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Xie W, Wang J, Tian S, Zhao H, Cao L, Liang Z, Yang J, Zhao Y, Wang B, Jiang F, Ma J. RNF126-mediated ubiquitination of FSP1 affects its subcellular localization and ferroptosis. Oncogene 2024; 43:1463-1475. [PMID: 38514855 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a prevalent malignant brain tumor among children, which can be classified into four primary molecular subgroups. Group 3 MB (G3-MB) is known to be highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis, necessitating the development of novel and effective therapeutic interventions. Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death induced by lipid peroxidation, has been identified as a natural tumor suppression mechanism in various cancers. Nevertheless, the potential role of ferroptosis in the treatment of G3-MB remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that RNF126 acts as an anti-ferroptotic gene by interacting with ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1, also known as AIFM2) and ubiquitinating FSP1 at the 4KR-2 sites. Additionally, the deletion of RNF126 reduces the subcellular localization of FSP1 in the plasma membrane, resulting in an increase in the CoQ/CoQH2 ratio in G3-MB. The RNF126-FSP1-CoQ10 pathway plays a pivotal role in suppressing phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Clinically, RNF126 exhibited elevated expression in G3-MB and its overexpression was significantly associated with reduced patient survival. Our findings indicate that RNF126 regulates G3-MB sensitivity to ferroptosis by ubiquitinating FSP1, which provides new evidence for the potential G3-MB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqun Xie
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiwei Tian
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Cao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang T, Jin Y, Wang M, Chen B, Sun J, Zhang J, Yang H, Deng X, Cao X, Wang L, Tang Y. SALL4 in gastrointestinal tract cancers: upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms. Mol Med 2024; 30:46. [PMID: 38584262 PMCID: PMC11000312 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective therapeutic targets and early diagnosis are major challenges in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers. SALL4 is a well-known transcription factor that is involved in organogenesis during embryonic development. Previous studies have revealed that SALL4 regulates cell proliferation, survival, and migration and maintains stem cell function in mature cells. Additionally, SALL4 overexpression is associated with tumorigenesis. Despite its characterization as a biomarker in various cancers, the role of SALL4 in GIT cancers and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We describe the functions of SALL4 in GIT cancers and discuss its upstream/downstream genes and pathways associated with each cancer. We also consider the possibility of targeting these genes or pathways as potential therapeutic options for GIT cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Boya Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jinyu Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinyao Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xingyue Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key, Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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3
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Sheng H, Li H, Zeng H, Zhang B, Lu Y, Liu X, Xu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L. Heterogeneity and tumoral origin of medulloblastoma in the single-cell era. Oncogene 2024; 43:839-850. [PMID: 38355808 PMCID: PMC10942862 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors derived from posterior fossa. The current treatment includes maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, whole cranio-spinal radiation and adjuvant with chemotherapy. However, it can only limitedly prolong the survival time with severe side effects and relapse. Defining the intratumoral heterogeneity, cellular origin and identifying the interaction network within tumor microenvironment are helpful for understanding the mechanisms of medulloblastoma tumorigenesis and relapse. Due to technological limitations, the mechanisms of cellular heterogeneity and tumor origin have not been fully understood. Recently, the emergence of single-cell technology has provided a powerful tool for achieving the goal of understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Several studies have demonstrated the intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor origin for each subtype of medulloblastoma utilizing the single-cell RNA-seq, which has not been uncovered before using conventional technologies. In this review, we present an overview of the current progress in understanding of cellular heterogeneity and tumor origin of medulloblastoma and discuss novel findings in the age of single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haotai Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongwen Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Huang J, Yin X, Xu Q, Sun Y, Yao Y, Xiong J. Development and validation of a 23-gene expression signature for molecular subtyping of medulloblastoma in a long-term Chinese cohort. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:72. [PMID: 38329556 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood malignant brain tumor and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Recent transcriptional studies have shown that medulloblastomas comprise at least four molecular subgroups, each with distinct demographics, genetics, and clinical outcomes. Medulloblastoma subtyping has become critical for subgroup-specific therapies. The use of gene expression assays to determine the molecular subgroup of clinical specimens is a long-awaited application of molecular biology for this pediatric cancer. METHODS In the current study, we established a medulloblastoma transcriptome database of 460 samples retrieved from three published datasets (GSE21140, GSE37382, and GSE37418). With this database, we identified a 23-gene signature that is significantly associated with the medulloblastoma subgroups and achieved a classification accuracy of 95.2%. RESULTS The 23-gene signature was further validated in a long-term cohort of 142 Chinese medulloblastoma patients. The 23-gene signature classified 21 patients as WNT (15%), 41 as SHH (29%), 16 as Group 3 (11%), and 64 as Group 4 (45%). For patients of WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4, 5-year overall-survival rate reached 80%, 62%, 27%, and 47%, respectively (p < 0.0001), meanwhile 5-year progression-free survival reached 80%, 52%, 27%, and 45%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Besides, SHH/TP53-mutant tumors were associated with worse prognosis compared with SHH/TP53 wild-type tumors and other subgroups. We demonstrated that subgroup assignments by the 23-gene signature and Northcott's NanoString assay were highly comparable with a concordance rate of 96.4%. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we present a novel gene signature that is capable of accurately and reliably assigning FFPE medulloblastoma samples to their molecular subgroup, which may serve as an auxiliary tool for medulloblastoma subtyping in the clinic. Future incorporation of this gene signature into prospective clinical trials is warranted to further evaluate its clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Canhelp Genomics Research Center, Canhelp Genomics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 31100, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Machine Learning and Systems Biology, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Canhelp Genomics Research Center, Canhelp Genomics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 31100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ji Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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5
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Lospinoso Severini L, Loricchio E, Navacci S, Basili I, Alfonsi R, Bernardi F, Moretti M, Conenna M, Cucinotta A, Coni S, Petroni M, De Smaele E, Giannini G, Maroder M, Canettieri G, Mastronuzzi A, Guardavaccaro D, Ayrault O, Infante P, Bufalieri F, Di Marcotullio L. SALL4 is a CRL3 REN/KCTD11 substrate that drives Sonic Hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:170-187. [PMID: 38062245 PMCID: PMC10850099 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is crucial regulator of embryonic development and stemness. Its alteration leads to medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. The SHH-MB subgroup is the best genetically characterized, however the molecular mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis are not fully understood and therapeutic benefits are still limited. Here, we show that the pro-oncogenic stemness regulator Spalt-like transcriptional factor 4 (SALL4) is re-expressed in mouse SHH-MB models, and its high levels correlate with worse overall survival in SHH-MB patients. Proteomic analysis revealed that SALL4 interacts with REN/KCTD11 (here REN), a substrate receptor subunit of the Cullin3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL3REN) and a tumor suppressor lost in ~30% of human SHH-MBs. We demonstrate that CRL3REN induces polyubiquitylation and degradation of wild type SALL4, but not of a SALL4 mutant lacking zinc finger cluster 1 domain (ΔZFC1). Interestingly, SALL4 binds GLI1 and cooperates with HDAC1 to potentiate GLI1 deacetylation and transcriptional activity. Notably, inhibition of SALL4 suppresses SHH-MB growth both in murine and patient-derived xenograft models. Our findings identify SALL4 as a CRL3REN substrate and a promising therapeutic target in SHH-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Loricchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Shirin Navacci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Basili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Romina Alfonsi
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Bernardi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, 91401, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilisa Conenna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cucinotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marella Maroder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, 91401, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Paola Infante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bufalieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Atamian A, Birtele M, Hosseini N, Nguyen T, Seth A, Del Dosso A, Paul S, Tedeschi N, Taylor R, Coba MP, Samarasinghe R, Lois C, Quadrato G. Human cerebellar organoids with functional Purkinje cells. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:39-51.e6. [PMID: 38181749 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Research on human cerebellar development and disease has been hampered by the need for a human cell-based system that recapitulates the human cerebellum's cellular diversity and functional features. Here, we report a human organoid model (human cerebellar organoids [hCerOs]) capable of developing the complex cellular diversity of the fetal cerebellum, including a human-specific rhombic lip progenitor population that have never been generated in vitro prior to this study. 2-month-old hCerOs form distinct cytoarchitectural features, including laminar organized layering, and create functional connections between inhibitory and excitatory neurons that display coordinated network activity. Long-term culture of hCerOs allows healthy survival and maturation of Purkinje cells that display molecular and electrophysiological hallmarks of their in vivo counterparts, addressing a long-standing challenge in the field. This study therefore provides a physiologically relevant, all-human model system to elucidate the cell-type-specific mechanisms governing cerebellar development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Atamian
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Marcella Birtele
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Negar Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anoothi Seth
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ashley Del Dosso
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sandeep Paul
- Spatial Genomics, 145 Vista Avenue Suite 111, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Neil Tedeschi
- Spatial Genomics, 145 Vista Avenue Suite 111, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Ryan Taylor
- Spatial Genomics, 145 Vista Avenue Suite 111, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Marcelo P Coba
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ranmal Samarasinghe
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carlos Lois
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Giorgia Quadrato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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7
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Jackson K, Packer RJ. Recent Advances in Pediatric Medulloblastoma. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:841-848. [PMID: 37943476 PMCID: PMC10724301 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review recent advances in the understanding of pediatric medulloblastoma including etiology, biology, radiology, and management of pediatric medulloblastoma. RECENT FINDINGS The classic four subgroups have been reclassified and further subdivided based on new molecular findings. Research is revealing the cell origins of the different subtypes of medulloblastoma. There has been continued personalization of management based on molecular parameters. While many advances have been made in the knowledge base of this most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, there has not yet been translation into more effective therapies to prolong survival in all subgroups with the possible exception of children with group 3 disease. Quality of life remains a major challenge for long-term survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Jackson
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington D C, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's National Hospital, Washington D C, USA.
