of bortezomib and another RNR inhibitor gemcitabine reduced the survival of DBTRG-05MG compared to the HEK293 cell line. Thus, yeast can be used as a simple model to evaluate the efficacy of combinations of proteasome and RNR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A. Kulagin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.K.); (E.S.S.); (P.J.O.); (A.V.L.); (I.A.C.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elizaveta S. Starodubova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.K.); (E.S.S.); (P.J.O.); (A.V.L.); (I.A.C.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pamila J. Osipova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.K.); (E.S.S.); (P.J.O.); (A.V.L.); (I.A.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia V. Lipatova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.K.); (E.S.S.); (P.J.O.); (A.V.L.); (I.A.C.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor A. Cherdantsev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.K.); (E.S.S.); (P.J.O.); (A.V.L.); (I.A.C.)
| | - Svetlana V. Poddubko
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vadim L. Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry S. Karpov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.K.); (E.S.S.); (P.J.O.); (A.V.L.); (I.A.C.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Feng Y, An Q, Zhao Z, Wu M, Yang C, Liang W, Xu X, Jiang T, Zhang G. Beta-elemene: A phytochemical with promise as a drug candidate for tumor therapy and adjuvant tumor therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116266. [PMID: 38350368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Elemene (IUPAC name: (1 S,2 S,4 R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohexane), is a natural compound found in turmeric root. Studies have demonstrated its diverse biological functions, including its anti-tumor properties, which have been extensively investigated. However, these have not yet been reviewed. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of β-elemene research, with respect to disease treatment. METHODS β-Elemene-related articles were found in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to systematically summarize its structure, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and pharmacological activity. We also searched the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database for therapeutic targets of β-elemene. We further combined these targets with the relevant literature for KEGG and GO analyses. RESULTS Studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying β-elemene activity indicate that it regulates multiple pathways, including STAT3, MAPKs, Cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B, Notch, PI3K/AKT, reactive oxygen species, METTL3, PTEN, p53, FAK, MMP, TGF-β/Smad signaling. Through these molecular pathways, β-elemene has been implicated in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion and improving the immune microenvironment. Additionally, β-elemene increases chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and reverses resistance by inhibiting DNA damage repair and regulating pathways including CTR1, pak1, ERK1/2, ABC transporter protein, Prx-1 and ERCC-1. Nonetheless, owing to its lipophilicity and low bioavailability, additional structural modifications could improve the efficacy of this drug. CONCLUSION β-Elemene exhibits low toxicity with good safety, inhibiting various tumor types via diverse mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. When combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, it enhances efficacy, reduces toxicity, and improves tumor killing. Thus, β-elemene has vast potential for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewen Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Qingwen An
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhengqi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chuqi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - WeiYu Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xuefei Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Guangji Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Ma X, Liu Z, Zeng X, Li Z, Luo R, Liu R, Wang C, Gu Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Medium-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Superfamily of Trichosporon asahii and Its Involvement in the Regulation of Fluconazole Resistance. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:123. [PMID: 38392795 PMCID: PMC10889790 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily contains many members that are widely present in organisms and play important roles in growth, metabolism, and stress resistance but have not been studied in Trichosporon asahii. In this study, bioinformatics and RNA sequencing methods were used to analyze the MDR superfamily of T. asahii and its regulatory effect on fluconazole resistance. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and T. asahii, and 73 MDRs were identified, all of which contained NADPH-binding motifs. T. asahii contained 20 MDRs that were unevenly distributed across six chromosomes. T. asahii MDRs (TaMDRs) had similar 3D structures but varied greatly in their genetic evolution at different phylum levels. RNA-seq and gene expression analyses revealed that the fluconazole-resistant T. asahii strain upregulates xylitol dehydrogenase, and downregulated alcohol dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase concluded that the fluconazole-resistant T. asahii strain was less selective toward carbon sources and had higher adaptability to the environment. Overall, our study contributes to our understanding of TaMDRs, providing a basis for further analysis of the genes associated with drug resistance in T. asahii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu 611800, China
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Rivetta A, Slayman C. Electrophysiology of fluoride channels in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Methods Enzymol 2024; 696:3-24. [PMID: 38658085 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Tight regulation of molecules moving through the cell membrane is particularly important for free-living microorganisms because of their small cell volumes and frequent changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular environment. This is true for nutrients, but even more so for toxic molecules. Traditionally, the transport of these diverse molecules in microorganisms has been studied on cell populations rather than on single cells, mainly because of technical difficulties. The goal of this chapter is to make available a detailed method to prepare yeast spheroplasts to study the movement of fluoride ions across the plasma membrane of single cells by the patch-clamp technique. In this procedure, three steps are critical to achieve high resistance (GΩ) seals between the membrane and the glass electrode: (1) appropriate removal of the cell wall by enzymatic treatment; (2) balance between the osmotic strength of sealing solutions and cell membrane turgor; and (3) meticulous morphological inspection of spheroplasts suitable for gigaseal formation. We show now that this method, originally developed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can also be applied to Candida albicans, an opportunistic human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rivetta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Clifford Slayman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Huang G, Li J, Lin J, Duan C, Yan G. Multi-modular metabolic engineering and efflux engineering for enhanced lycopene production in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae015. [PMID: 38621758 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Lycopene has been widely used in the food industry and medical field due to its antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, achieving efficient manufacture of lycopene using chassis cells on an industrial scale remains a major challenge. Herein, we attempted to integrate multiple metabolic engineering strategies to establish an efficient and balanced lycopene biosynthetic system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, the lycopene synthesis pathway was modularized to sequentially enhance the metabolic flux of the mevalonate pathway, the acetyl-CoA supply module, and lycopene exogenous enzymatic module. The modular operation enabled the efficient conversion of acetyl-CoA to downstream pathway of lycopene synthesis, resulting in a 3.1-fold increase of lycopene yield. Second, we introduced acetate as an exogenous carbon source and utilized an acetate-repressible promoter to replace the natural ERG9 promoter. This approach not only enhanced the supply of acetyl-CoA but also concurrently diminished the flux toward the competitive ergosterol pathway. As a result, a further 42.3% increase in lycopene production was observed. Third, we optimized NADPH supply and mitigated cytotoxicity by overexpressing ABC transporters to promote lycopene efflux. The obtained strain YLY-PDR11 showed a 12.7-fold increase in extracellular lycopene level compared to the control strain. Finally, the total lycopene yield reached 343.7 mg/L, which was 4.3 times higher than that of the initial strain YLY-04. Our results demonstrate that combining multi-modular metabolic engineering with efflux engineering is an effective approach to improve the production of lycopene. This strategy can also be applied to the overproduction of other desirable isoprenoid compounds with similar synthesis and storage patterns in S. cerevisiae. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY In this research, lycopene production in yeast was markedly enhanced by integrating a multi-modular approach, acetate signaling-based down-regulation of competitive pathways, and an efflux optimization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Huang
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyuan Lin
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoliang Yan
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Kaur A, Sharma K, Sharma N, Aggarwal G. An Insight into the Repurposing of Phytoconstituents obtained from Delhi's Aravalli Biodiversity Park as Antifungal Agents. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:e020224226666. [PMID: 38305295 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265282411240119061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The global prevalence of fungal infections is alarming in both the pre- and post- COVID period. Due to a limited number of antifungal drugs, there are hurdles in treatment strategies for fungal infections due to toxic potential, drug interactions, and the development of fungal resistance. All the antifungal targets (existing and newer) and pipeline molecules showing promise against these targets are reviewed. The objective was to predict or repurpose phyto-based antifungal compounds based on a dual target inhibition approach (Sterol-14-α- demethylase and HSP-90) using a case study. In pursuit of repurposing the phytochemicals as antifungal agents, a team of researchers visited Aravalli Biodiversity Park (ABP), Delhi, India, to collect information on available medicinal plants. From 45 plants, a total of 1149 ligands were collected, and virtual screening was performed using Schrodinger Suite 2016 software to get 83 hits against both the target proteins: Sterol-14-α-demethylase and HSP-90. After analysis of docking results, ligands were selected based on their interaction against both the target proteins and comparison with respective standard ligands (fluconazole and ganetespib). We have selected Isocarthamidin, Quercetin and Boeravinone B based on their docking score and binding interaction against the HSP-90 (Docking Score -9.65, -9.22 and -9.21, respectively) and 14-α-demethylase (Docking Score -9.19, -10.76 and -9.74 respectively). The docking protocol was validated and MM/GBSA studies depicted better stability of selected three ligands (Isocarthamidin, Quercetin, Boeravinone B) complex as compared to standard complex. Further, MD simulation studies were performed using the Desmond (67) software package version 2018-4. All the findings are presented as a case study for the prediction of dual targets for the repurposing of certain phytochemicals as antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, M.B. Road, Sector III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, M.B. Road, Sector III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Neetika Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, M.B. Road, Sector III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, M.B. Road, Sector III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
