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Wu P, He X, Fan J, Tai Y, Zheng D, Yao Y, Sun S, Luo Y, Chen J, Hu WW, Ying B, Luo F, Niu Q, Sun X, Li Y. Electrochemical cytosensors for non-invasive liquid biopsy: Detection procedures and technologies for circulating tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 267:116818. [PMID: 39353368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Each year, millions of new cancer cases and cancer-related deaths underscore the urgent need for effective, affordable screening methods. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which derived from tumors and shedding into bloodstream, are considered promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy due to their unique biological significance and the substantial volume of supporting research. Among many advanced CTCs detection methods, electrochemical sensing is rapidly developing due to their high selectivity, high sensitivity, low cost, and rapid detection capability, well meeting the growing demand for non-invasive liquid biopsy. This review focuses on the entire procedure of detecting CTCs using electrochemical cytosensors, starting from sample preparation, detailing bio-recognition elements for capturing CTCs, highlighting design strategies of cytosensor, and discussing the prospects and challenges of electrochemical cytosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun He
- Center for High Altitude Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiwen Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunze Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchao Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenchuang Walter Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengming Luo
- Center for High Altitude Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuping Sun
- Center for High Altitude Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Li M. Atomic force microscopy as a nanomechanical tool for cancer liquid biopsy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150637. [PMID: 39226737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have been receiving tremendous attention for their potential to reshape cancer management. Though current studies of cancer liquid biopsy primarily fucus on applying biochemical assays to characterize the genetic/molecular profiles of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their secondary products shed from tumor sites in bodily fluids, delineating the nanomechanical properties of tumor-associated materials in liquid biopsy specimens yields complementary insights into the biology of tumor dissemination and evolution. Particularly, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a standard and versatile toolbox for characterizing the mechanical properties of living biological systems at the micro/nanoscale, and AFM has been increasingly utilized to probe the nanomechanical properties of various tumor-derived analytes in liquid biopsies, including CTCs, tumor-associated cells, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) molecules, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), offering additional possibilities for understanding cancer pathogenesis from the perspective of mechanobiology. Herein, the applications of AFM in cancer liquid biopsy are summarized, and the challenges and future directions of AFM as a nanomechanical analysis tool in cancer liquid biopsy towards clinical utility are discussed and envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Mohammed O, Gizaw ST, Degef M. Potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers of gastric cancer. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2261. [PMID: 39040881 PMCID: PMC11260885 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC), a malignant epithelial tumor, is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therapeutic strategies for GC, despite the biggest challenges, can significantly improve survival rates through early detection and effective screening methods. Aim To provide brief information on the necessity of multiple specific diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers for GC. Methods This review was conducted using a variety of search engines, including PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and others. Results Some potential biomarkers that provide essential information include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), DNA methylation, claudin 18.2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), microRNAs, and serum pepsinogens. Conclusion Multiple tumor markers are essential for screening, tumor identification, staging, prognostic assessment, and monitoring recurrence after therapy due to the absence of a single tumor indicator for diagnosing, prognosticating, and predicting GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDessieEthiopia
| | - Solomon Tebeje Gizaw
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, AAUAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Maria Degef
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, AAUAddis AbabaEthiopia
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Jiang Z, He J, Zhang B, Wang L, Long C, Zhao B, Yang Y, Du L, Luo W, Hu J, Hong X. A Potential "Anti-Warburg Effect" in Circulating Tumor Cell-mediated Metastatic Progression? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2023.1227. [PMID: 38300633 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a defining hallmark of cancer metastasis, warranting thorough exploration. The tumor-promoting function of the "Warburg Effect", marked by escalated glycolysis and restrained mitochondrial activity, is widely acknowledged. Yet, the functional significance of mitochondria-mediated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during metastasis remains controversial. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered metastatic precursors that detach from primary or secondary sites and harbor the potential to seed distant metastases through hematogenous dissemination. A comprehensive metabolic characterization of CTCs faces formidable obstacles, including the isolation of these rare cells from billions of blood cells, coupled with the complexities of ex vivo-culturing of CTC lines or the establishment of CTC-derived xenograft models (CDX). This review summarized the role of the "Warburg Effect" in both tumorigenesis and CTC-mediated metastasis. Intriguingly, bioinformatic analysis of single-CTC transcriptomic studies unveils a potential OXPHOS dominance over Glycolysis signature genes across several important cancer types. From these observations, we postulate a potential "Anti-Warburg Effect" (AWE) in CTCs-a metabolic shift bridging primary tumors and metastases. The observed AWE could be clinically important as they are significantly correlated with therapeutic response in melanoma and prostate patients. Thus, unraveling dynamic metabolic regulations within CTC populations might reveal an additional layer of regulatory complexities of cancer metastasis, providing an avenue for innovative anti-metastasis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofeng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiapeng He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhao Long
