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Liu Y, Ren J, Zhang W, Ding L, Ma R, Zhang M, Zheng S, Liang R, Zhang Y. Astroglial membrane camouflaged Ptbp1 siRNA delivery hinders glutamate homeostasis via SDH/Nrf2 pathway. Biomaterials 2025; 312:122707. [PMID: 39121729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) regulates numerous alternative splicing events during tumor progression and neurogenesis. Previously, PTBP1 downregulation was reported to convert astrocytes into functional neurons; however, how PTBP1 regulates astrocytic physiology remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that PTBP1 modulated glutamate uptake via ATP1a2, a member of Na+/K+-ATPases, and glutamate transporters in astrocytes. Ptbp1 knockdown altered mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, which involved PTBP1 regulating mitochondrial redox homeostasis via the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)/Nrf2 pathway. The malfunction of glutamate transporters following Ptbp1 knockdown resulted in enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission in the cortex. Notably, we developed a biomimetic cationic triblock polypeptide system, i.e., polyethylene glycol44-polylysine30-polyleucine10 (PEG44-PLL30-PLLeu10) with astrocytic membrane coating to deliver Ptbp1 siRNA in vitro and in vivo, which approach allowed Ptbp1 siRNA to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier and target astrocytes in the brain. Collectively, our findings suggest a framework whereby PTBP1 serves as a modulator in glutamate transport machinery, and indicate that biomimetic methodology is a promising route for in vivo siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Liuyan Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Runfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Makeyev EV, Huang S. The perinucleolar compartment: structure, function, and utility in anti-cancer drug development. Nucleus 2024; 15:2306777. [PMID: 38281066 PMCID: PMC10824145 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2306777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) was initially identified as a nuclear structure enriched for the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein. Since then, the PNC has been implicated in carcinogenesis. The prevalence of this compartment is positively correlated with disease progression in various types of cancer, and its expression in primary tumors is linked to worse patient outcomes. Using the PNC as a surrogate marker for anti-cancer drug efficacy has led to the development of a clinical candidate for anti-metastasis therapies. The PNC is a multicomponent nuclear body situated at the periphery of the nucleolus. Thus far, several non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins have been identified as the PNC components. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and function of the PNC, as well as its recurrent links to cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V. Makeyev
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sui Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Liu Y, Wei C, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Ren Y, Pi R. In situ chemical reprogramming of astrocytes into neurons: A new hope for the treatment of central neurodegenerative diseases? Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176930. [PMID: 39179093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Central neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) are tightly associated with extensive neuron loss. Current therapeutic interventions merely mitigate the symptoms of these diseases, falling short of addressing the fundamental issue of neuron loss. Cell reprogramming, involving the transition of a cell from one gene expression profile to another, has made significant strides in the conversion between diverse somatic cell types. This advancement has been facilitated by gene editing techniques or the synergistic application of small molecules, enabling the conversion of glial cells into functional neurons. Despite this progress, the potential for in situ reprogramming of astrocytes in treating neurodegenerative disorders faces challenges such as immune rejection and genotoxicity. A novel avenue emerges through chemical reprogramming of astrocytes utilizing small molecules, circumventing genotoxic effects and unlocking substantial clinical utility. Recent studies have successfully demonstrated the in situ conversion of astrocytes into neurons using small molecules. Nonetheless, these findings have sparked debates, encompassing queries regarding the origin of newborn neurons, pivotal molecular targets, and alterations in metabolic pathways. This review succinctly delineates the background of astrocytes reprogramming, meticulously surveys the principal classes of small molecule combinations employed thus far, and examines the complex signaling pathways they activate. Finally, this article delves into the potential vistas awaiting exploration in the realm of astrocytes chemical reprogramming, heralding a promising future for advancing our understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Cailv Wei
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yu Ren
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518107, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Li Q, Zhang W, Qiao XY, Liu C, Dao JJ, Qiao CM, Cui C, Shen YQ, Zhao WJ. Reducing polypyrimidine tract‑binding protein 1 fails to promote neuronal transdifferentiation on HT22 and mouse astrocyte cells under physiological conditions. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:72. [PMID: 38234625 PMCID: PMC10792410 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to prior findings that have illustrated the conversion of non-neuronal cells into functional neurons through the specific targeting of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), accumulated evidence suggests the impracticality of inducing neuronal transdifferentiation through suppressing PTBP1 expression in pathological circumstances. Therefore, the present study explored the effect of knocking down PTBP1 under physiological conditions on the transdifferentiation of mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells and mouse astrocyte (MA) cells. A total of 20 µM negative control small interfering (si)RNA and siRNA targeting PTBP1 were transfected into HT22 and MA cells using Lipo8000™ for 3 and 5 days, respectively. The expression of early neuronal marker βIII-Tubulin and mature neuronal markers NeuN and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were detected using western blotting. In addition, βIII-tubulin, NeuN and MAP2 were labeled with immunofluorescence staining to evaluate neuronal cell differentiation in response to PTBP1 downregulation. Under physiological conditions, no significant changes in the expression of βIII-Tubulin, NeuN and MAP2 were found after 3 and 5 days of knockdown of PTBP1 protein in both HT22 and MA cells. In addition, the immunofluorescence staining results showed no apparent transdifferentiation in maker levels and morphology. The results suggested that the knockdown of PTBP1 failed to induce neuronal differentiation under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guizhou Nursing Vocational College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ji Dao
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Meng Qiao
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Chun Cui
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Neuroinjury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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