| | - Roger J Packer
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington D C, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington D C, USA
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8
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Wang Q, Xin X, Dai Q, Sun M, Chen J, Mostafavi E, Shen Y, Li X. Medulloblastoma targeted therapy: From signaling pathways heterogeneity and current treatment dilemma to the recent advances in development of therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108527. [PMID: 37703952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a major pediatric malignant brain tumor that arises in the cerebellum. MB tumors exhibit highly heterogeneous driven by diverse genetic alterations and could be divided into four major subgroups based on their different biological drivers and molecular features (Wnt, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), group 3, and group 4 MB). Even though the therapeutic strategies for each MB subtype integrate their pathogenesis and were developed to focus on their specific target sites, the unexpected drug non-selective cytotoxicity, low drug accumulation in the brain, and complexed MB tumor microenvironment still be huge obstacles to achieving satisfied MB therapeutic efficiency. This review discussed the current advances in modern MB therapeutic strategy development. Through the recent advances in knowledge of the origin, molecular pathogenesis of MB subtypes and their current therapeutic barriers, we particularly reviewed the current development in advanced MB therapeutic strategy committed to overcome MB treatment obstacles, focusing on novel signaling pathway targeted therapeutic agents and their combination discovery, advanced drug delivery systems design, and MB immunotherapy strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaofei Xin
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qihao Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengjuan Sun
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Yan Shen
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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9
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Yang W, Ma W, Huang J, Cai Y, Peng X, Zhao F, Zhang D, Zou Z, Sun H, Qi X, Ge M. Beijing Children's Hospital guidelines on the design and conduction of the first standardized database for medulloblastoma. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2393-2400. [PMID: 37261631 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant childhood brain tumors (WHO grade IV). Its high degree of malignancy leads to an unsatisfactory prognosis, requiring more precise and personalized treatment in the near future. Multi-omics and artificial intelligence have been playing a significant role in precise medical research, but their implementation needs a large amount of clinical information and biomaterials. For these reasons, it is urgent for current MB researchers to establish a large sample-size database of MB that contains complete clinical data and sufficient biomaterials such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cancer tissue, and urine. Unfortunately, there are few biobanks of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors throughout the world for limited specimens, scarce funds, different standards collecting methods and et cl. Even though, China falls behind western countries in this area. The present research set up a standard workflow to construct the Beijing Children's Hospital Medulloblastoma (BCH-MB) biobank. Clinical data from children with MB and for collecting and storing biomaterials, along with regular follow-up has been collected and recorded in this database. In the future, the BCH-MB biobank could make it possible to validate the promising biomarkers already identified, discover unrevealed MB biomarkers, develop novel therapies, and establish personalized prognostic models for children with MB upon the support of its sufficient data and biomaterials, laying the foundation for individualized therapies of children with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wenping Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Yingjie Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaojiao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Fengmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhewei Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hailang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Xiang Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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10
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Hedberg J, Studebaker A, Smith L, Chen CY, Westfall JJ, Cam M, Gross A, Hernandez-Aguirre I, Martin A, Kim D, Dhital R, Kim Y, Roberts RD, Cripe TP, Mardis ER, Cassady KA, Leonard J, Miller KE. Oncolytic virus-driven immune remodeling revealed in mouse medulloblastomas at single cell resolution. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:39-55. [PMID: 37583388 PMCID: PMC10424001 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses, modified for tumor-restricted infection, are a promising cancer immunotherapeutic, yet much remains to be understood about factors driving their activity and outcome in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report that oncolytic herpes simplex virus C134, previously found to exert T cell-dependent efficacy in mouse models of glioblastoma, exerts T cell-independent efficacy in mouse models of medulloblastoma, indicating this oncolytic virus uses different mechanisms in different tumors. We investigated C134's behavior in mouse medulloblastomas, using single cell RNA sequencing to map C134-induced gene expression changes across cell types, timepoints, and medulloblastoma subgroup models at whole-transcriptome resolution. Our work details substantial oncolytic virus-induced transcriptional remodeling of medulloblastoma-infiltrating immune cells, 10 subpopulations of monocytes and macrophages collectively demonstrating M1-like responses to C134, and suggests C134 be investigated as a potential new therapy for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hedberg
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Adam Studebaker
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Luke Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Jesse J. Westfall
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Maren Cam
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Amy Gross
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Ilse Hernandez-Aguirre
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Alexia Martin
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Doyeon Kim
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Ravi Dhital
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Yeaseul Kim
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Ryan D. Roberts
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Elaine R. Mardis
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kevin A. Cassady
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey Leonard
- The Center for Childhood Cancer, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Katherine E. Miller
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Slika H, Alimonti P, Raj D, Caraway C, Alomari S, Jackson EM, Tyler B. The Neurodevelopmental and Molecular Landscape of Medulloblastoma Subgroups: Current Targets and the Potential for Combined Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3889. [PMID: 37568705 PMCID: PMC10417410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Despite the use of multiple therapeutic approaches consisting of surgical resection, craniospinal irradiation, and multiagent chemotherapy, the prognosis of many patients with medulloblastoma remains dismal. Additionally, the high doses of radiation and the chemotherapeutic agents used are associated with significant short- and long-term complications and adverse effects, most notably neurocognitive delay. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development and clinical integration of targeted treatment regimens with greater efficacy and superior safety profiles. Since the adoption of the molecular-based classification of medulloblastoma into wingless (WNT) activated, sonic hedgehog (SHH) activated, group 3, and group 4, research efforts have been directed towards unraveling the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiles of each subtype. This review aims to delineate the progress that has been made in characterizing the neurodevelopmental and molecular features of each medulloblastoma subtype. It further delves into the implications that these characteristics have on the development of subgroup-specific targeted therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it highlights potential future avenues for combining multiple agents or strategies in order to obtain augmented effects and evade the development of treatment resistance in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (D.R.); (C.C.); (S.A.); (E.M.J.)
| | - Paolo Alimonti
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Divyaansh Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (D.R.); (C.C.); (S.A.); (E.M.J.)
| | - Chad Caraway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (D.R.); (C.C.); (S.A.); (E.M.J.)
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (D.R.); (C.C.); (S.A.); (E.M.J.)
| | - Eric M. Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (D.R.); (C.C.); (S.A.); (E.M.J.)
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (D.R.); (C.C.); (S.A.); (E.M.J.)
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12
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Hegde MM, Sandbhor P, J. A, Gota V, Goda JS. Insight into lipid-based nanoplatform-mediated drug and gene delivery in neuro-oncology and their clinical prospects. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1168454. [PMID: 37483515 PMCID: PMC10357293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the Central nervous System (CNS) are a spectrum of neoplasms that range from benign lesions to highly malignant and aggressive lesions. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment approaches, the morbidity and mortality are high with dismal survival outcomes in these malignant tumors. Moreover, the non-specificity of conventional treatments substantiates the rationale for precise therapeutic strategies that selectively target infiltrating tumor cells within the brain, and minimize systemic and collateral damage. With the recent advancement of nanoplatforms for biomaterials applications, lipid-based nanoparticulate systems present an attractive and breakthrough impact on CNS tumor management. Lipid nanoparticles centered immunotherapeutic agents treating malignant CNS tumors could convene the clear need for precise treatment strategies. Immunotherapeutic agents can selectively induce specific immune responses by active or innate immune responses at the local site within the brain. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic applications of lipid-based nanoplatforms for CNS tumors with an emphasis on revolutionary approaches in brain targeting, imaging, and drug and gene delivery with immunotherapy. Lipid-based nanoparticle platforms represent one of the most promising colloidal carriers for chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic drugs. Their current application in oncology especially in brain tumors has brought about a paradigm shift in cancer treatment by improving the antitumor activity of several agents that could be used to selectively target brain tumors. Subsequently, the lab-to-clinic transformation and challenges towards translational feasibility of lipid-based nanoplatforms for drug and gene/immunotherapy delivery in the context of CNS tumor management is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Manjunath Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Puja Sandbhor
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Aishwarya J.