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boxi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Longxiang Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyang Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Wang W, Zheng Z, Lei J. CTC, ctDNA, and Exosome in Thyroid Cancers: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13767. [PMID: 37762070 PMCID: PMC10530859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has become more common in recent years all around the world. Many issues still need to be urgently addressed in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Liquid biopsy (mainly circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and circulating exosomes) may provide a novel and ideal approach to solve these issues, allows us to assess the features of diseases more comprehensively, and has a function in a variety of malignancies. Recently, liquid biopsy has been shown to be critical in thyroid cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in numerous previous studies. In this review, by testing CTCs, ctDNA, and exosomes, we focus on the possible clinical role of liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer, including diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and response to therapy. We briefly review how liquid biopsy components have progressed in thyroid cancer by consulting the existing public information. We also discuss the clinical potential of liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer and provide a reference for liquid biopsy research. Liquid biopsy has the potential to be a useful tool in the early detection, monitoring, or prediction of response to therapies and prognosis in thyroid cancer, with promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyao Zheng
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Jiang S, Wang H, Zhu J, Xu X, Chen L, Wang B, Zhou B, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Ma B, Du B, Yang Y. Identify the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Lung Carcinoma Patients Being False Negative in Folate Receptor Based Circulating Tumor Cell Detection. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300055. [PMID: 37330646 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In lung cancer diagnosis, folate receptor (FR)-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) has shown its ability to distinguish malignancy from benign disease to some extent. However, there are still some patients that cannot be identified by FR-based CTC detection. And studies comparing the characteristics between true positive (TP) and false negative (FN) patients are few. Thus, the study comprehensively analyzes the clinicopathological characteristics of FN and TP patients in the current study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3420 patients are enrolled. Combining the pathological diagnosis with CTC results, patients are divided into FN and TP groups, and clinicopathological characteristics are compared between two groups. Compared with TP patients, FN patients have smaller tumor, early T stage, early pathological stage, and without lymph node metastasis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status is different between FN and TP group. And this result is also demonstrated in lung adenocarcinoma subgroup but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. Tumor size, T stage, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and EGFR mutation status may influence the accuracy of FR-based CTC detection in lung cancer. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinnan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linsong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhemin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Benting Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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7
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Dmitrenko B, Gatinois V, D’Ottavi M, El Mouatani A, Bouret P, Debiesse S, Mondain M, Akkari M, Dallemagne M, Pellestor F, Perre PV, Molès JP. Quantification of Female Chimeric Cells in the Tonsils of Male Children and Their Determinants. Cells 2023; 12:2116. [PMID: 37626925 PMCID: PMC10453410 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors influencing mother-to-child cell trafficking and persistence over children's lives have yet to be established. The quantification of maternal microchimerism was previously reported through HLA-based approaches, which introduced bias regarding the tolerogenic environment. We aimed to identify cells of maternal origin irrespective of the HLA repertoire and to ascertain the determinants of microchimeric cells. This case-control study enrolled 40 male infants attending pediatric surgery from January 2022 to October 2022. Female cells were quantified in infants' tonsil tissue by using cytogenetic fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled with optimized automated microscopy. Out of the 40 infants, half (47.4%) had been breastfed for more than one month, a quarter for less a month, and 10 children (26.3%) were never breastfed. XX cells were observed in male tonsils in two-thirds of participants at a median density of 5 cells per 100,000 cells. In univariate analyses, child age was negatively associated with a high female cell density. In exploratory multivariate analyses, previous breastfeeding is a likely determinant of the persistence of these cells in the host, as well as the rank among siblings. Part of the benefit of breastmilk for child health may therefore be driven by breastfeeding-related microchimerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Dmitrenko
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Vincent Gatinois
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 34090 Montpellier, France; (V.G.); (A.E.M.); (P.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Morgana D’Ottavi
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Ahmed El Mouatani
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 34090 Montpellier, France; (V.G.); (A.E.M.); (P.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Pauline Bouret
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 34090 Montpellier, France; (V.G.); (A.E.M.); (P.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Ségolène Debiesse
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Michel Mondain
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.M.); (M.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohamed Akkari
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.M.); (M.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Maxime Dallemagne
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (M.M.); (M.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Franck Pellestor
- Unit of Chromosomal Genetics and Research Plateform Chromostem, Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier CHRU, 34090 Montpellier, France; (V.G.); (A.E.M.); (P.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Philippe Vande Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Molès
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France; (B.D.); (M.D.); (S.D.); (P.V.P.)