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Li R, Hu Y, Xu Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Liu Q, Yu B. Safety assessment, whole genome sequence, and metabolome analysis of Streptococcus thermophilus CICC 20372 for bone cement fermentation. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:21. [PMID: 38095705 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a kind of meat processing by-product with high nutritional value but low in calorie, which is a typical food in China and parts of East Asian countries. Microbial fermentation by lactic acid bacteria showed remarkable advantages to increase the absorption of nutrients from bone cement by human body. Streptococcus thermophilus CICC 20372 is proven to be a good starter for bone cement fermentation. No genes encoding virulence traits or virulence factors were found in the genome of S. thermophilus CICC 20372 by a thorough genomic analysis. Its notable absence of antibiotic resistance further solidifies the safety. Furthermore, the genomic analysis identified four types of gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites. A comparative metabolomic analysis was performed by cultivating the strain in bone cement at 37 °C for 72 h, with the culture in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium as control. Metabolome analysis results highlighted the upregulation of pathways involved in 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, amino acid synthesis, and nucleotide metabolism during bone cement fermentation. S. thermophilus CICC 20372 produces several metabolites with health-promoting function during bone cement fermentation, including indole-3-lactic acid, which is demonstrated ameliorative effects on intestinal inflammation, tumor growth, and gut dysbiosis. In addition, lots of nucleotide and organic acids were accumulated at higher levels, which enriched the fermented bone cement with a variety of nutrients. Collectively, these features endow S. thermophilus CICC 20372 a great potential strain for bone food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshan Li
- Inner Mongolia Peptide (Mengtai) Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Hohhot, 011500, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yangfan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Inner Mongolia Peptide (Mengtai) Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Hohhot, 011500, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Peptide (Mengtai) Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Hohhot, 011500, China
| | - Yunfang Li
- Inner Mongolia Peptide (Mengtai) Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Hohhot, 011500, China
| | - Qing Liu
- General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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10
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Stover KR, Hawkins BK, Keck JM, Barber KE, Cretella DA. Antifungal resistance, combinations and pipeline: oh my! Drugs Context 2023; 12:2023-7-1. [PMID: 38021410 PMCID: PMC10653594 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are a strong contributor to healthcare costs, morbidity and mortality, especially amongst hospitalized patients. Historically, Candida was responsible for approximately 15% of all nosocomial bloodstream infections. In the past 10 years, the epidemiology of Candida species has altered, with increasing prevalence of resistant species. With rising fungal resistance, especially in Candida spp., the demand for novel antifungal therapies has exponentially increased over the last decade. Newer antifungal agents have become an attractive option for patients needing long-term therapy for infections or those requiring antifungal prophylaxis. Despite advances in coverage of non-Candida pathogens with newer agents, clinical scenarios involving multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens continue to arise in practice. Combination antifungal therapy can lead to a host of side-effects, some of which can be drug limiting. Additional antifungal therapies with enhanced fungal spectrum of activity and decreased rates of adverse effects are warranted. Fosmanogepix, ibrexafungerp, olorofim and rezafungin may help fill some of these gaps in the antifungal armamentarium. This article is part of the Challenges and strategies in the management of invasive fungal infections Special Issue: https://www.drugsincontext.com/special_issues/challenges-and-strategies-in-the-management-of-invasive-fungal-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Stover
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Brandon K Hawkins
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J Myles Keck
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Katie E Barber
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - David A Cretella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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11
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Kamal M, Tokmakjian L, Knox J, Han D, Moshiri H, Magomedova L, Nguyen KCQ, Zheng H, Burns AR, Cooke B, Lacoste J, Yeo M, Hall DH, Cummins CL, Roy PJ. PGP-14 establishes a polar lipid permeability barrier within the C. elegans pharyngeal cuticle. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011008. [PMID: 37930961 PMCID: PMC10653525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuticles of ecdysozoan animals are barriers to material loss and xenobiotic insult. Key to this barrier is lipid content, the establishment of which is poorly understood. Here, we show that the p-glycoprotein PGP-14 functions coincidently with the sphingomyelin synthase SMS-5 to establish a polar lipid barrier within the pharyngeal cuticle of the nematode C. elegans. We show that PGP-14 and SMS-5 are coincidentally expressed in the epithelium that surrounds the anterior pharyngeal cuticle where PGP-14 localizes to the apical membrane. pgp-14 and sms-5 also peak in expression at the time of new cuticle synthesis. Loss of PGP-14 and SMS-5 dramatically reduces pharyngeal cuticle staining by Nile Red, a key marker of polar lipids, and coincidently alters the nematode's response to a wide-range of xenobiotics. We infer that PGP-14 exports polar lipids into the developing pharyngeal cuticle in an SMS-5-dependent manner to safeguard the nematode from environmental insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntasir Kamal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Levon Tokmakjian
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Knox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duhyun Han
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Houtan Moshiri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lilia Magomedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken CQ Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew R. Burns
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany Cooke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Lacoste
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - May Yeo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H. Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Carolyn L. Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J. Roy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Yang B, Wei Z, Wu M, Lai Y, Zhao W. A clinical analysis of Candida tropicalis bloodstream infections associated with hematological diseases, and antifungal susceptibility: a retrospective survey. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1092175. [PMID: 37520379 PMCID: PMC10375698 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary objective To assess the clinical features and outcomes of hematological disease patients with Candida tropicalis bloodstream infections and determine the antifungal susceptibility of C. tropicalis. Methods This is a retrospective, single-center, observational study conducted in the Department of Hematology at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2013 to December 2021. A total of 26 hematological disease patients with C. tropicalis bloodstream infections were enrolled, and their clinical features, treatment plans, and prognoses were assessed. Univariate analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate analysis was conducted using a Cox regression model. The antifungal susceptibility of C. tropicalis was determined from patient blood cultures. Results The patients had a mean age of 35 years (range: 10-65 years), 50% were male (13/26) and 88.5% had hematologic malignancies (23/26) while the remaining three patients included two cases of severe aplastic anemia and one case of β-thalassemia. All patients had neutropenia. Seven patients were initially given azole alone (26.9%), five of whom failed treatment and died (71.4%). Fifteen patients were treated with echinocandin (57.7%), three of whom failed treatment and died (20.0%), and eight patients were treated with amphotericin B (30.8%), two of whom failed treatment and died (25.0%). The total and attributable mortality rates were 42.3 and 34.6%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there are six risk factors for attributable deaths among hematological disease patients with C. tropicalis blood infections. These risk factors included septic shock, Pitt bacteremia scores ≥4, procalcitonin levels ≥10 ng/mL, positive plasma (1,3)- β-D glucan assay, serum albumin levels <30.0 g/L, time from fever to antifungal treatment initiation ≥5 days and time between neutropenia and antifungal treatment ≥10 days. Moreover, skin and mucosal infections and a treatment schedule that included amphotericin B and drug combinations are protective factors for attributable deaths. Multivariate analysis showed that septic shock (p = 0.006) was an independent risk factor for attributable death. All isolates were sensitive to flucytosine and amphotericin B. The intermediate or resistance of C. tropicalis to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were 41.7, 50, and 41.7%, respectively. Conclusion Hematological disease patients with C. tropicalis bloodstream infections had a high mortality rate, and early antifungal therapy significantly reduced mortality. Candida tropicalis was highly resistant to azole drugs and sensitive to flucytosine and amphotericin B. According to our study, the preferred agent is amphotericin B and drug combinations should be considered for severe infections.