- Advance Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Advance Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant S. Goda
- Advance Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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13
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Adile AA, Bakhshinyan D, Suk Y, Uehling D, Saini M, Aman A, Magolan J, Subapanditha MK, McKenna D, Chokshi C, Savage N, Kameda-Smith MM, Venugopal C, Singh SK. An effective kinase inhibition strategy for metastatic recurrent childhood medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:635-645. [PMID: 37354357 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastomas (MBs) constitute the most common malignant brain tumor in children and adolescents. MYC-amplified Group 3 MBs are characterized by disease recurrence, specifically in the leptomeninges, whereby patients with these metastatic tumors have a mortality rate nearing 100%. Despite limited research on such tumors, studies on MB metastases at diagnosis suggest targeting kinases to be beneficial. METHODS To identify kinase inhibitors that eradicate cells driving therapy evasion and tumor dissemination, we utilized our established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse-adapted therapy platform that models human MB metastatic recurrences following standard chemoradiotherapy. High-throughput screens of 640 kinase inhibitors were conducted against cells isolated from mouse spines in the PDX model and human fetal neural stem cells to reveal compounds that targeted these treatment-refractory, metastatic cells, whilst sparing healthy cells. Blood-brain barrier permeability assays and additional in vitro experimentation helped select top candidates for in vivo studies. RESULTS Recurrent Group 3 MB PDX spine cells were therapeutically vulnerable to a selective checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor and small molecular inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). Inhibitor-treated cells showed a significant reduction in MB stem cell properties associated with treatment failure. Mice also demonstrated survival advantage when treated with a CHK1 inhibitor ex vivo. CONCLUSION We identified CHK1 and PDGFRβ inhibitors that effectively target MB cells fueling treatment-refractory metastases. With limited research on effective therapies for Group 3 MB metastatic recurrences, this work highlights promising therapeutic options to treat these aggressive tumors. Additional studies are warranted to investigate these inhibitors' mechanisms and recommended in vivo administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Adile
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet Saini
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jakob Magolan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Minomi K Subapanditha
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michelle M Kameda-Smith
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Human Cancer Stem Cell Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Neurosurgey, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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14
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Fan J, Wang Y, Liang X, Peng Y, Li S, Li X, Zhou F, Li Y. B7-H6 enhances F-actin rearrangement by targeting c-MYC activation to promote medulloblastoma migration and invasion. Med Oncol 2023; 40:85. [PMID: 36692844 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is children's most common primary malignant primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor. Group 3 MB showed a higher propensity to metastasis, which is molecularly characterized by c-MYC gene amplification. The activation of c-MYC promotes the remodeling of the F-actin cytoskeleton to enhance metastasis. The B7 homologue 6 (B7-H6) is associated with the manifold essential hallmarks of tumorigenesis. In this study, we will explore whether B7-H6 regulates the reorganization of F-actin by elevating the c-MYC expression to promote metastasis. The Daoy cell line was used to act as the cell model of medulloblastoma. Small interfering RNA and the plasmid were used to downregulate and upregulate the expression of B7-H6 in Daoy cells. Transwell assays with/without the matrigel matrix were used to detect migration and invasion of Daoy cells. Western blots were used to detect the expression of related proteins. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the impact of B7-H6 on the c-MYC /F-actin axis. B7-H6 improved migration and invasion in the Daoy cell line. B7-H6 enhanced the rearrangement of F-actin and activated the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2. B7-H6 promoted the remodeling of F-actin by targeting c-MYC activation to reinforce migration and invasion. B7-H6 acts as a promoter of migration and invasion in medulloblastoma by activating the c-MYC /F-actin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fan
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanlin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Identification of Therapeutic Targets for Medulloblastoma by Tissue-Specific Genome-Scale Metabolic Model. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020779. [PMID: 36677837 PMCID: PMC9864031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), occurring in the cerebellum, is the most common childhood brain tumor. Because conventional methods decline life quality and endanger children with detrimental side effects, computer models are needed to imitate the characteristics of cancer cells and uncover effective therapeutic targets with minimum toxic effects on healthy cells. In this study, metabolic changes specific to MB were captured by the genome-scale metabolic brain model integrated with transcriptome data. To determine the roles of sphingolipid metabolism in proliferation and metastasis in the cancer cell, 79 reactions were incorporated into the MB model. The pathways employed by MB without a carbon source and the link between metastasis and the Warburg effect were examined in detail. To reveal therapeutic targets for MB, biomass-coupled reactions, the essential genes/gene products, and the antimetabolites, which might deplete the use of metabolites in cells by triggering competitive inhibition, were determined. As a result, interfering with the enzymes associated with fatty acid synthesis (FAs) and the mevalonate pathway in cholesterol synthesis, suppressing cardiolipin production, and tumor-supporting sphingolipid metabolites might be effective therapeutic approaches for MB. Moreover, decreasing the activity of succinate synthesis and GABA-catalyzing enzymes concurrently might be a promising strategy for metastatic MB.
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16
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Luo Z, Xia M, Shi W, Zhao C, Wang J, Xin D, Dong X, Xiong Y, Zhang F, Berry K, Ogurek S, Liu X, Rao R, Xing R, Wu LMN, Cui S, Xu L, Lin Y, Ma W, Tian S, Xie Q, Zhang L, Xin M, Wang X, Yue F, Zheng H, Liu Y, Stevenson CB, de Blank P, Perentesis JP, Gilbertson RJ, Li H, Ma J, Zhou W, Taylor MD, Lu QR. Human fetal cerebellar cell atlas informs medulloblastoma origin and oncogenesis. Nature 2022; 612:787-794. [PMID: 36450980 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumour1,2, yet the origin of the most aggressive subgroup-3 form remains elusive, impeding development of effective targeted treatments. Previous analyses of mouse cerebella3-5 have not fully defined the compositional heterogeneity of MBs. Here we undertook single-cell profiling of freshly isolated human fetal cerebella to establish a reference map delineating hierarchical cellular states in MBs. We identified a unique transitional cerebellar progenitor connecting neural stem cells to neuronal lineages in developing fetal cerebella. Intersectional analysis revealed that the transitional progenitors were enriched in aggressive MB subgroups, including group 3 and metastatic tumours. Single-cell multi-omics revealed underlying regulatory networks in the transitional progenitor populations, including transcriptional determinants HNRNPH1 and SOX11, which are correlated with clinical prognosis in group 3 MBs. Genomic and Hi-C profiling identified de novo long-range chromatin loops juxtaposing HNRNPH1/SOX11-targeted super-enhancers to cis-regulatory elements of MYC, an oncogenic driver for group 3 MBs. Targeting the transitional progenitor regulators inhibited MYC expression and MYC-driven group 3 MB growth. Our integrated single-cell atlases of human fetal cerebella and MBs show potential cell populations predisposed to transformation and regulatory circuitries underlying tumour cell states and oncogenesis, highlighting hitherto unrecognized transitional progenitor intermediates predictive of disease prognosis and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Luo
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mingyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhuan Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xinran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kalen Berry
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sean Ogurek
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rui Xing
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lai Man Natalie Wu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Siying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenkun Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiwei Tian
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haizi Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yaping Liu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles B Stevenson
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter de Blank
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John P Perentesis
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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17
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Genome wide DNA methylation analysis identifies novel molecular subgroups and predicts survival in neuroblastoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:2006-2015. [PMID: 36175618 PMCID: PMC9681858 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy in infancy, accounting for 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Outcome for the high-risk disease remains poor. DNA-methylation patterns are significantly altered in all cancer types and can be utilised for disease stratification. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 223), gene expression (n = 130), genetic/clinical data (n = 213), whole-exome sequencing (n = 130) was derived from the TARGET study. Methylation data were derived from HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays. t-SNE was used for the segregation of molecular subgroups. A separate validation cohort of 105 cases was studied. RESULTS Five distinct neuroblastoma molecular subgroups were identified, based on genome-wide DNA-methylation patterns, with unique features in each, including three subgroups associated with known prognostic features and two novel subgroups. As expected, Cluster-4 (infant diagnosis) had significantly better 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) than the four other clusters. However, in addition, the molecular subgrouping identified multiple patient subsets with highly increased risk, most notably infant patients that do not map to Cluster-4 (PFS 50% vs 80% for Cluster-4 infants, P = 0.005), and allowed identification of subgroup-specific methylation differences that may reflect important biological differences within neuroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Methylation-based clustering of neuroblastoma reveals novel molecular subgroups, with distinct molecular/clinical characteristics and identifies a subgroup of higher-risk infant patients.