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8
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Qu LX, Li JM, Zhong XJ, Chen B, Chen YX, Gao JP, Li X. Cancer of unknown primary site in the mandibular region: A case report. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:210. [PMID: 37123027 PMCID: PMC10131278 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) present with difficulties and produce a poor prognosis. The current study presents the case of a patient with CUP in the mandibular region was treated with docetaxel and lobaplatin chemotherapy, and vascular embolization of the tumor. The tumor size was markedly reduced and the patient's quality of life improved following radiotherapy. The present case report is accompanied by a discussion of the literature to contextualize the treatment regimen for patients with CUP. These findings will support current treatment practices, inform oncologists and benefit patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Qu
- Fifth Department of Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510168, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Li
- Fifth Department of Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510168, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhong
- Department of Intervention, Guangzhou Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510665, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Co-operation and Co-construction Support Department, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xu Chen
- Fifth Department of Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510168, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ping Gao
- International Tumor Medical Center, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510168, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Fifth Department of Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510168, P.R. China
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9
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Yang Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Xiao N, Zheng Z, Liu H, Wan J. Liquid biopsy on the horizon in immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer: current status, challenges, and perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:230. [PMID: 37002211 PMCID: PMC10066332 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most threatening malignancies to human health and life. In most cases, patients with NSCLC are already at an advanced stage when they are diagnosed. In recent years, lung cancer has made great progress in precision therapy, but the efficacy of immunotherapy is unstable, and its response rate varies from patient to patient. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict the outcomes of immunotherapy, such as programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Nevertheless, the detection assays are invasive and demanding on tumor tissue. To effectively predict the outcomes of immunotherapy, novel biomarkers are needed to improve the performance of conventional biomarkers. Liquid biopsy is to capture and detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and exosomes in body fluids, such as blood, saliva, urine, pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid as samples from patients, so as to make analysis and diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. The application of liquid biopsy provides a new possible solution, as it has several advantages such as non-invasive, real-time dynamic monitoring, and overcoming tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy has shown predictive value in immunotherapy, significantly improving the precision treatment of lung cancer patients. Herein, we review the application of liquid biopsy in predicting the outcomes of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients, and discuss the challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Junhu Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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10
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Bai M, Tian X, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhang F, Yang Y, Liu L. Versatile Dynamic Bioactive Lubricant-Infused Surface for Effective Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5307-5315. [PMID: 36930830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The rarity of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the complexity of blood components present major challenges for the efficient isolation of CTCs in blood. The coexisting matters could interfere with the detection of CTCs by adhering to the binding sites on the material surface, leading to the reduced accuracy of biomarker capture in blood. Herein, we developed dynamic bioactive lubricant-infused slippery surfaces by grafting the 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate polymer and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid polymer brushes on quartz plates by UV light-initiated and then grafted cancer cell-binding peptides via reversible catechol-boronate chemistry between phenylboronic acid groups and 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine groups of peptides for high-efficient capture of CTCs and nondestructive release of the desired cells in sugar response. Patterned dynamic bioactive lubricant-infused surfaces (PDBLISs) further exhibited the improved capture efficiency of CTCs and more effective antifouling properties for nonspecific cells and blood components. Moreover, the PDBLIS can efficiently capture rare cancer cells from the mimic of cancer patient's blood samples. We anticipate that the strategy we proposed would be used in further clinical diagnosis of complicated biofluids related to a variety of tumors and exhibit good prospects and potential in future liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Bai
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaohua Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zengkai Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feiyi Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuhe Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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11
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Colorimetric and fluorescence detection of circulating tumor cells based on a bimetallic-organic framework. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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12
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Blood-based DNA methylation signatures in cancer: A systematic review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166583. [PMID: 36270476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation profiles are in dynamic equilibrium via the initiation of methylation, maintenance of methylation and demethylation, which control gene expression and chromosome stability. Changes in DNA methylation patterns play important roles in carcinogenesis and primarily manifests as hypomethylation of the entire genome and the hypermethylation of individual loci. These changes may be reflected in blood-based DNA, which provides a non-invasive means for cancer monitoring. Previous blood-based DNA detection objects primarily included circulating tumor DNA/cell-free DNA (ctDNA/cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes. Researchers gradually found that methylation changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) also reflected the presence of tumors. Blood-based DNA methylation is widely used in early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, dynamic monitoring after treatment and other fields of clinical research on cancer. The reversible methylation of genes also makes them important therapeutic targets. The present paper summarizes the changes in DNA methylation in cancer based on existing research and focuses on the characteristics of the detection objects of blood-based DNA, including ctDNA/cfDNA, CTCs, exosomes and PBMCs, and their application in clinical research.