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13
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Amann V, Kissmann AK, Mildenberger V, Krebs I, Perez-Erviti JA, Martell-Huguet EM, Otero-Gonzalez AJ, Morales-Vicente F, Rodríguez-Castaño GP, Firacative C, Rodríguez A, Ständker L, Weil T, Spellerberg B, Stenger S, Rosenau F. Cm-p5 Peptide Dimers Inhibit Biofilms of Candida albicans Clinical Isolates, C. parapsilosis and Fluconazole-Resistant Mutants of C. auris. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9788. [PMID: 37372935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising class of therapeutic biomolecules that show antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganisms, including life-threatening pathogens. In contrast to classic AMPs with membrane-disrupting activities, new peptides with a specific anti-biofilm effect are gaining in importance since biofilms could be the most important way of life, especially for pathogens, as the interaction with host tissues is crucial for the full development of their virulence in the event of infection. Therefore, in a previous study, two synthetic dimeric derivatives (parallel Dimer 1 and antiparallel Dimer 2) of the AMP Cm-p5 showed specific inhibition of the formation of Candida auris biofilms. Here we show that these derivatives are also dose-dependently effective against de novo biofilms that are formed by the widespread pathogenic yeasts C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. Moreover, the activity of the peptides was demonstrated even against two fluconazole-resistant strains of C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Amann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kissmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Mildenberger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Imke Krebs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julio A Perez-Erviti
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 Str. and I Str., La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Ernesto M Martell-Huguet
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 Str. and I Str., La Habana 10400, Cuba
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anselmo J Otero-Gonzalez
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 Str. and I Str., La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Fidel Morales-Vicente
- Synthetic Peptides Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, La Habana 10600, Cuba
| | - Gina P Rodríguez-Castaño
- Vidarium Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Nutresa, Calle 8 sur #50-67, Medellín 050023, Colombia
| | - Carolina Firacative
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia
| | - Armando Rodríguez
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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14
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Wu Y, Ma J, Shi J, Cao S, Luo J, Zheng T, Wang M. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Arthrobacter simplex in Response to Cortisone Acetate and Its Mutants with Improved Δ 1-Dehydrogenation Efficiency. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6376-6388. [PMID: 37043686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arthrobacter simplex is extensively used for cortisone acetate (CA) biotransformation in industry, but the Δ1-dehydrogenation molecular fundamental remains unclear. Herein, the comparative proteome revealed several proteins with the potential role in this reaction, which were mainly involved in lipid or amino acid transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, steroid degradation, and transporter. The influences of six proteins were further confirmed, where pps, MceGA, yrbE4AA, yrbE4BA, and hyp2 showed positive impacts, while hyp1 exhibited a negative effect. Additionally, KsdD5 behaved as the best catalytic enzyme. By the combined manipulation in multiple genes under the control of a stronger promoter, an optimal strain with better catalytic enzyme activity, substrate transportation, and cell stress tolerance was created. After biotechnology optimization, the production peak and productivity were, respectively, boosted by 4.1- and 4.0-fold relative to the initial level. Our work broadens the understanding of the Δ1-dehydrogenation mechanism, also providing effective strategies for excellent steroid-transforming strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jianan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jinghui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jianmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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15
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Pakuła K, Sequeiros-Borja C, Biała-Leonhard W, Pawela A, Banasiak J, Bailly A, Radom M, Geisler M, Brezovsky J, Jasiński M. Restriction of access to the central cavity is a major contributor to substrate selectivity in plant ABCG transporters. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:105. [PMID: 36952129 PMCID: PMC10036432 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
ABCG46 of the legume Medicago truncatula is an ABC-type transporter responsible for highly selective translocation of the phenylpropanoids, 4-coumarate, and liquiritigenin, over the plasma membrane. To investigate molecular determinants of the observed substrate selectivity, we applied a combination of phylogenetic and biochemical analyses, AlphaFold2 structure prediction, molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis. We discovered an unusually narrow transient access path to the central cavity of MtABCG46 that constitutes an initial filter responsible for the selective translocation of phenylpropanoids through a lipid bilayer. Furthermore, we identified remote residue F562 as pivotal for maintaining the stability of this filter. The determination of individual amino acids that impact the selective transport of specialized metabolites may provide new opportunities associated with ABCGs being of interest, in many biological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Pakuła
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Carlos Sequeiros-Borja
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Biała-Leonhard
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawela
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Radom
- Department of Structural Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z.Noskowskiego12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chem. du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jan Brezovsky
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions and Transport, Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznan, Poland.
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Choi JE, Heo SH, Chung WH. Yap1-mediated Flr1 expression reveals crosstalk between oxidative stress signaling and caffeine resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1026780. [PMID: 36504777 PMCID: PMC9726721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine, a methylxanthine derivative, affects various physiological conditions such as cell growth, proliferation, and energy metabolism. A genome-wide screening for genes required for caffeine resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe revealed several candidates, including Pap1 and downstream target genes involved in caffeine efflux. We found that Yap1, a budding yeast AP-1 homolog required for oxidative stress response, has a caffeine tolerance function. Although the Yap1 mutant is not sensitive to caffeine, overexpression of Yap1 renders cells resistant to high concentrations of caffeine. Caffeine sensitivity of mutants lacking two multidrug transporters, Pdr5 or Snq2, is completely recovered by Yap1 overexpression. Among Yap1-dependent target genes, FLR1, a fluconazole-resistant gene, is necessary but not sufficient for caffeine tolerance. Low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide induce Yap1 activation, which restores cell viability against caffeine toxicity. Intriguingly, oxidative stress-mediated cellular adaptation to caffeine toxicity requires Yap1, but not Flr1. Moreover, caffeine is involved in reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as mutation rate and Rad52 foci formation. Altogether, we identified novel reciprocal crosstalk between ROS signaling and caffeine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea,Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea,Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea,Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Woo-Hyun Chung,
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17
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Vu BG, Moye-Rowley WS. Nonidentical function of Upc2A binding sites in the Candida glabrata CDR1 promoter. Genetics 2022; 222:iyac135. [PMID: 36063046 PMCID: PMC9526049 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the Candida glabrata CDR1 gene, encoding an ATP-binding cassette membrane transporter, is routinely observed in fluconazole-resistant isolates of this pathogenic yeast. CDR1 transcription has been well-documented to be due to activity of the Zn2Cys6 zinc cluster-containing transcription factor Pdr1. Gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding this factor are the most commonly observed cause of fluconazole hyper-resistance in clinical isolates. We have recently found that the sterol-responsive transcription factor Upc2A also acts to control CDR1 transcription, providing a direct link between ergosterol biosynthesis and expression of Pdr1 target genes. While this earlier work implicated Upc2A as an activator of CDR1 transcription, our further analyses revealed the presence of a second Upc2A binding site that negatively regulated CDR1 expression. This Upc2A binding site designated a sterol-responsive element (SRE) was found to have significant lower affinity for Upc2A DNA-binding than the previously described SRE. This new SRE was designated SRE2 while the original, positively acting site was named SRE1. A mutant version of SRE2 prevented in vitro DNA-binding by recombinant Upc2A and, when introduced into the CDR1 promoter, caused decreased fluconazole susceptibility and increased CDR1 expression. This negative effect caused by loss of SRE2 was shown to be Pdr1 independent, consistent with the presence of at least one additional activator of CDR1 transcription. The ability of Upc2A to exert either positive or negative effects on gene expression resembles behavior of mammalian nuclear receptor proteins and reveals an unexpectedly complex nature for SRE effects on gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Gia Vu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - William Scott Moye-Rowley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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18
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Srivastava D, Yadav A, Naqvi S, Awasthi H, Fatima Z. Efficacy of Flavonoids in Combating Fluconazole Resistant Oral Candidiasis. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1703-1713. [PMID: 35331090 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220324140257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida is an opportunistic fungus often present in the oral mucosa. In the compromised immune system, it may become pathogenic and cause oral candidiasis. This infection is more common with Candida albicans; though, non-albicans Candida spp also have significant relevance. Current treatment guidelines include polyenes, azoles and echinocandins, where fluconazole is the primary therapeutic option. However, both inherited and acquired resistance to fluconazole is exhaustively reported. The development of resistance has resulted in the worsening of the original and re-emergence of new fungal diseases. Thus, the development of an anti-candidiasis therapy with a satisfactory outcome is the urgent need of the hour. OBJECTIVE This review article aims to stimulate the research in establishing the synergistic efficacy of various flavonoids with fluconazole to combat the resistance and develop an effective pharmacotherapy for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Further, in this article, we discuss in detail the mechanisms of action of fluconazole, along with the molecular basis of development of resistance in Candida species. METHOD PubMed and other databases were used for literature search. RESULTS The designing of natural drugs from the plant- derived phytochemicals are the promising alternates in modern medicine. The challenge today is the development of alternative anti- oral candidiasis drugs with increased efficacy, bioavailability and better outcome which can combat azole resistance. Identifying the flavonoids with potential antifungal action at low concentrations seems to meet the challenges. CONCLUSION Phyto-active constituents, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics may be an effective approach to deal with global antimicrobial resistance. The efficacy of herbal therapy for decades suggests that bacteria, fungi, and viruses may have a reduced ability to adapt and resistance to these natural antimicrobial regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125,Noida,201313,India
| | - Aarti Yadav
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125,Noida,201313,India
| | - Salma Naqvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Himani Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida,201313, India
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19
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Multidrug Resistance (MDR): A Widespread Phenomenon in Pharmacological Therapies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030616. [PMID: 35163878 PMCID: PMC8839222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a leading concern in public health. It describes a complex phenotype whose predominant feature is resistance to a wide range of structurally unrelated cytotoxic compounds, many of which are anticancer agents. Multidrug resistance may be also related to antimicrobial drugs, and is known to be one of the most serious global public health threats of this century. Indeed, this phenomenon has increased both mortality and morbidity as a consequence of treatment failures and its incidence in healthcare costs. The large amounts of antibiotics used in human therapies, as well as for farm animals and even for fishes in aquaculture, resulted in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. It is not negligible that the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may further contribute to antimicrobial resistance. In this paper, multidrug resistance and antimicrobial resistance are underlined, focusing on the therapeutic options to overcome these obstacles in drug treatments. Lastly, some recent studies on nanodrug delivery systems have been reviewed since they may represent a significant approach for overcoming resistance.