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18
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Immunohistochemical staining of LEF-1 is a useful marker for distinguishing WNT-activated medulloblastomas. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:69. [PMID: 36096860 PMCID: PMC9469524 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF-1) protein expression in medulloblastomas (MBs) and its correlation with molecular grouping of MBs. Methods Expressions of LEF-1 and β-catenin were detected by immunohistochemistry, and molecular grouping was performed based on the NanoString and sequencing techniques for 30 MBs. Results By genetic defining, 3 MBs were WNT-activated, 11 were SHH-activated, 3 were in Group 3 and 13 in Group 4 respectively. Nuclear LEF-1 staining was found in 8 MBs using immunohistochemical method. Three out of 8 showed diffuse and strong nuclear LEF-1 staining which were proved to be WNT-activated genetically, while the other 5 MBs with focal staining were SHH-activated genetically. The expression of LEF-1 protein was significantly correlated with genetically defined WNT-activated MBs (P < 0.0001). We also found focal nuclear β-catenin expression ( less than 1% of tumor cells) in 5 MBs. LEF-1 positivity was significantly correlated nuclear β-catenin expression (p < 0.001). Conclusions Immunohistochemical staining of LEF-1 can be used as a supplement for β-catenin to diagnosis WNT-activated Medulloblastomas, when β-catenin is difficult to recognize for its cytoplasm/membrane staining background. Diffuse nuclear staining of LEF-1 indicates WNT-activated MB.
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19
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Martín-Rubio P, Espiau-Romera P, Royo-García A, Caja L, Sancho P. Metabolic determinants of stemness in medulloblastoma. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:587-598. [PMID: 36157911 PMCID: PMC9453267 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i8.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) are the most prevalent brain tumours in children. They are classified as grade IV, the highest in malignancy, with about 30% metastatic tumours at the time of diagnosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of tumour cells that can initiate and support tumour growth. In MB, CSCs contribute to tumour initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Metabolic differences among the different MB groups have started to emerge. Sonic hedgehog tumours show enriched lipid and nucleic acid metabolism pathways, whereas Group 3 MBs upregulate glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glutamine anabolism, and glutathione-mediated anti-oxidant pathways. Such differences impact the clinical behaviour of MB tumours and can be exploited therapeutically. In this review, we summarise the existing knowledge about metabolic rewiring in MB, with a particular focus on MB-CSCs. Finally, we highlight some of the emerging metabolism-based therapeutic strategies for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba Royo-García
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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20
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Franceschi E, Giannini C, Furtner J, Pajtler KW, Asioli S, Guzman R, Seidel C, Gatto L, Hau P. Adult Medulloblastoma: Updates on Current Management and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153708. [PMID: 35954372 PMCID: PMC9367316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant embryonal tumor of the posterior fossa belonging to the family of primitive neuro-ectodermic tumors (PNET). MB generally occurs in pediatric age, but in 14–30% of cases, it affects the adults, mostly below the age of 40, with an incidence of 0.6 per million per year, representing about 0.4–1% of tumors of the nervous system in adults. Unlike pediatric MB, robust prospective trials are scarce for the post-puberal population, due to the low incidence of MB in adolescent and young adults. Thus, current MB treatments for older patients are largely extrapolated from the pediatric experience, but the transferability and applicability of these paradigms to adults remain an open question. Adult MB is distinct from MB in children from a molecular and clinical perspective. Here, we review the management of adult MB, reporting the recent published literature focusing on the effectiveness of upfront chemotherapy, the development of targeted therapies, and the potential role of a reduced dose of radiotherapy in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Franceschi
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 59005, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Julia Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Kristian W. Pajtler
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Clemens Seidel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Lidia Gatto
- Department of Oncology, AUSL of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Peter Hau
- Wilhelm Sander NeuroOncology Unit & Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93055 Regensburg, Germany;
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21
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Bartl J, Zanini M, Bernardi F, Forget A, Blümel L, Talbot J, Picard D, Qin N, Cancila G, Gao Q, Nath S, Koumba IM, Wolter M, Kuonen F, Langini M, Beez T, Munoz C, Pauck D, Marquardt V, Yu H, Souphron J, Korsch M, Mölders C, Berger D, Göbbels S, Meyer FD, Scheffler B, Rotblat B, Diederichs S, Ramaswamy V, Suzuki H, Oro A, Stühler K, Stefanski A, Fischer U, Leprivier G, Willbold D, Steger G, Buell A, Kool M, Lichter P, Pfister SM, Northcott PA, Taylor MD, Borkhardt A, Reifenberger G, Ayrault O, Remke M. The HHIP-AS1 lncRNA promotes tumorigenicity through stabilization of dynein complex 1 in human SHH-driven tumors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4061. [PMID: 35831316 PMCID: PMC9279496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most lncRNAs display species-specific expression patterns suggesting that animal models of cancer may only incompletely recapitulate the regulatory crosstalk between lncRNAs and oncogenic pathways in humans. Among these pathways, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling is aberrantly activated in several human cancer entities. We unravel that aberrant expression of the primate-specific lncRNA HedgeHog Interacting Protein-AntiSense 1 (HHIP-AS1) is a hallmark of SHH-driven tumors including medulloblastoma and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. HHIP-AS1 is actively transcribed from a bidirectional promoter shared with SHH regulator HHIP. Knockdown of HHIP-AS1 induces mitotic spindle deregulation impairing tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HHIP-AS1 binds directly to the mRNA of cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 2 (DYNC1I2) and attenuates its degradation by hsa-miR-425-5p. We uncover that neither HHIP-AS1 nor the corresponding regulatory element in DYNC1I2 are evolutionary conserved in mice. Taken together, we discover an lncRNA-mediated mechanism that enables the pro-mitotic effects of SHH pathway activation in human tumors. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can contribute to cancers that are driven by Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Here the authors report that lncRNA HHIP-AS1 stabilises the mRNA of dynein complex 1, thereby, promoting the pro-mitotic effects of SHH-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bartl
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology-INI-research, Institute of Zoology University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Zanini
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, Orsay, France
| | - Flavia Bernardi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, Orsay, France
| | - Antoine Forget
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, Orsay, France
| | - Lena Blümel
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julie Talbot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, Orsay, France
| | - Daniel Picard
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Cancila
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, Orsay, France
| | - Qingsong Gao
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Soumav Nath
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie and Biological-Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,IBI- (Strukturbiochemie) and JuStruct, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Idriss Mahoungou Koumba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marietta Wolter
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - François Kuonen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne University Hospital Center, CH- Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maike Langini
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Beez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Munoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Pauck
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viktoria Marquardt
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hua Yu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, Orsay, France
| | - Judith Souphron
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, Orsay, France
| | - Mascha Korsch
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Mölders
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Berger
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Göbbels
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke-Dorothee Meyer
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Scheffler
- DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (WTZ), DKTK, partner site University Hospital Essen, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, DKTK, partner site Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br, Germany.,Division of RNA Biology & Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiromishi Suzuki
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriel Leprivier
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie and Biological-Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,IBI- (Strukturbiochemie) and JuStruct, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Steger
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie and Biological-Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children´s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children´s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, Orsay, France. .,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, Orsay, France.