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Cerón R, Martínez A, Ramos C, De la Cruz A, García A, Mendoza I, Palmeros G, Montaño Figueroa EH, Navarrete J, Jiménez-Morales S, Martinez-Murillo C, Olarte I. Overexpression of BCL2, BCL6, VEGFR1 and TWIST1 in Circulating Tumor Cells Derived from Patients with DLBCL Decreases Event-Free Survival. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1583-1595. [PMID: 36606244 PMCID: PMC9809418 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s386562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous malignant lymphoid neoplasm and is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. More than half of patients with DLBCL can achieve remission with standard R-CHOP regimes; however, approximately 30-40% of patients are still failing this standard therapy, which remains as an important cause of progression and mortality of this disease. It is necessary to have diagnostic and monitoring tools that allow us to improve the accuracy of prognosis in these patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) identification through molecular biomarkers is one of the novel strategies that have been used in other types of cancer, and we aim to use this tool to analyze the potential role in DLBCL. Patients and Methods We analyzed 138 blood samples of patients with DLBCL, of which CTCs were isolated by density gradient for subsequent detection and quantitation of molecular biomarkers using RT-qPCR with TaqMan probes. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results We found overexpression of ABCB1, αSMA, BCL2, BCL6 and VEGFR1 genes, as well as the presence of CK19, EpCAM, KI67, MAGE-A4, SNAIL and TWIST1 genes. CK19 and EpCAM expression were associated with a minor OS (85.7% vs 98.1%, p = 0.002). The overexpression of BCL2, BCL6, VEGFR1 and TWIST1 was related to a minor EFS (p = 0.001). Conclusion This study showed that in liquid biopsies analyzed, the presence of CTCs can be confirmed through molecular biomarkers, and it has an impact on OS and EFs, making this detection useful in the follow-up and prognosis of patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cerón
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Biomedicina, UNAM, CDMX, México,Department of Molecular Biology, Hematology Service, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Martínez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hematology Service, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian Ramos
- Department of Medical Hematology, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián De la Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hematology Service, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anel García
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hematology Service, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iveth Mendoza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hematology Service, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Goujon Palmeros
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hematology Service, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Navarrete
- Department of Hematopathology, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martinez-Murillo
- Department of Medical Hematology, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma Olarte
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hematology Service, Hospital General de México, “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico,Correspondence: Irma Olarte, Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, Alc. Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, ZC. 06726, Mexico, Tel +525527892000 Ext. 1609, Email
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14
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Derderian S, Vesval Q, Wissing MD, Hamel L, Côté N, Vanhuyse M, Ferrario C, Bladou F, Aprikian A, Chevalier S. Liquid biopsy-based targeted gene screening highlights tumor cell subtypes in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2597-2612. [PMID: 36172886 PMCID: PMC9652435 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) clinical heterogeneity underscores tumor heterogeneity, which may be best defined by cell subtypes. To test if cell subtypes contributing to progression can be assessed noninvasively, we investigated whether 14 genes representing luminal, neuroendocrine, and stem cells are detectable in whole blood RNA of patients with advanced PCa. For each gene, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were first validated using RNA from PCa cell lines, and their traceability in blood was assessed in cell spiking experiments. These were next tested in blood RNA of 40 advanced PCa cases and 40 healthy controls. Expression in controls, which was low or negative, was used to define stringent thresholds for gene overexpression in patients to account for normal variation in white blood cells. Thirty-five of 40 patients overexpressed at least one gene. Patients with more genes overexpressed had a higher risk of death (hazard ratio 1.42, range 1.12-1.77). Progression on androgen receptor inhibitors was associated with overexpression of stem (odds ratio [OR] 7.74, range 1.68-35.61) and neuroendocrine (OR 13.10, range 1.24-142.34) genes, while luminal genes were associated with taxanes (OR 2.7, range 1.07-6.82). Analyses in PCa transcriptomic datasets revealed that this gene panel was most prominent in metastases of advanced disease, with diversity among patients. Collectively, these findings support the contribution of the prostate cell subtypes to disease progression. Cell-subtype specific genes are traceable in blood RNA of patients with advanced PCa and are associated with clinically relevant end points. This opens the door to minimally invasive liquid biopsies for better management of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seta Derderian