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20
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Claus S, Jezierska S, Elbourne LDH, Van Bogaert I. Exploring the transportome of the biosurfactant producing yeast Starmerella bombicola. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:22. [PMID: 34998388 PMCID: PMC8742932 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Starmerella bombicola is a non-conventional yeast mainly known for its capacity to produce high amounts of the glycolipids 'sophorolipids'. Although its product has been used as biological detergent for a couple of decades, the genetics of S. bombicola are still largely unknown. Computational analysis of the yeast's genome enabled us to identify 254 putative transporter genes that make up the entire transportome. For each of them, a potential substrate was predicted using homology analysis, subcellular localization prediction and RNA sequencing in different stages of growth. One transporter family is of exceptional importance to this yeast: the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter Superfamily, because it harbors the main driver behind the highly efficient sophorolipid export. Furthermore, members of this superfamily translocate a variety of compounds ranging from antibiotics to hydrophobic molecules. We conducted an analysis of this family by creating deletion mutants to understand their role in the export of hydrophobic compounds, antibiotics and sophorolipids. Doing this, we could experimentally confirm the transporters participating in the efflux of medium chain fatty alcohols, particularly decanol and undecanol, and identify a second sophorolipid transporter that is located outside the sophorolipid biosynthetic gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Claus
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Jezierska
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liam D H Elbourne
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Inge Van Bogaert
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Ferreira JCC, Lopes C, Preto A, Gonçalves MST, Sousa MJ. Novel Nile Blue Analogue Stains Yeast Vacuolar Membrane, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Lipid Droplets, Inducing Cell Death through Vacuole Membrane Permeabilization. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110971. [PMID: 34829259 PMCID: PMC8623074 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenoxazine derivatives such as Nile Blue analogues are assumed to be increasingly relevant in cell biology due to their fluorescence staining capabilities and antifungal and anticancer activities. However, the mechanisms underlying their effects remain poorly elucidated. Using S. cerevisiae as a eukaryotic model, we found that BaP1, a novel 5- and 9-N-substituted benzo[a]phenoxazine synthesized in our laboratory, when used in low concentrations, accumulates and stains the vacuolar membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, at higher concentrations, BaP1 stains lipid droplets and induces a regulated cell death process mediated by vacuolar membrane permeabilization. BaP1 also induced mitochondrial fragmentation and depolarization but did not lead to ROS accumulation, changes in intracellular Ca2+, or loss of plasma membrane integrity. Additionally, our results show that the cell death process is dependent on the vacuolar protease Pep4p and that the vacuole permeabilization results in its translocation from the vacuole to the cytosol. In addition, although nucleic acids are commonly described as targets of benzo[a]phenoxazines, we did not find any alterations at the DNA level. Our observations highlight BaP1 as a promising molecule for pharmacological application, using vacuole membrane permeabilization as a targeted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Canossa Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Carla Lopes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- Campus of Gualtar, IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.F.); (M.J.S.)
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22
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Pavani M, Bonaiuti P, Chiroli E, Gross F, Natali F, Macaluso F, Póti Á, Pasqualato S, Farkas Z, Pompei S, Cosentino Lagomarsino M, Rancati G, Szüts D, Ciliberto A. Epistasis, aneuploidy, and functional mutations underlie evolution of resistance to induced microtubule depolymerization. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108225. [PMID: 34605051 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells with blocked microtubule polymerization are delayed in mitosis, but eventually manage to proliferate despite substantial chromosome missegregation. While several studies have analyzed the first cell division after microtubule depolymerization, we have asked how cells cope long-term with microtubule impairment. We allowed 24 clonal populations of yeast cells with beta-tubulin mutations preventing proper microtubule polymerization, to evolve for ˜150 generations. At the end of the laboratory evolution experiment, cells had regained the ability to form microtubules and were less sensitive to microtubule-depolymerizing drugs. Whole-genome sequencing identified recurrently mutated genes, in particular for tubulins and kinesins, as well as pervasive duplication of chromosome VIII. Recreating these mutations and chromosome VIII disomy prior to evolution confirmed that they allow cells to compensate for the original mutation in beta-tubulin. Most of the identified mutations did not abolish function, but rather restored microtubule functionality. Analysis of the temporal order of resistance development in independent populations repeatedly revealed the same series of events: disomy of chromosome VIII followed by a single additional adaptive mutation in either tubulins or kinesins. Since tubulins are highly conserved among eukaryotes, our results have implications for understanding resistance to microtubule-targeting drugs widely used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pavani
- IFOM, The Firc Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaiuti
- IFOM, The Firc Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Chiroli
- IFOM, The Firc Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Fridolin Gross
- IFOM, The Firc Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Natali
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ádám Póti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Human Technopole, Milano, Italy
| | - Zoltán Farkas
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Simone Pompei
- IFOM, The Firc Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Rancati
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dávid Szüts
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Ciliberto
- IFOM, The Firc Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
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23
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Liu Z, Radi M, Mohamed ETT, Feist AM, Dragone G, Mussatto SI. Adaptive laboratory evolution of Rhodosporidium toruloides to inhibitors derived from lignocellulosic biomass and genetic variations behind evolution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125171. [PMID: 33894448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate for the production of microbial lipids and carotenoids is still a challenge due to the poor tolerance of oleaginous yeasts to the inhibitors generated during biomass pretreatment. In this study, a strategy of adaptive laboratory evolution in hydrolysate-based medium was developed to improve the tolerance of Rhodosporidium toruloides to inhibitors present in biomass hydrolysate. The evolved strains presented better performance to grow in hydrolysate medium, with a significant reduction in their lag phases, and improved ability to accumulate lipids and produce carotenoids when compared to the wild-type starting strain. In the best cases, the lag phase was reduced by 72 h and resulted in lipid accumulation of 27.89 ± 0.80% (dry cell weight) and carotenoid production of 14.09 ± 0.12 mg/g (dry cell weight). Whole genome sequencing analysis indicated that the wild-type strain naturally contained tolerance-related genes, which provided a background that allowed the strain to evolve in biomass-derived inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Liu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Radi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elsayed T T Mohamed
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adam M Feist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Giuliano Dragone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, SøltoftsPlads, Building 223, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Solange I Mussatto
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, SøltoftsPlads, Building 223, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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24
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He G, Tian W, Qin L, Meng L, Wu D, Huang Y, Li D, Zhao D, He T. Identification of novel heavy metal detoxification proteins in Solanum tuberosum: Insights to improve food security protection from metal ion stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146197. [PMID: 33744586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With increasingly serious environmental pollution problems, research has focused on identifying functional genes within plants that can help ensure food security and soil governance. In particular, plants seem to have been able to evolve specific functional genes to respond to environmental changes by losing partial gene functions, thereby representing a novel adaptation mechanism. Herein, a new category of functional genes was identified and investigated, providing new directions for understanding heavy metal detoxification mechanisms. Interestingly, this category of proteins appears to exhibit specific complexing functions for heavy metals. Further, a new approach was established to evaluate ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family functions using microRNA targeted inhibition. Moreover, mutant and functional genes were identified for future research targets. Expression profiling under five heavy metal stress treatments provided an important framework to further study defense responses of plants to metal exposure. In conclusion, the new insights identified here provide a theoretical basis and reference to better understand the mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in potato plants. Further, these new data provide additional directions and foundations for mining gene resources for heavy metal tolerance genes to improve safe, green crop production and plant treatment of heavy metal soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandi He
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weijun Tian
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lijun Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lulu Meng
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Danxia Wu
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yun Huang
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Degang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Tengbing He
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of New Rural Development of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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25
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Knorre DA, Galkina KV, Shirokovskikh T, Banerjee A, Prasad R. Do Multiple Drug Resistance Transporters Interfere with Cell Functioning under Normal Conditions? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1560-1569. [PMID: 33705294 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells rely on multiple mechanisms to protect themselves from exogenous toxic compounds. For instance, cells can limit penetration of toxic molecules through the plasma membrane or sequester them within the specialized compartments. Plasma membrane transporters with broad substrate specificity confer multiple drug resistance (MDR) to cells. These transporters efflux toxic compounds at the cost of ATP hydrolysis (ABC-transporters) or proton influx (MFS-transporters). In our review, we discuss the possible costs of having an active drug-efflux system using yeast cells as an example. The pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) subfamily ABC-transporters are known to constitutively hydrolyze ATP even without any substrate stimulation or transport across the membrane. Besides, some MDR-transporters have flippase activity allowing transport of lipids from inner to outer lipid layer of the plasma membrane. Thus, excessive activity of MDR-transporters can adversely affect plasma membrane properties. Moreover, broad substrate specificity of ABC-transporters also suggests the possibility of unintentional efflux of some natural metabolic intermediates from the cells. Furthermore, in some microorganisms, transport of quorum-sensing factors is mediated by MDR transporters; thus, overexpression of the transporters can also disturb cell-to-cell communications. As a result, under normal conditions, cells keep MDR-transporter genes repressed and activate them only upon exposure to stresses. We speculate that exploiting limitations of the drug-efflux system is a promising strategy to counteract MDR in pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Knorre
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - K V Galkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - T Shirokovskikh
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A Banerjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Gurugram, 122413, India
| | - R Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Gurugram, 122413, India
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26