| | - Marc Remke
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, and DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, DKTK, partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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22
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Lauko A, Lo A, Ahluwalia MS, Lathia JD. Cancer cell heterogeneity & plasticity in glioblastoma and brain tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:162-175. [PMID: 33640445 PMCID: PMC9618157 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors remain one of the most difficult tumors to treat and, depending on the diagnosis, have a poor prognosis. Of brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant glioma and has a dismal prognosis, with only about 5% of patients alive five years after diagnosis. While advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies are rapidly improving outcomes in a variety of other cancers, the standard of care for GBM has largely remained unaltered since 2005. There are many well-studied challenges that are either unique to brain tumors (i.e., blood-brain barrier and immunosuppressive environment) or amplified within GBM (i.e., tumor heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels, plasticity, and cancer stem cells) that make this disease particularly difficult to treat. While we touch on all these concepts, the focus of this review is to discuss the immense inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and advances in our understanding of tumor cell plasticity and epigenetics in GBM. With each improvement in technology, our understanding of the complexity of tumoral heterogeneity and plasticity improves and we gain more clarity on the causes underlying previous therapeutic failures. However, these advances are unlocking new therapeutic opportunities that scientists and physicians are currently exploiting and have the potential for new breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alice Lo
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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23
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Youn YH, Hou S, Wu CC, Kawauchi D, Orr BA, Robinson GW, Finkelstein D, Taketo MM, Gilbertson RJ, Roussel MF, Han YG. Primary cilia control translation and the cell cycle in medulloblastoma. Genes Dev 2022; 36:737-751. [PMID: 35798383 PMCID: PMC9296008 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349596.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium, a signaling organelle projecting from the surface of a cell, controls cellular physiology and behavior. The presence or absence of primary cilia is a distinctive feature of a given tumor type; however, whether and how the primary cilium contributes to tumorigenesis are unknown for most tumors. Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common pediatric brain cancer comprising four groups: SHH, WNT, group 3 (G3), and group 4 (G4). From 111 cases of MB, we show that primary cilia are abundant in SHH and WNT MBs but rare in G3 and G4 MBs. Using WNT and G3 MB mouse models, we show that primary cilia promote WNT MB by facilitating translation of mRNA encoding β-catenin, a major oncoprotein driving WNT MB, whereas cilium loss promotes G3 MB by disrupting cell cycle control and destabilizing the genome. Our findings reveal tumor type-specific ciliary functions and underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we expand the function of primary cilia to translation control and reveal a molecular mechanism by which cilia regulate cell cycle progression, thereby providing new frameworks for studying cilium function in normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ha Youn
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Shirui Hou
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Chang-Chih Wu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, England
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Young-Goo Han
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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24
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Liang B, Zhou Y, Jiao J, Xu L, Yan Y, Wu Q, Tong X, Yan H. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome Data Revealed AURKA and KIF20A as Critical Genes in Medulloblastoma Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:875521. [PMID: 35574421 PMCID: PMC9092218 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.875521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the neuroepithelial tumor with the highest degree of malignancy in the central nervous system, accounting for about 8% to 10% of children’s brain tumors. It has a high degree of malignancy and is easily transmitted through cerebrospinal fluid, with a relatively poor prognosis. Although medulloblastoma has been widely studied and treated, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. To determine which gene plays a crucial role in medulloblastoma development and progression, we analyzed three microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to detect and evaluate differentially expressed genes. Protein interaction network was established, and the hub genes were determined in cytoHubba through various assessment methods, while the target genes were screened out using survival analysis. Ultimately, human medulloblastoma samples were utilized to confirm target gene expression. In conclusion, This study found that aurora kinase A (AURKA) and kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) may be involved in the initiation and development of medulloblastoma, have a close association with prognosis, and may become a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker of MED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifith Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiji Jiao
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tong
- Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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25
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Ge J, Wang B, Zhao S, Xu J. Inhibition of lncRNA NEAT1 sensitizes medulloblastoma cells to cisplatin through modulating the miR-23a-3p-glutaminase (GLS) axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7670-7682. [PMID: 35313796 PMCID: PMC9208477 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a commonly occurring brain malignancy in adolescence. Currently, the combination of chemotherapy with subsequent irradiation is a regular therapeutic strategy. However, high dosage of chemotherapy is associated with drug resistance and side effects. The long non-coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), which is frequently overexpressed in diverse human tumors, is correlated with worse survival rate in cancer patients. Currently, the precise roles of NEAT1 in MB and chemoresistance remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the biological functions of NEAT1 in cisplatin-resistant medulloblastoma. We report that NEAT1 was significantly upregulated in medulloblastoma patient specimens. Silencing NEAT1 significantly suppressed MB cell proliferation and sensitized MB cells to cisplatin. In cisplatin-resistant MB cell line, DAOY Cis R, NEAT1 expression, and glutamine metabolism were remarkably upregulated in cisplatin-resistant cells. Under low glutamine supply, cisplatin-resistant cells displayed increased cisplatin sensitivity. Bioinformatical analysis and luciferase assay uncovered that NEAT1 functions as a ceRNA of miR-23a-3p to downregulate its expressions in MB cells. Moreover, miR-23a-3p was apparently downregulated in MB patient tissues and cisplatin resistant MB cells. We identified GLS (glutaminase), a glutamine metabolism enzyme, was directly targeted by miR-23a-3p in MB cells. Rescue experiments demonstrated restoration of miR-23a-3p in NEAT1-overexpressing DAOY cisplatin resistant cells successfully overcame the NEAT1-promoted cisplatin resistance by targeting GLS. In general, our results revealed new molecular mechanisms for the lncRNA-NEAT1-mediated cisplatin sensitivity of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Baohong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiaju Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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26
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Targeting the gp130/STAT3 Axis Attenuates Tumor Microenvironment Mediated Chemoresistance in Group 3 Medulloblastoma Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030381. [PMID: 35159191 PMCID: PMC8834329 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Of the four molecular subgroups, Group 3 MB is the most aggressive and has the worst prognosis. To understand the origins of chemoresistance involving IL-6/STAT3 signaling, we used in vitro co-culture systems to investigate the contribution of microglia as a brain tumor microenvironment cellular source of paracrine cytokines that promotes acquired drug resistance in Group 3 MB. MB cells subjected to co-culture with microglia exhibited increased expression of phosphorylated JAK1 and STAT3, which was correlated with enhanced resistance to vincristine. We found that both microglia and MB cells co-cultured with microglia secreted significant quantities of IL-6, indicating that IL-6 is a paracrine and autocrine cytokine able to initiate and sustain STAT3 activity in MB cells. Surprisingly, IL-6R−/− MB cells, which cannot respond to exogenous IL-6 stimuli, were responsive to microglia co-culture induced activation of STAT3 and chemoresistance. Subsequently, we found that MB cells conditioned in vitro with the IL-6 family cytokines, IL-6, OSM, LIF, or IL-11, exhibited enhanced JAK1/STAT3 activity and chemoresistance. Intriguingly, MB cells conditioned with any one of the IL-6 family cytokine secreted multiple IL-6 family cytokines, implicating a feedback network involving multiple cytokines. The IL-6 family cytokine receptors share a common signal transducing β-subunit, gp130, which may be targeted to mitigate tumor chemoresistance. We showed that microglia co-culture failed to induce chemoresistance of gp130−/− MB cells, and that combination treatment using gp130 inhibitors, or with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, effectively overcame the observed resistance to vincristine in gp130 expressing MB cells. Our in vitro studies highlight the gp130/JAK/STAT pathway as a therapeutic target in combating acquired treatment resistance in Group 3 MB.
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27
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Gatto L, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Di Nunno V, Bartolini S, Brandes AA. Molecular Targeted Therapies: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Medulloblastoma Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:333. [PMID: 35053495 PMCID: PMC8773620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a rare malignancy of the posterior cranial fossa. Although until now considered a single disease, according to the current WHO classification, it is a heterogeneous tumor that comprises multiple molecularly defined subgroups, with distinct gene expression profiles, pathogenetic driver alterations, clinical behaviors and age at onset. Adult medulloblastoma, in particular, is considered a rarer "orphan" entity in neuro-oncology practice because while treatments have progressively evolved for the pediatric population, no practice-changing prospective, randomized clinical trials have been performed in adults. In this scenario, the toughest challenge is to transfer the advances in cancer genomics into new molecularly targeted therapeutics, to improve the prognosis of this neoplasm and the treatment-related toxicities. Herein, we focus on the recent advances in targeted therapy of medulloblastoma based on the new and deeper knowledge of disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gatto
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Oncologia Medica del Sistema Nervoso, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Oncologia Medica del Sistema Nervoso, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (L.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Oncologia Medica del Sistema Nervoso, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Alba Ariela Brandes
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Oncologia Medica del Sistema Nervoso, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
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28
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Suk Y, Gwynne WD, Burns I, Venugopal C, Singh SK. Childhood Medulloblastoma: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2423:1-12. [PMID: 34978683 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1952-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, representing 60% of childhood intracranial embryonal tumors. Despite multimodal advances in therapies over the last 20 years that have yielded a 5-year survival rate of 75%, high-risk patients (younger than 3 years, subtotal resection, metastatic lesions at diagnosis) still experience a 5-year overall survival of less than 70%. In this introductory chapter on pediatric MB, we describe the initial discrimination of MB based on histopathological examination and the more recent progress made in global gene expression profiling methods that have allowed scientists to more accurately subclassify and prognosticate on MB based on molecular characteristics. The identification of subtype-specific molecular drivers and pathways presents novel therapeutic targets that could lead to MB subtype-specific treatment modalities. Additionally, we detail how the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis provides an explanation for tumor recurrence, and the potential for CSC-targeted therapies to address treatment-refractory MB. These personalized therapies can potentially increase MB survivorship and negate some of the long-term neurotoxicity associated with the current standard of care for MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Burns