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Grinevich VB, Kravchuk YA, Ped VI, Sas EI, Salikova SP, Gubonina IV, Tkachenko EI, Sitkin SI, Lazebnik LB, Golovanova EV, Belousova EA, Makarchuk PA, Eremina EY, Sarsenbaeva AS, Abdulganieva DI, Tarasova LV, Gromova OA, Ratnikov VA, Kozlov KV, Ratnikova AK. Management of patients with digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Russian scientific medical society of internal medicine (RSMSIM) and the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia (2nd edition). EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021:5-82. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-187-3-5-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The presented clinical practice guidelines of the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia (GSSR), diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for patients with digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The guidelines were approved by the XXIII Congress of the GSSR and the 22nd International Slavonic-Baltic Scientifi c Forum “St. Petersburg - Gastro-2020 ON-LINE” (St. Petersburg, June 11, 2020). The presented clinical practice guidelines of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine (RSMSIM) and the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia (GSSR), diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for patients with digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations were approved at the XV National Congress of Internal Medicine, XXIII Congress of NOGR on the basis of the 1st edition, adopted at the 22nd International Slavic- Baltic Scientific Forum “St. Petersburg - Gastro-2020 ON-LINE”.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. I. Ped
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | - E. I. Sas
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | | | | | | | - S. I. Sitkin
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations of FMBA of Russia; Almazov National Medical Research Centre; North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - L. B. Lazebnik
- Moscow state University of Medicine a. Densitry named after A. I. Yevdokimov of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. V. Golovanova
- Moscow state University of Medicine a. Densitry named after A. I. Yevdokimov of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. A. Belousova
- State Budgetary Institution of Moscow Region “Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute n.a. M. F. Vladimirsky”
| | - P. A. Makarchuk
- State Budgetary Institution of Moscow Region “Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute n.a. M. F. Vladimirsky”
| | - E. Yu. Eremina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”
| | - A. S. Sarsenbaeva
- FSBEI HE SUSMU MOH Russia, st. Vorovskogo, 64, Ural Federal District
| | | | - L. V. Tarasova
- FSBEI of HE “The Chuvash State University n.a. I. N. Ulyanov”; BI of HE “The Surgut State University”
| | - O. A. Gromova
- Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management” of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - V. A. Ratnikov
- Federal state budgetary institution “North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L. G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency“
| | - K. V. Kozlov
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | - A. K. Ratnikova
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov; Federal state budgetary institution “North-West District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L. G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency“
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27
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Liu L, Jiang T, Zhou J, Mei Y, Li J, Tan J, Wei L, Li J, Peng Y, Chen C, Liu NN, Wang H. Repurposing the FDA-approved anticancer agent ponatinib as a fluconazole potentiator by suppression of multidrug efflux and Pma1 expression in a broad spectrum of yeast species. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:482-498. [PMID: 33955652 PMCID: PMC8867973 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have emerged as a major global threat to human health because of the increasing incidence and mortality rates every year. The emergence of drug resistance and limited arsenal of antifungal agents further aggravates the current situation resulting in a growing challenge in medical mycology. Here, we identified that ponatinib, an FDA‐approved antitumour drug, significantly enhanced the activity of the azole fluconazole, the most widely used antifungal drug. Further detailed investigation of ponatinib revealed that its combination with fluconazole displayed broad‐spectrum synergistic interactions against a variety of human fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. Mechanistic insights into the mode of action unravelled that ponatinib reduced the efflux of fluconazole via Pdr5 and suppressed the expression of the proton pump, Pma1. Taken together, our study identifies ponatinib as a novel antifungal that enhances drug activity of fluconazole against diverse fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yikun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingcong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Luqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yibing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Changbin Chen
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,The Nanjing Unicorn Academy of Innovation, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Swagatika S, Tomar RS. ABC transporter Pdr5 is required for cantharidin resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:141-147. [PMID: 33770579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin is a potent anti-cancer drug and is known to exert its cytotoxic effects in several cancer cell lines. Although we have ample knowledge about its mode of action, we still know a little about cantharidin associated drug resistance mechanisms which dictates the efficacy and cytotoxic potential of this drug. In this direction, in the present study we employed Sacharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism and screened mutants of pleiotropic drug resistance network of genes for their susceptibility to cantharidin. We show that growth of pdr1Δ and pdr1Δpdr3Δ was severely reduced in presence of cantharidin whereas that of pdr3Δ remain unaffected when compared to wildtype. Loss of one of the PDR1 target genes PDR5, encoding an ABC membrane efflux pump, rendered the cells hypersensitive whereas overexpression of it conferred resistance. Additionally, cantharidin induced the upregulation of both PDR1 and PDR5 genes. Interestingly, pdr1Δpdr5Δ double deletion mutants were hypersensitive to cantharidin showing a synergistic effect in its cellular detoxification. Furthermore, transcriptional activation of PDR5 post cantharidin treatment was majorly dependent on the presence of Pdr1 and less significantly of Pdr3 transcription factors. Altogether our findings suggest that Pdr1 acts to increase cantharidin resistance by elevating the level of Pdr5 which serves as a major detoxification safeguard under CAN stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Swagatika
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Raghuvir Singh Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, 462066, MP, India.
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Computational analysis of LexA regulons in Proteus species. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:131. [PMID: 33680696 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain a general understanding of the SOS system in Proteus species, in this study LexA-binding sites and the LexA regulons in 23 Proteus genomes were first predicted by phylogenetic footprinting server, then with Proteus vulgaris as an example, the expression of LexA regulon in iron limitation was investigated by proteomic analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. The results showed that LexA proteins were highly conserved in Proteus species, and were in a close phylogenetic relationship with those in Gram-negative bacteria; the core SOS response genes lexA and recA were found in all the 23 genomes, indicating that this system was widely distributed in this genus; besides that, putative LexA-binding sites were also found in the upstream sequences of some genes involved in other biological processes such as biosynthesis, drug resistance, and stress response. Proteomic and RT-qPCR analyses showed that under iron deficient condition, the expression of lexA, recA and sulA was transcriptionally upregulated (p < 0.05), lexA was also translationally upregulated but recA was on the contrary (p < 0.05), whereas another SOS response gene dinI was transcriptionally downregulated (p < 0.01). These results indicated that in response to iron deficiency, the members of LexA regulon were not regulated by the same way, suggesting the existence of a precise regulation mechanism of SOS response in P. vulgaris. In conclusion, this study provided a preliminary understanding of the SOS system in Proteus species, which laid the foundation for further investigation of its roles in SOS response and other biological processes.
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Chung WH. Pleiotropic Effects of Caffeine Leading to Chromosome Instability and Cytotoxicity in Eukaryotic Microorganisms. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:171-180. [PMID: 33397827 PMCID: PMC9706025 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2011.11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, a methylxanthine analog of purine bases, is a compound that is largely consumed in beverages and medications for psychoactive and diuretic effects and plays many beneficial roles in neuronal stimulation and enhancement of anti-tumor immune responses by blocking adenosine receptors in higher organisms. In single-cell eukaryotes, however, caffeine somehow impairs cellular fitness by compromising cell wall integrity, inhibiting target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and growth, and overriding cell cycle arrest caused by DNA damage. Among its multiple inhibitory targets, caffeine specifically interacts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinases causing radiosensitization and cytotoxicity via specialized intermediate molecules. Caffeine potentiates the lethality of cells in conjunction with several other stressors such as oxidants, irradiation, and various toxic compounds through largely unknown mechanisms. In this review, recent findings on caffeine effects and cellular detoxification schemes are highlighted and discussed with an emphasis on the inhibitory interactions between caffeine and its multiple targets in eukaryotic microorganisms such as budding and fission yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Hyun Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 0369, Republic of Korea,Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-901-8737 Fax: +82-2-901-8386 E-mail:
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Engineering a Cysteine-Deficient Functional Candida albicans Cdr1 Molecule Reveals a Conserved Region at the Cytosolic Apex of ABCG Transporters Important for Correct Folding and Trafficking of Cdr1. mSphere 2021; 6:6/1/e01318-20. [PMID: 33568458 PMCID: PMC8544900 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01318-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of the ABCG family are eukaryotic membrane proteins that pump an array of compounds across organelle and cell membranes. Overexpression of the archetype fungal PDR transporter Cdr1 is a major cause of azole antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans, a significant fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals. To date, no structure for any PDR transporter has been solved. The objective of this project was to investigate the role of the 23 Cdr1 cysteine residues in the stability, trafficking, and function of the protein when expressed in the eukaryotic model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biochemical characterization of 18 partially cysteine-deficient Cdr1 variants revealed that the six conserved extracellular cysteines were critical for proper expression, localization, and function of Cdr1. They are predicted to form three covalent disulfide bonds that stabilize the large extracellular domains of fungal PDR transporters. Our investigations also revealed a novel nucleotide-binding domain motif, GX2[3]CPX3NPAD/E, at the peripheral cytosolic apex of ABCG transporters that possibly contributes to the unique ABCG transport cycle. With this knowledge, we engineered an “almost cysteine-less,” yet fully functional, Cdr1 variant, Cdr1P-CID, that had all but the six extracellular cysteines replaced with serine, alanine, or isoleucine (C1106I of the new motif). It is now possible to perform cysteine-cross-linking studies that will enable more detailed biochemical investigations of fungal PDR transporters and confirm any future structure(s) solved for this important protein family. IMPORTANCE Overexpression of the fungal pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporter Cdr1 is a major cause of antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans, a significant fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals. To date, no structure for any PDR ABC transporter has been solved. Cdr1 contains 23 cysteines; 10 are cytosolic and 13 are predicted to be in the transmembrane or the extracellular domains. The objective of this project was to create, and biochemically characterize, CDR1 mutants to reveal which cysteines are most important for Cdr1 stability, trafficking, and function. During this process we discovered a novel motif at the cytosolic apex of PDR transporters that ensures the structural and functional integrity of the ABCG transporter family. The creation of a functional Cys-deficient Cdr1 molecule opens new avenues for cysteine-cross-linking studies that will facilitate the detailed characterization of an important ABCG transporter family member.
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Víglaš J, Olejníková P. An update on ABC transporters of filamentous fungi - from physiological substrates to xenobiotics. Microbiol Res 2021; 246:126684. [PMID: 33529790 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a large family of proteins with a wide substrate repertoire and range of functions. The main role of these proteins is in the transportation of different molecules across biological membranes. Due to the broad range of substrates, ABC transporters can transport not only natural metabolites but also various xenobiotics, including antifungal compounds, which makes some ABC transporters key players in antifungal resistance. Alternatively, ABC proteins without transport function seem to be essential for fungal cell viability. In this work, we review the individual subfamilies of ABC transporters in filamentous fungi regarding physiological substrates, clinical and agricultural significance. Subfamilies are defined using well-studied transporters in yeast, which may help to clarify their role in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Víglaš
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Vega-Chacón Y, de Albuquerque MC, Pavarina AC, Goldman GH, Mima EGDO. Verapamil inhibits efflux pumps in Candida albicans, exhibits synergism with fluconazole, and increases survival of Galleria mellonella. Virulence 2021; 12:231-243. [PMID: 33410730 PMCID: PMC8923067 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1868814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance requires alternative methods to treat Candida albicans infections. We evaluated efficacy of the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) verapamil (VER) with fluconazole (FLC) against FLC-resistant (CaR) and -susceptible C. albicans (CaS). The susceptibility of both strains to VER and FLC was determined, as well as the synergism of VER with FLC. Experiments were performed in vitro for planktonic cultures and biofilms and in vivo using Galleria mellonella. Larval survival and fungal recovery were evaluated after treatment with VER and FLC. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier tests. The combination of VER with FLC at sub-lethal concentrations reduced fungal growth. VER inhibited the efflux of rhodamine 123 and showed synergism with FLC against CaR. For biofilms, FLC and VER alone reduced fungal viability. The combination of VER with FLC at sub-lethal concentrations also reduced biofilm viability. In the in vivo assays, VER and FLC used alone or in combination increased the survival of larvae infected with CaR. Reduction of fungal recovery was observed only for larvae infected with CaR and treated with VER with FLC. VER reverted the FLC-resistance of C. albicans. Based on the results obtained, VER reverted the FLC-resistance of C. albicans and showed synergism with FLC against CaR. VER also increased the survival of G. mellonella infected with CaR and reduced the fungal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Vega-Chacón
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry , Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina de Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry , Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry , Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP) , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry , Araraquara, Brazil
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Peraman R, Sure SK, Dusthackeer VNA, Chilamakuru NB, Yiragamreddy PR, Pokuri C, Kutagulla VK, Chinni S. Insights on recent approaches in drug discovery strategies and untapped drug targets against drug resistance. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:56. [PMID: 33686369 PMCID: PMC7928709 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the various strategies undertaken in the clinical practice, the mortality rate due to antibiotic-resistant microbes has been markedly increasing worldwide. In addition to multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes, the "ESKAPE" bacteria are also emerging. Of course, the infection caused by ESKAPE cannot be treated even with lethal doses of antibiotics. Now, the drug resistance is also more prevalent in antiviral, anticancer, antimalarial and antifungal chemotherapies. MAIN BODY To date, in the literature, the quantum of research reported on the discovery strategies for new antibiotics is remarkable but the milestone is still far away. Considering the need of the updated strategies and drug discovery approaches in the area of drug resistance among researchers, in this communication, we consolidated the insights pertaining to new drug development against drug-resistant microbes. It includes drug discovery void, gene paradox, transposon mutagenesis, vitamin biosynthesis inhibition, use of non-conventional media, host model, target through quorum sensing, genomic-chemical network, synthetic viability to targets, chemical versus biological space, combinational approach, photosensitization, antimicrobial peptides and transcriptome profiling. Furthermore, we optimally briefed about antievolution drugs, nanotheranostics and antimicrobial adjuvants and then followed by twelve selected new feasible drug targets for new drug design against drug resistance. Finally, we have also tabulated the chemical structures of potent molecules against antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSION It is highly recommended to execute the anti-drug resistance research as integrated approach where both molecular and genetic research needs to be as integrative objective of drug discovery. This is time to accelerate new drug discovery research with advanced genetic approaches instead of conventional blind screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Peraman
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Sathish Kumar Sure
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - V. N. Azger Dusthackeer
- grid.417330.20000 0004 1767 6138ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamilnadu India
| | - Naresh Babu Chilamakuru
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Padmanabha Reddy Yiragamreddy
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Chiranjeevi Pokuri
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Vinay Kumar Kutagulla
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Santhivardhan Chinni
- RERDS-CPR, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh India
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Domingos LTS, Pereira FG, Moraes DCD, Marquete R, Rocha MEDN, Moreira DDL, Mansur E, Ferreira-Pereira A. Casearia sylvestris essential oil and its fractions inhibit Candida albicans ABC transporters related to multidrug resistance (MDR). RODRIGUÉSIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202172052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract ABC transporters constitute a superfamily of transmembrane proteins that act mediating the translocation of several substrates across the membrane, using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. This mechanism of unrelated substrates efflux (multidrug resistance) has been associated with several diseases and it is a problem in chemotherapy efficacy. Nowadays, approximately 25% of the prescription drugs in the world are derived from plants. Casearia sylvestris is commonly found in the Americas and different parts of this plant are popularly used to treat several diseases. Previous studies have also confirmed the biological activities of C. sylvestris, such as anti-tumor, anti-leishmania, and antifungal properties. Then, the propose of this study was demonstrate that fraction 1-6 of C. sylvestris, essential oil, was able to reverse the fluconazole resistance phenotype in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model mediated by the heterologous protein CaCdr2p from Candida albicans. The MIC value of fraction 1-6 combined with fluconazole in the checkerboard assay decreased approximately 4-fold, suggesting a synergistic effect. In addition, fraction 1-6 increased intracellular rhodamine 6G accumulation from 17% to 49% in the presence of glucose. Data indicate that C. sylvestris fraction 1-6 is a potential reverser of the fluconazole resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronaldo Marquete
- Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Brazil
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Castel P, Holtz-Morris A, Kwon Y, Suter BP, McCormick F. DoMY-Seq: A yeast two-hybrid-based technique for precision mapping of protein-protein interaction motifs. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100023. [PMID: 33410398 PMCID: PMC7949039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between proteins are fundamental for every biological process and especially important in cell signaling pathways. Biochemical techniques that evaluate these protein-protein interactions (PPIs), such as in vitro pull downs and coimmunoprecipitations, have become popular in most laboratories and are essential to identify and validate novel protein binding partners. Most PPIs occur through small domains or motifs, which are challenging and laborious to map by using standard biochemical approaches because they generally require the cloning of several truncation mutants. Moreover, these classical methodologies provide limited resolution of the interacting interface. Here, we describe the development of an alternative technique to overcome these limitations termed "Protein Domain mapping using Yeast 2 Hybrid-Next Generation Sequencing" (DoMY-Seq), which leverages both yeast two-hybrid and next-generation sequencing techniques. In brief, our approach involves creating a library of fragments derived from an open reading frame of interest and enriching for the interacting fragments using a yeast two-hybrid reporter system. Next-generation sequencing is then subsequently employed to read and map the sequence of the interacting fragment, yielding a high-resolution plot of the binding interface. We optimized DoMY-Seq by taking advantage of the well-described and high-affinity interaction between KRAS and CRAF, and we provide high-resolution domain mapping on this and other protein-interacting pairs, including CRAF-MEK1, RIT1-RGL3, and p53-MDM2. Thus, DoMY-Seq provides an unbiased alternative method to rapidly identify the domains involved in PPIs by advancing the use of yeast two-hybrid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Castel
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Synergistic interactions between β-lapachone and fluconazole in the inhibition of CaCdr2p and CaMdr1p in Candida albicans. Rev Iberoam Micol 2020; 37:104-106. [PMID: 33229297 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rate of invasive Candida infections is raising mainly amongst immunocompromised patients. These infections are hard-to-treat mainly due to the increasing incidence of resistance. The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette and major facilitator superfamily transporters is the main responsible for the failure of antifungal therapies. In a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model, β-lapachone inhibited Pdr5p, a transporter homologous to those found in Candida albicans. AIMS To determine whether β-lapachone reverses the resistance phenotype mediated by efflux transporters in C. albicans clinical isolates. METHODS The antifungal activity of β-lapachone combined with fluconazole was measured by agarose chemosensitization and microdilution assays. CaCdr2p and CaMdr1p activities were evaluated through fluorescent dyes accumulation. ATPase activity was assessed using transporter-enriched plasma membranes. RESULTS β-lapachone reverted antifungal resistance of S. cerevisiae and C. albicans strains overexpressing CaCdr2p and CaMdr1p transporters by inhibiting these proteins activities. CaCdr2p ATPase activity was not impaired by the compound. CONCLUSIONS β-lapachone is a promising drug candidate to be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of candidiasis caused by fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains.