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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29
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Yang J, Wang J, Tian S, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Wang B, Cao L, Liang Z, Zhao H, Lian H, Ma J. An Integrated Analysis of Tumor Purity of Common Central Nervous System Tumors in Children Based on Machine Learning Methods. Front Genet 2021; 12:707802. [PMID: 34925437 PMCID: PMC8678112 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.707802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor purity is defined as the proportion of cancer cells in the tumor tissue, and its effects on molecular genetics, the immune microenvironment, and the prognosis of children’s central nervous system (CNS) tumors are under-researched. Methods: We applied random forest machine learning, the InfiniumPurify algorithm, and the ESTIMATE algorithm to estimate the tumor purity of every child’s CNS tumor sample in several published pediatric CNS tumor sample datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), aiming to perform an integrated analysis on the tumor purity of children’s CNS tumors. Results: Only the purity of CNS tumors in children based on the random forest (RF) machine learning method was normally distributed. In addition, the children’s CNS tumor purity was associated with primary clinical pathological and molecular indicators. Enrichment analysis of biological pathways related to the purity of medulloblastoma (MB) revealed some classical signaling pathways associated with MB biology and development-related pathways. According to the correlation analysis between MB purity and the immune microenvironment, three immune-related genes, namely, CD8A, CXCR2, and TNFRSF14, were negatively related to MB purity. In contrast, no significant correlation was detected between immunotherapy-associated markers, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4; most infiltrating immune cells; and MB purity. In the tumor purity–related survival analysis of MB, ependymoma (EPN), and children’s high-grade glioma, we discovered a minor effect of tumor purity on the survival of the aforementioned pediatric patients with CNS tumors. Conclusion: Our purity pediatric pan-CNS tumor analysis provides a deeper understanding and helps with the clinical management of pediatric CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiwei Tian
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Cao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lian
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Bou-Rouphael J, Durand BC. T-Cell Factors as Transcriptional Inhibitors: Activities and Regulations in Vertebrate Head Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:784998. [PMID: 34901027 PMCID: PMC8651982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first discovery in the late 90s, Wnt canonical signaling has been demonstrated to affect a large variety of neural developmental processes, including, but not limited to, embryonic axis formation, neural proliferation, fate determination, and maintenance of neural stem cells. For decades, studies have focused on the mechanisms controlling the activity of β-catenin, the sole mediator of Wnt transcriptional response. More recently, the spotlight of research is directed towards the last cascade component, the T-cell factor (TCF)/Lymphoid-Enhancer binding Factor (LEF), and more specifically, the TCF/LEF-mediated switch from transcriptional activation to repression, which in both embryonic blastomeres and mouse embryonic stem cells pushes the balance from pluri/multipotency towards differentiation. It has been long known that Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) is the main co-repressor partner of TCF/LEF. More recently, other TCF/LEF-interacting partners have been identified, including the pro-neural BarH-Like 2 (BARHL2), which belongs to the evolutionary highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. This review describes the activities and regulatory modes of TCF/LEF as transcriptional repressors, with a specific focus on the functions of Barhl2 in vertebrate brain development. Specific attention is given to the transcriptional events leading to formation of the Organizer, as well as the roles and regulations of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in growth of the caudal forebrain. We present TCF/LEF activities in both embryonic and neural stem cells and discuss how alterations of this pathway could lead to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Béatrice C. Durand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, IBPS Developmental Biology Laboratory, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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31
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Bufalieri F, Fruci D, Di Marcotullio L. ERAP1 as an emerging therapeutic target for medulloblastoma. Trends Cancer 2021; 8:4-8. [PMID: 34686465 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is a multifunctional enzyme that shapes the peptide repertoire presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules, thereby affecting tumor immunogenicity. ERAP1 is altered in many tumors, including medulloblastoma (MB). We review the role of ERAP1 in MB development and the possibility of targeting this enzyme for MB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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32
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Li Z, Wei Y, Shao Y, Tang L, Gong J. Multi-omics analysis of intertumoral heterogeneity within medulloblastoma uncharted-pathway subtypes. Brain Tumor Pathol 2021; 38:234-242. [PMID: 34180021 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-021-00400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a common pediatric malignant brain tumor. There were four consensus molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, Group3 and Group4). Group 3 and Group 4 tumors exhibited a great degree of transcriptional overlap, and were neither derived from exact pathway aberration. We investigated transcriptional and chromatin accessibility of medulloblastoma by multi-omics single-cell analysis. Our work identified inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity within the Group 3, Group 4 and Group 3/4 intermediate subgroups. Unsupervised cluster of each tumor identified 9 cell clusters with transcriptional profiles and 6 cell clusters with chromatin accessibility profiles. OTX2 had the highest activity and expression level across the clusters in a special cluster based on open chromatin single-cell profilings. We identified multiple genes as a significant targeted gene within the OTX2 target genes, which made sense in prognosis. We analyzed the copy-number-variations which presented with expected subgroup distribution from transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiles. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastoma and provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicen Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanqiu Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
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33
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Paul MR, Zage PE. Overview and recent advances in the targeting of medulloblastoma cancer stem cells. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:957-974. [PMID: 34047251 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1932472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Medulloblastoma, an embryonal small round blue cell tumor primarily arising in the posterior fossa, is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system in children and requires intensive multi-modality therapy for cure. Overall 5-year survival is approximately 75% in children with primary disease, but outcomes for relapsed disease are very poor. Recent advances have identified molecular subgroups with excellent prognosis, with 5-year overall survival rates >90%, and subgroups with very poor prognosis with overall survival rates <50%. Molecular subtyping has allowed for more sophisticated risk stratification of patients, but new treatments for the highest risk patients have not yet improved outcomes. Targeting cancer stem cells may improve outcomes, and several candidate targets and novel drugs are under investigation.Areas covered: We discuss medulloblastoma epidemiology, biology, treatment modalities, risk stratification, and molecular subgroup analysis, links between subgroup and developmental biology, cancer stem cell biology in medulloblastoma including previously described cancer stem cell markers and proposed targeted treatments in the current literature.Expert opinion: The understanding of cancer stem cells in medulloblastoma will advance therapies targeting the most treatment-resistant cells within the tumor and therefore reduce the incidence of treatment refractory and relapsed disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rose Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (M.R.P., P.E.Z.); Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (M.R.P., P.E.Z.); Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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34
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Alves CAPF, Löbel U, Martin-Saavedra JS, Toescu S, Tsunemi MH, Teixeira SR, Mankad K, Hargrave D, Jacques TS, da Costa Leite C, Gonçalves FG, Vossough A, D'Arco F. A Diagnostic Algorithm for Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children: A Validation Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:961-968. [PMID: 33664107 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Primary posterior fossa tumors comprise a large group of neoplasias with variable aggressiveness and short and long-term outcomes. This study aimed to validate the clinical usefulness of a radiologic decision flow chart based on previously published neuroradiologic knowledge for the diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted (from January 2013 to October 2019) at 2 pediatric referral centers, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States, and Great Ormond Street Hospital, United Kingdom. Inclusion criteria were younger than 18 years of age and histologically and molecularly confirmed posterior fossa tumors. Subjects with no available preoperative MR imaging and tumors located primarily in the brain stem were excluded. Imaging characteristics of the tumors were evaluated following a predesigned, step-by-step flow chart. Agreement between readers was tested with the Cohen κ, and each diagnosis was analyzed for accuracy. RESULTS A total of 148 cases were included, with a median age of 3.4 years (interquartile range, 2.1-6.1 years), and a male/female ratio of 1.24. The predesigned flow chart facilitated identification of pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and medulloblastoma sonic hedgehog tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. On the basis of the results, the flow chart was adjusted so that it would also be able to better discriminate atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors and medulloblastoma groups 3 or 4 (sensitivity = 75%-79%; specificity = 92%-99%). Moreover, our adjusted flow chart was useful in ruling out ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytomas, and medulloblastoma sonic hedgehog tumors. CONCLUSIONS The modified flow chart offers a structured tool to aid in the adjunct diagnosis of pediatric posterior fossa tumors. Our results also establish a useful starting point for prospective clinical studies and for the development of automated algorithms, which may provide precise and adequate diagnostic tools for these tumors in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A P F Alves
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., J.S.M.-S. S.R.T., F.G.G., A.V.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology (C.d.C.L.), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
| | - U Löbel
- Radiology Department (U.L., K.M., F.D.), UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - J S Martin-Saavedra
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., J.S.M.-S. S.R.T., F.G.G., A.V.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - S Toescu
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.T.), UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - M H Tsunemi
- Department of Biostatistics (M.H.T.), Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo State University, São Paul, Brazil
| | - S R Teixeira
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., J.S.M.-S. S.R.T., F.G.G., A.V.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - K Mankad
- Radiology Department (U.L., K.M., F.D.), UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - D Hargrave
- Pediatric Oncology Unit (D.H.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - T S Jacques
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C da Costa Leite
- Department of Radiology (C.d.C.L.), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
| | - F G Gonçalves
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., J.S.M.-S. S.R.T., F.G.G., A.V.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - A Vossough
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., J.S.M.-S. S.R.T., F.G.G., A.V.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F D'Arco
- Radiology Department (U.L., K.M., F.D.), UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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Kim H, Kang Y, Li Y, Chen L, Lin L, Johnson ND, Zhu D, Robinson MH, McSwain L, Barwick BG, Yuan X, Liao X, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Shu Q, Chen J, Allen EG, Kenney AM, Castellino RC, Van Meir EG, Conneely KN, Vertino PM, Jin P, Li J. Ten-eleven translocation protein 1 modulates medulloblastoma progression. Genome Biol 2021; 22:125. [PMID: 33926529 PMCID: PMC8082834 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum and brainstem. Frequent somatic mutations and deregulated expression of epigenetic regulators in MB highlight the substantial role of epigenetic alterations. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a highly abundant cytosine modification in the developing cerebellum and is regulated by ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes. RESULTS We investigate the alterations of 5hmC and TET enzymes in MB and their significance to cerebellar cancer formation. We show total abundance of 5hmC is reduced in MB, but identify significant enrichment of MB-specific 5hmC marks at regulatory regions of genes implicated in stem-like properties and Nanog-binding motifs. While TET1 and TET2 levels are high in MBs, only knockout of Tet1 in the smoothened (SmoA1) mouse model attenuates uncontrolled proliferation, leading to a favorable prognosis. The pharmacological Tet1 inhibition reduces cell viability and platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathway-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS These results together suggest a potential key role of 5hmC and indicate an oncogenic nature for TET1 in MB tumorigenesis, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for MBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Kim
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yunhee Kang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas D Johnson
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - M Hope Robinson
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Leon McSwain
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Benjamin G Barwick
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xianrui Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xinbin Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hydrocephalus Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hydrocephalus Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hydrocephalus Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Emily G Allen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Anna M Kenney
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert C Castellino
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Paula M Vertino
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hydrocephalus Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Typical Pediatric Brain Tumors Occurring in Adults-Differences in Management and Outcome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040356. [PMID: 33808415 PMCID: PMC8066180 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult brain tumors mostly distinguish themselves from their pediatric counterparts. However, some typical pediatric brain tumors also occur in adults. The aim of this review is to describe the differences between classification, treatment, and outcome of medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and craniopharyngioma in adults and children. Medulloblastoma is a WHO IV posterior fossa tumor, divided into four different molecular subgroups, namely sonic hedgehog (SHH), wingless (WNT), Group 3, and Group 4. They show a different age-specific distribution, creating specific outcome patterns, with a 5-year overall survival of 25–83% in adults and 50–90% in children. Pilocytic astrocytoma, a WHO I tumor, mostly found in the supratentorial brain in adults, occurs in the cerebellum in children. Complete resection improves prognosis, and 5-year overall survival is around 85% in adults and >90% in children. Craniopharyngioma typically occurs in the sellar compartment leading to endocrine or visual field deficits by invasion of the surrounding structures. Treatment aims for a gross total resection in adults, while in children, preservation of the hypothalamus is of paramount importance to ensure endocrine development during puberty. Five-year overall survival is approximately 90%. Most treatment regimens for these tumors stem from pediatric trials and are translated to adults. Treatment is warranted in an interdisciplinary setting specialized in pediatric and adult brain tumors.
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Qin C, Pan Y, Li Y, Li Y, Long W, Liu Q. Novel Molecular Hallmarks of Group 3 Medulloblastoma by Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Front Oncol 2021; 11:622430. [PMID: 33816256 PMCID: PMC8013995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.622430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly heterogeneous and one of the most malignant pediatric brain tumors, comprising four subgroups: Sonic Hedgehog, Wingless, Group 3, and Group 4. Group 3 MB has the worst prognosis of all MBs. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving the maintenance of malignancy are poorly understood. Here, we employed high-throughput single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing to identify novel molecular features of Group 3 MB, and found that a specific cell cluster displayed a highly malignant phenotype. Then, we identified the glutamate receptor metabotropic 8 (GRM8), and AP-1 complex subunit sigma-2 (AP1S2) genes as two critical markers of Group 3 MB, corresponding to its poor prognosis. Information on 33 clinical cases was further utilized for validation. Meanwhile, a global map of the molecular cascade downstream of the MYC oncogene in Group 3 MB was also delineated using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our data yields new insights into Group 3 MB molecular characteristics and provides novel therapeutic targets for this relentless disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yimin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhe Li
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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38
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Li M, Deng Y, Zhang W. Molecular Determinants of Medulloblastoma Metastasis and Leptomeningeal Dissemination. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:743-752. [PMID: 33608450 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer in pediatrics consisting of four molecular subgroups, namely wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. One of the biggest challenges in the clinical management of this disease is the leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) of tumor cells with high morbidity and mortality. Many molecular regulators to date have been identified to participate in medulloblastoma metastasis. In the SHH subgroup, the co-upregulation of CXCR4 and PDGFR, as well as the activation of c-MET, show significant promigratory effects on medulloblastoma cells. Amplification or overexpression of genes on the long arm of chromosome 17, such as LASP1 and WIP1, facilitates tumor invasion in both Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastomas. PRUNE1, NOTCH1, and MYC interactor JPO2 are more specific genetic drivers of metastatic Group 3 tumors. The RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways are two crucial signal transduction pathways that may work as the convergent downstream mechanism of various metastatic drivers. Extracellular signals and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment also play a vital role in promoting the spread and colonization of medulloblastoma cells. For instance, the stromal granule cells and astrocytes support tumor growth and dissemination by secreting PlGF and CCL2, respectively. Importantly, the genetic divergence has been determined between the matched primary and metastatic medulloblastoma samples. However, the difficulty of obtaining metastatic medulloblastoma tissue hinders more profound studies of LMD. Therefore, identifying and analyzing the subclone with the metastatic propensity in the primary tumor is essential for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Deng
- Department of Pediatrics Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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39
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Beylerli OA, Gareev IF, Alyshov AB, Kudriashov VV. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Medulloblastomas. CREATIVE SURGERY AND ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.24060/2076-3093-2020-10-4-311-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Medulloblastoma drugs in development: Current leads, trials and drawbacks. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113268. [PMID: 33636537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Current treatment for MB includes surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite significant progress in its management, a portion of children relapse and tumor recurrence carries a poor prognosis. Based on their molecular and clinical characteristics, MB patients are clinically classified into four groups: Wnt, Hh, Group 3, and Group 4. With our increased understanding of relevant molecular pathways disrupted in MB, the development of targeted therapies for MB has also increased. Targeted drugs have shown unique privileges over traditional cytotoxic therapies in balancing efficacy and toxicity, with many of them approved and widely used clinically. The aim of this review is to present the recent progress on targeted chemotherapies for the treatment of all classes of MB.
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41
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Katsushima K, Jallo G, Eberhart CG, Perera RJ. Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcaa041. [PMID: 34316694 PMCID: PMC8210177 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be central players in the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. There is an accumulation of evidence on newly discovered lncRNAs, their molecular interactions and their roles in the development and progression of human brain tumors. LncRNAs can have either tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions in different brain cancers, making them attractive therapeutic targets and biomarkers for personalized therapy and precision diagnostics. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the lncRNAs that have been implicated in brain cancer pathogenesis, particularly in gliomas and medulloblastomas. We discuss their epigenetic regulation as well as the prospects of using lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Katsushima
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - George Jallo
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ranjan J Perera
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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42
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Hwang GH, Segal RA. An Architect of the Hindbrain: DDX3X Regulates Normal and Malignant Development. Dev Cell 2021; 54:425-426. [PMID: 32841591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hallmark mutations in WNT and SHH medulloblastoma are usually distinct, but DDX3X is often mutated in both subgroups. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Patmore et al. identify Ddx3x as essential for hindbrain patterning, cell fate determination, and as a tumor suppressor gene that restricts cell lineage progression in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Hwang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Effective inhibition of MYC-amplified group 3 medulloblastoma by FACT-targeted curaxin drug CBL0137. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1029. [PMID: 33268769 PMCID: PMC7710710 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor that can be categorized into four major molecular subgroups. Group 3 MB with MYC amplification (MYCamp-G3-MB) has been shown to be highly aggressive and exhibited worst prognosis, indicating the need for novel effective therapy most urgently. A few epigenetic targeted therapeutic strategies have recently been proven to effectively treat preclinical models of MYCamp-G3-MB, including BET inhibition, HDAC inhibition and SETD8 inhibition, unveiling a promising direction for further investigation. In this study, we carried out systemic bioinformatic analyses of public-available MB datasets as well as functional genomic screening datasets of primary MYCamp-G3-MB lines to search for other potential therapeutic targets within epigenetic modulators. We identified SSRP1, a subunit of histone-chaperone FACT complex, to be the top drug target candidate as it is highly cancer-dependent in whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening across multiple MYCamp-G3-MB lines; significantly upregulated in MYCamp-G3-MB compared to normal cerebellum and most of the rest MB subtypes; its higher expression is correlated with worse prognosis; and it has a blood-brain-barrier penetrable targeted drug that has entered early phase human clinical trials already. Then we utilized RNA-interference approach to verify the cancer-dependency of SSRP1 in multiple MYCamp-G3-MB lines and further confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of FACT-targeted curaxin drug CBL0137 on treating preclinical models of MYCamp-G3-MB in vitro and in vivo, including an orthotopic intracranial xenograft model. Mechanistically, transcriptome analyses showed CBL0137 preferentially suppressed cell-cycle and DNA-repair related biological processes. Moreover, it selectively disrupted transcription of MYC and NEUROD1, two critical oncogenic transcription factors of MYCamp-G3-MB, via depleting FACT complex from their promoter regions. In summary, our study demonstrates FACT-targeted CBL0137 works effectively on treating MYCamp-G3-MB, presenting another promising epigenetic-targeted therapeutic strategy against the most devastating form of MB.