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Somboon P, Soontorngun N. An actin depolymerizing agent 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q of Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 enhanced antifungal action of azole drugs through ROS-mediated cell death in yeast. Microbiol Res 2020; 243:126646. [PMID: 33227681 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a highly conserved phenomenon among all living organisms and a major veritable public health problem worldwide. Repetitive uses of antibiotics lead to antimicrobial drug resistance. Here, 19,20-epoxycytochalasin Q (ECQ) was isolated from endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. BCC 1067 and, its chemical structure was determined via chromatographic and spectral methods. ECQ displayed an antifungal activity with low MIC50 of 410 and 55 mg/l in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type and ScΔpdr5 strains, respectively. ECQ was a new inducer and potential substrate of key multi-drug efflux pumps S. cerevisiae ScPdr5 and Candida albicans CaCdr1. ECQ targeted actin filament, disrupting actin dynamics of yeast cells. ECQ also sensitized the ScΔsrv2 mutant, lacking suppressor of RasVal19. Overexpression of ScPDR5 or CaCDR1 genes prevented aggregation of actin and alleviated antifungal effect of ECQ. Additionally, ECQ induced high accumulation of reactive oxygen species, caused plasma membrane leakage and decreased yeast cell survival. Importantly, a discovery of ECQ implied a cellular connection between multi-drug resistance and actin stability, an important determinant of transporter mediated-drug resistance mechanism. Combination of ECQ and antifungal azoles displayed promising drug synergy against S. cerevisiae strains expressing multi-drug transporters, thereby providing potential solution for antifungal therapy and chemotherapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichayada Somboon
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Lipophilic Cations Rescue the Growth of Yeast under the Conditions of Glycolysis Overflow. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091345. [PMID: 32962296 PMCID: PMC7563754 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals inducing a mild decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio are considered as caloric restriction mimetics as well as treatments against obesity. Screening for such chemicals in animal model systems requires a lot of time and labor. Here, we present a system for the rapid screening of non-toxic substances causing such a de-energization of cells. We looked for chemicals allowing the growth of yeast lacking trehalose phosphate synthase on a non-fermentable carbon source in the presence of glucose. Under such conditions, the cells cannot grow because the cellular phosphate is mostly being used to phosphorylate the sugars in upper glycolysis, while the biosynthesis of bisphosphoglycerate is blocked. We reasoned that by decreasing the ATP/ADP ratio, one might prevent the phosphorylation of the sugars and also boost bisphosphoglycerate synthesis by providing the substrate, i.e., inorganic phosphate. We confirmed that a complete inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation alleviates the block. As our system includes a non-fermentable carbon source, only the chemicals that did not cause a complete block of mitochondrial ATP synthesis allowed the initial depletion of glucose followed by respiratory growth. Using this system, we found two novel compounds, dodecylmethyl diphenylamine (FS1) and diethyl (tetradecyl) phenyl ammonium bromide (Kor105), which possess a mild membrane-depolarizing activity.
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Grechko V, Podolsky D, Cheshchevik V. Identification new potential multidrug resistance proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 176:106029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Arastehfar A, Lass-Flörl C, Garcia-Rubio R, Daneshnia F, Ilkit M, Boekhout T, Gabaldon T, Perlin DS. The Quiet and Underappreciated Rise of Drug-Resistant Invasive Fungal Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E138. [PMID: 32824785 PMCID: PMC7557958 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fungal pathogens are attributable to a significant economic burden and mortality worldwide. Antifungal treatments, although limited in number, play a pivotal role in decreasing mortality and morbidities posed by invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris and Candida glabrata and acquiring invasive infections due to azole-resistant C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and Aspergillus spp. in azole-naïve patients pose a serious health threat considering the limited number of systemic antifungals available to treat IFIs. Although advancing for major fungal pathogens, the understanding of fungal attributes contributing to antifungal resistance is just emerging for several clinically important MDR fungal pathogens. Further complicating the matter are the distinct differences in antifungal resistance mechanisms among various fungal species in which one or more mechanisms may contribute to the resistance phenotype. In this review, we attempt to summarize the burden of antifungal resistance for selected non-albicansCandida and clinically important Aspergillus species together with their phylogenetic placement on the tree of life. Moreover, we highlight the different molecular mechanisms between antifungal tolerance and resistance, and comprehensively discuss the molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance in a species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Rocio Garcia-Rubio
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
| | - Farnaz Daneshnia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (F.D.); (T.B.)
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, University of Çukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey;
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (F.D.); (T.B.)
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toni Gabaldon
- Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona, Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Jordi Girona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 08024 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
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Bio- and Nanotechnology as the Key for Clinical Application of Salivary Peptide Histatin: A Necessary Advance. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071024. [PMID: 32664360 PMCID: PMC7409060 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common microorganism of human’s microbiota and can be easily found in both respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts as well as in the genitourinary tract. Approximately 30% of people will be infected by C. albicans during their lifetime. Due to its easy adaptation, this microorganism started to present high resistance to antifungal agents which is associated with their indiscriminate use. There are several reports of adaptive mechanisms that this species can present. Some of them are intrinsic alteration in drug targets, secretion of extracellular enzymes to promote host protein degradation and efflux receptors that lead to a diminished action of common antifungal and host’s innate immune response. The current review aims to bring promising alternatives for the treatment of candidiasis caused mainly by C. albicans. One of these alternatives is the use of antifungal peptides (AFPs) from the Histatin family, like histatin-5. Besides that, our focus is to show how nanotechnology can allow the application of these peptides for treatment of this microorganism. In addition, our intention is to show the importance of nanoparticles (NPs) for this purpose, which may be essential in the near future.
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Esquivel BD, Rybak JM, Barker KS, Fortwendel JR, Rogers PD, White TC. Characterization of the Efflux Capability and Substrate Specificity of Aspergillus fumigatus PDR5-like ABC Transporters Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. mBio 2020; 11:e00338-20. [PMID: 32209680 PMCID: PMC7157516 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00338-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This research analyzed six Aspergillus fumigatus genes encoding putative efflux proteins for their roles as transporters. TheA. fumigatus genes abcA, abcC, abcF, abcG, abcH, and abcI were cloned into plasmids and overexpressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain in which the highly active endogenous ABC transporter gene PDR5 was deleted. The activity of each transporter was measured by efflux of rhodamine 6G and accumulation of alanine β-naphthylamide. The transporters AbcA, AbcC, and AbcF had the strongest efflux activities of these compounds. All of the strains with plasmid-expressed transporters had more efflux activity than did the PDR5-deleted background strain. We performed broth microdilution drug susceptibility testing and agar spot assays using an array of compounds and antifungal drugs to determine the transporter specificity and drug susceptibility of the strains. The transporters AbcC and AbcF showed the broadest range of substrate specificity, while AbcG and AbcH had the narrowest range of substrates. Strains expressing the AbcA, AbcC, AbcF, or AbcI transporter were more resistant to fluconazole than was the PDR5-deleted background strain. Strains expressing AbcC and AbcF were additionally more resistant to clotrimazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and posaconazole than was the background strain. Finally, we analyzed the expression levels of the genes by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in triazole-susceptible and -resistant A. fumigatus clinical isolates. All of these transporters are expressed at a measurable level, and transporter expression varied significantly between strains, demonstrating the high degree of phenotypic variation, plasticity, and divergence of which this species is capable.IMPORTANCE One mechanism behind drug resistance is altered export out of the cell. This work is a multifaceted analysis of membrane efflux transporters in the human fungal pathogen A. fumigatus Bioinformatics evidence infers that there is a relatively large number of genes in A. fumigatus that encode ABC efflux transporters. However, very few of these transporters have been directly characterized and analyzed for their potential role in drug resistance.Our objective was to determine if these undercharacterized proteins function as efflux transporters and then to better define whether their efflux substrates include antifungal drugs used to treat fungal infections. We chose six A. fumigatus potential plasma membrane ABC transporter genes for analysis and found that all six genes produced functional transporter proteins. We used two fungal systems to look for correlations between transporter function and drug resistance. These transporters have the potential to produce drug-resistant phenotypes in A. fumigatus Continued characterization of these and other transporters may assist in the development of efflux inhibitor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Esquivel
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rybak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katherine S Barker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jarrod R Fortwendel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - P David Rogers
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Theodore C White
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Galkina KV, Okamoto M, Chibana H, Knorre DA, Kajiwara S. Deletion of CDR1 reveals redox regulation of pleiotropic drug resistance in Candida glabrata. Biochimie 2020; 170:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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45