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Han Y, Chen M, Wang H. Production of a SCID mouse model of medulloblastoma to explore the therapeutic value of targeting tumor driver genes. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:108. [PMID: 33335571 PMCID: PMC7739861 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor driver genes are genes where structural or sequence mutations confer a selective advantage for cancer cells. The individualized targeting of tumor driver genes has become a topic of interest for tumor treatment. The prognosis for medulloblastoma (MB), a common type of malignant intracranial tumor found in children, is poor. The tumor driver genes and the corresponding targeted drugs remain to be studied. The present study analyzed tumor driver genes from tumor tissue and peripheral blood from one patient with nodular desmoplastic MB with Sonic Hedgehog activation and screened targeted drugs for the tumor driver genes. Additionally, MB tissue was successfully implanted into the SCID mouse which were then used for subsequent drug screening. The present study explored novel treatments for MB from the perspective of tumor driver genes, and may provide new ideas for choosing individualized targeted therapies for patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Hangzhou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Infante P, Malfanti A, Quaglio D, Balducci S, De Martin S, Bufalieri F, Mastrotto F, Basili I, Garofalo M, Lospinoso Severini L, Mori M, Manni I, Moretti M, Nicoletti C, Piaggio G, Caliceti P, Botta B, Ghirga F, Salmaso S, Di Marcotullio L. Glabrescione B delivery by self-assembling micelles efficiently inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models of Hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:220-231. [PMID: 33249196 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway leads to the development of several tumors, including medulloblastoma (MB), the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Hh inhibitors acting on GLI1, the final effector of Hh signaling, offer a valuable opportunity to overcome the pitfalls of the existing therapies to treat Hh-driven cancers. In this study, the toxicity, delivery, biodistribution, and anticancer efficacy of Glabrescione B (GlaB), a selective GLI1 inhibitor, were investigated in preclinical models of Hh-dependent MB. To overcome its poor water solubility, GlaB was formulated with a self-assembling amphiphilic polymer forming micelles, called mPEG5kDa-cholane. mPEG5kDa-cholane/GlaB showed high drug loading and stability, low cytotoxicity, and long permanence in the bloodstream. We found that mPEG5kDa-cholane efficiently enhanced the solubility of GlaB, thus avoiding the use of organic solvents. mPEG5kDa-cholane/GlaB possesses favorable pharmacokinetics and negligible toxicity. Remarkably, GlaB encapsulated in mPEG5kDa-cholane micelles was delivered through the blood-brain barrier and drastically inhibited tumor growth in both allograft and orthotopic models of Hh-dependent MB. Our findings reveal that mPEG5kDa-cholane/GlaB is a good candidate for the treatment of Hh-driven tumors and provide relevant implications for the translation of GlaB into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Balducci
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Basili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
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Dhanyamraju PK, Patel TN, Dovat S. Medulloblastoma: "Onset of the molecular era". Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9931-9937. [PMID: 33159234 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Among brain tumors, Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common, malignant, pediatric tumors of the cerebellum. It accounts for ~20% of all childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Despite, tremendous advances in drug development processes, as well as novel drugs for MB the morbidity and mortality rates, remain high. Craniospinal radiation, high-dose chemotherapy, and surgical resection are the primary therapeutic strategies. Tremendous progress in the field of "genomics" with vast amounts of data has led to the identification of four distinct molecular subgroups in medulloblastoma: WNT group, SHH group, group-III, and group-IV. The identification of these subgroups has led to individualized treatment strategies for each subgroup. Here, we discuss the various molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma as well as the differences between them. We also highlight the latest treatment strategies available for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Trupti N Patel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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47
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Peleli M, Moustakas A, Papapetropoulos A. Endothelial-Tumor Cell Interaction in Brain and CNS Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7371. [PMID: 33036204 PMCID: PMC7582718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma and other brain or CNS malignancies (like neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma) are difficult to treat and are characterized by excessive vascularization that favors further tumor growth. Since the mean overall survival of these types of diseases is low, the finding of new therapeutic approaches is imperative. In this review, we discuss the importance of the interaction between the endothelium and the tumor cells in brain and CNS malignancies. The different mechanisms of formation of new vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients are discussed. We also describe how the tumor cells (TC) alter the endothelial cell (EC) physiology in a way that favors tumorigenesis. In particular, mechanisms of EC-TC interaction are described such as (a) communication using secreted growth factors (i.e., VEGF, TGF-β), (b) intercellular communication through gap junctions (i.e., Cx43), and (c) indirect interaction via intermediate cell types (pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and immune cells). At the signaling level, we outline the role of important mediators, like the gasotransmitter nitric oxide and different types of reactive oxygen species and the systems producing them. Finally, we briefly discuss the current antiangiogenic therapies used against brain and CNS tumors and the potential of new pharmacological interventions that target the EC-TC interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peleli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
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48
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Haltom AR, Toll SA, Cheng D, Maegawa S, Gopalakrishnan V, Khatua S. Medulloblastoma epigenetics and the path to clinical innovation. J Neurooncol 2020; 150:35-46. [PMID: 32816225 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, a number of genomic and pharmacological studies have demonstrated the importance of epigenetic dysregulation in medulloblastoma initiation and progression. High throughput approaches including gene expression array, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and methylation profiling have now clearly identified at least four molecular subgroups within medulloblastoma, each with distinct clinical and prognostic characteristics. These studies have clearly shown that despite the overall paucity of mutations, clinically relevant events do occur within the cellular epigenetic machinery. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the spectrum of epi-oncogenetic perturbations in medulloblastoma. METHODS Comprehensive review of epigenetic profiles of different subgroups of medulloblastoma in the context of molecular features. Epigenetic regulation is mediated mainly by DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNA). Importantly, epigenetic mis-events are reversible and have immense therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION The widespread epigenetic alterations present in these tumors has generated intense interest in their use as therapeutic targets. We provide an assessment of the progress that has been made towards the development of molecular subtypes-targeted therapies and the current status of clinical trials that have leveraged these recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Haltom
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, USA
| | - Donghang Cheng
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Terry RL, Meyran D, Ziegler DS, Haber M, Ekert PG, Trapani JA, Neeson PJ. Immune profiling of pediatric solid tumors. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3391-3402. [PMID: 32538896 PMCID: PMC7324195 DOI: 10.1172/jci137181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancers, particularly high-risk solid tumors, urgently need effective and specific therapies. Their outlook has not appreciably improved in decades. Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors offer much promise, but most are only approved for use in adults. Though several hundred clinical trials have tested immune-based approaches in childhood cancers, few have been guided by biomarkers or clinical-grade assays developed to predict patient response and, ultimately, to help select those most likely to benefit. There is extensive evidence in adults to show that immune profiling has substantial predictive value, but few studies focus on childhood tumors, because of the relatively small disease population and restricted use of immune-based therapies. For instance, only one published study has retrospectively examined the immune profiles of pediatric brain tumors after immunotherapy. Furthermore, application and integration of advanced multiplex techniques has been extremely limited. Here, we review the current status of immune profiling of pediatric solid tumors, with emphasis on tumor types that represent enormous unmet clinical need, primarily in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Translating optimized and informative immune profiling into standard practice and access to personalized combination therapy will be critical if childhood cancers are to be treated effectively and affordably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L. Terry
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Meyran
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Université de Paris, Inserm, U976 HIPI Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S. Ziegler
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul G. Ekert
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J. Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Wang Q, Kumar V, Lin F, Sethi B, Coulter DW, McGuire TR, Mahato RI. ApoE mimetic peptide targeted nanoparticles carrying a BRD4 inhibitor for treating Medulloblastoma in mice. J Control Release 2020; 323:463-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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