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Liu ZL, Ma M. Pathway-based signature transcriptional profiles as tolerance phenotypes for the adapted industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistant to furfural and HMF. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3473-3492. [PMID: 32103314 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a plastic genome with a great flexibility in adaptation to varied conditions of nutrition, temperature, chemistry, osmolarity, and pH in diversified applications. A tolerant strain against 2-furaldehyde (furfural) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) was successfully obtained previously by adaptation through environmental engineering toward development of the next-generation biocatalyst. Using a time-course comparative transcriptome analysis in response to a synergistic challenge of furfural-HMF, here we report tolerance phenotypes of pathway-based transcriptional profiles as components of the adapted defensive system for the tolerant strain NRRL Y-50049. The newly identified tolerance phenotypes were involved in biosynthesis superpathway of sulfur amino acids, defensive reduction-oxidation reaction process, cell wall response, and endogenous and exogenous cellular detoxification. Key transcription factors closely related to these pathway-based components, such as Yap1, Met4, Met31/32, Msn2/4, and Pdr1/3, were also presented. Many important genes in Y-50049 acquired an enhanced transcription background and showed continued increased expressions during the entire lag phase against furfural-HMF. Such signature expressions distinguished tolerance phenotypes of Y-50049 from the innate stress response of its progenitor NRRL Y-12632, an industrial type strain. The acquired yeast tolerance is believed to be evolved in various mechanisms at the genomic level. Identification of legitimate tolerance phenotypes provides a basis for continued investigations on pathway interactions and dissection of mechanisms of yeast tolerance and adaptation at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lewis Liu
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service,U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
| | - Menggen Ma
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service,U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
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Sokolov SS, Vorobeva MA, Smirnova AI, Smirnova EA, Trushina NI, Galkina KV, Severin FF, Knorre DA. LAM Genes Contribute to Environmental Stress Tolerance but Sensibilize Yeast Cells to Azoles. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:38. [PMID: 32047490 PMCID: PMC6997477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lam proteins transport sterols between the membranes of different cellular compartments. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the LAM gene family consists of three pairs of paralogs. Because the function of paralogous genes can be redundant, the phenotypes of only a small number of LAM gene deletions have been reported; thus, the role of these genes in yeast physiology is still unclear. Here, we surveyed the phenotypes of double and quadruple deletants of paralogous LAM2(YSP2)/LAM4 and LAM1(YSP1)/LAM3(SIP3) genes that encode proteins localized in the junctions of the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. The quadruple deletant showed increased sterol content and a strong decrease in ethanol, heat shock and high osmolarity resistance. Surprisingly, the quadruple deletant and LAM2/LAM4 double deletion strain showed increased tolerance to the azole antifungals clotrimazole and miconazole. This effect was not associated with an increased rate of ABC-transporter substrate efflux. Possibly, increased sterol pool in the LAM deletion strains postpones the effect of azoles on cell growth. Alternatively, LAM deletions might alleviate the toxic effect of sterols as Lam proteins can transport toxic sterol biosynthesis intermediates into membrane compartments that are sensitive to these compounds. Our findings reveal novel biological roles of LAM genes in stress tolerance and suggest that mutations in these genes may confer upregulation of a mechanism that provides resistance to azole antifungals in pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svyatoslav S Sokolov
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita A Vorobeva
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra I Smirnova
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Smirnova
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya I Trushina
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Kseniia V Galkina
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor F Severin
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Knorre
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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47
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Proton pump inhibitors act synergistically with fluconazole against resistant Candida albicans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:498. [PMID: 31949170 PMCID: PMC6965112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of resistant Candida isolates, especially Candida albicans, has increased continuously. To overcome the resistance, research on antifungal agent sensitizers has attracted considerable attention. Omeprazole and lansoprazole were found to inhibit the growth of sensitive C. albicans and hyphae formation in a high dose, respectively. This study aimed to determine the interactions of common clinically proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and fluconazole both in vitro and in vivo and to further explore the possible mechanisms. In vitro, the tested PPIs all acted synergistically with fluconazole against both resistant C. albicans planktonic cells and biofilms preformed for ≤12 h with the minimum inhibitory concentration of fluconazole decreased from >512 μg/mL to 1–4 μg/mL. In vivo, PPIs plus fluconazole prolonged the survival rate of infected Galleria mellonella larvae by two-fold compared with that for the fluconazole monotherapy group and significantly reduced the tissue damage of infected larvae. Mechanism studies showed that PPIs significantly suppressed efflux pump activity, which is the common resistance mechanism of C. albicans, and significantly inhibited the virulence factors: phospholipase activity and morphology switching. These findings will provide new insights into antifungal agent discovery and potential approaches for the treatment of candidiasis caused by resistant C. albicans.
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Bu X, Lin JY, Cheng J, Yang D, Duan CQ, Koffas M, Yan GL. Engineering endogenous ABC transporter with improving ATP supply and membrane flexibility enhances the secretion of β-carotene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:168. [PMID: 33062054 PMCID: PMC7548044 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Product toxicity is one of the bottlenecks for microbial production of biofuels, and transporter-mediated biofuel secretion offers a promising strategy to solve this problem. As a robust microbial host for industrial-scale production of biofuels, Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a powerful transport system to export a wide range of toxic compounds to sustain survival. The aim of this study is to improve the secretion and production of the hydrophobic product (β-carotene) by harnessing endogenous ABC transporters combined with physiological engineering in S. cerevisiae. RESULTS Substrate inducibility is a prominent characteristic of most endogenous transporters. Through comparative proteomic analysis and transcriptional confirmation, we identified five potential ABC transporters (Pdr5p, Pdr10p, Snq2p, Yor1p, and Yol075cp) for β-carotene efflux. The accumulation of β-carotene also affects cell physiology in various aspects, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial translation, lipid metabolism, ergosterol biosynthetic process, and cell wall synthesis. Here, we adopted an inducible GAL promoter to overexpress candidate transporters and enhanced the secretion and intracellular production of β-carotene, in which Snq2p showed the best performance (a 4.04-fold and a 1.33-fold increase compared with its parental strain YBX-01, respectively). To further promote efflux capacity, two strategies of increasing ATP supply and improving membrane fluidity were following adopted. A 5.80-fold increase of β-carotene secretion and a 1.71-fold increase of the intracellular β-carotene production were consequently achieved in the engineered strain YBX-20 compared with the parental strain YBX-01. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results showcase that engineering endogenous plasma membrane ABC transporters is a promising approach for hydrophobic product efflux in S. cerevisiae. We also highlight the importance of improving cell physiology to enhance the efficiency of ABC transporters, especially energy status and cell membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Bu
- Centre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd, Beijing, 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jing-Yuan Lin
- Centre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd, Beijing, 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Centre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd, Beijing, 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food From Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Centre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd, Beijing, 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - Guo-Liang Yan
- Centre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd, Beijing, 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083 China
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Banerjee A, Moreno A, Khan MF, Nair R, Sharma S, Sen S, Mondal AK, Pata J, Orelle C, Falson P, Prasad R. Cdr1p highlights the role of the non-hydrolytic ATP-binding site in driving drug translocation in asymmetric ABC pumps. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183131. [PMID: 31734312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters couple ATP binding and hydrolysis to the translocation of allocrites across membranes. Two shared nucleotide-binding sites (NBS) participate in this cycle. In asymmetric ABC pumps, only one of them hydrolyzes ATP, and the functional role of the other remains unclear. Using a drug-based selection strategy on the transport-deficient mutant L529A in the transmembrane domain of the Candida albicans pump Cdr1p; we identified a spontaneous secondary mutation restoring drug-translocation. The compensatory mutation Q1005H was mapped 60 Å away, precisely in the ABC signature sequence of the non-hydrolytic NBS. The same was observed in the homolog Cdr2p. Both the mutant and suppressor proteins remained ATPase active, but remarkably, the single Q1005H mutant displayed a two-fold reduced ATPase activity and a two-fold increased drug-resistance as compared to the wild-type protein, pointing at a direct control of the non-hydrolytic NBS in substrate-translocation through ATP binding in asymmetric ABC pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Banerjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India; School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Alexis Moreno
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Team, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-Lyon 1 University UMR5086, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | | | - Remya Nair
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Suman Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Sobhan Sen
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jorgaq Pata
- Drug Resistance & Membrane Proteins Team, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-Lyon 1 University UMR5086, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Orelle
- Bacterial Nucleotide-binding Proteins: Resistance to Antibiotics and New Enzymes Team, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-Lyon 1 University UMR5086, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Falson
- Bacterial Nucleotide-binding Proteins: Resistance to Antibiotics and New Enzymes Team, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS-Lyon 1 University UMR5086, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France.
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India; Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India.
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50
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Anticandidal agent for multiple targets: the next paradigm in the discovery of proficient therapeutics/overcoming drug resistance. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2955-2974. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a prominent human fungal pathogen. Current treatments are suffering a massive gap due to emerging resistance against available antifungals. Therefore, there is an ardent need for novel antifungal candidates that essentially have more than one target, as most antifungal repertoires are single-target drugs. Exploration of multiple-drug targeting in antifungal therapeutics is still pending. An extensive literature survey was performed to categorize and comprehend relevant studies and the current therapeutic scenario that led researchers to preferentially consider multitarget drug-based Candida infection therapy. With this article, we identified and compiled a few potent antifungal compounds that are directed toward multiple virulent targets in C. albicans. Such compound(s) provide an optimistic platform of multiple targeting and could leave a substantial impact on the development of effective antifungals.
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