- Urologic Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute (RI)‐McGill University Health Center (MUHC)MontrealCanada,Department of Surgery (Urology Division)MUHC and McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Quentin Vesval
- Urologic Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute (RI)‐McGill University Health Center (MUHC)MontrealCanada,Department of UrologyCentre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire (CHRU) de RennesRennesFrance
| | - Michel D. Wissing
- Urologic Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute (RI)‐McGill University Health Center (MUHC)MontrealCanada,Department of OncologyMUHC and McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Lucie Hamel
- Urologic Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute (RI)‐McGill University Health Center (MUHC)MontrealCanada
| | - Nathalie Côté
- Urologic Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute (RI)‐McGill University Health Center (MUHC)MontrealCanada
| | - Marie Vanhuyse
- Department of OncologyMUHC and McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Cristiano Ferrario
- Department of OncologyJewish General Hospital (JGH) and McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Franck Bladou
- Department of UrologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Armen Aprikian
- Urologic Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute (RI)‐McGill University Health Center (MUHC)MontrealCanada,Department of Surgery (Urology Division)MUHC and McGill UniversityMontrealCanada,Department of OncologyMUHC and McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Urologic Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research ProgramResearch Institute (RI)‐McGill University Health Center (MUHC)MontrealCanada,Department of Surgery (Urology Division)MUHC and McGill UniversityMontrealCanada,Department of OncologyMUHC and McGill UniversityMontrealCanada,Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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15
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Descamps L, Garcia J, Barthelemy D, Laurenceau E, Payen L, Le Roy D, Deman AL. MagPure chip: an immunomagnetic-based microfluidic device for high purification of circulating tumor cells from liquid biopsies. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4151-4166. [PMID: 36148526 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood, as a liquid biopsy, could lead to a paradigm shift in cancer clinical care by providing an earlier diagnosis, a more accurate prognosis, and personalized treatment. Nevertheless, CTC-specific challenges, including their rarity and heterogeneity, have hampered the wider use of CTCs in clinical studies. Microfluidic-based isolation technologies have emerged as promising tools to circumvent these limitations but still fail to meet the constraints of high purity and short processing time required to ensure compatibility with clinical follow-up. In this study, we developed an immunomagnetic-based microfluidic device, the MagPure chip, to achieve the negative selection of CTCs through the depletion of white blood cells (WBCs) and provide highly purified samples for subsequent analysis. We demonstrate that the MagPure chip depletes all magnetically labeled WBCs (85% of WBCs were successfully labeled) and ensures a CTC recovery rate of 81%. In addition, we show its compatibility with conventional biological studies, including 2D and 3D cell culture, as well as phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Finally, we successfully implemented a two-step separation workflow for whole blood processing by combining a size-based pre-enrichment system (ClearCell FX1®) with the MagPure chip as a subsequent purification step. The total workflow led to high throughput (7.5 mL blood in less than 4 h) and high purity (947 WBCs per mL remaining, 99.99% depletion rate), thus enabling us to quantify CTC heterogeneity in size and tumor marker expression level. This tumor-marker-free liquid biopsy workflow could be used in a clinical context to assess phenotype aggressiveness and the prognosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Descamps
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jessica Garcia
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - David Barthelemy
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Laurenceau
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CICLY UR3738, Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière, ILM UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Laure Deman
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL UMR5270, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
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16
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[Research Progress on the Application of Liquid Biopsy in the Diagnosis
and Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:609-614. [PMID: 36002198 PMCID: PMC9411954 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant tumor with strong invasiveness and high mortality. It has the characteristics of easy metastasis, fast growth, high degree of malignancy and strong invasiveness. The prognosis of patients is generally poor. The current clinical diagnosis of SCLC is mainly based on tissue biopsy, which is invasive, long cycle time and high cost. In recent years, liquid biopsy has been gradually applied because of its non-invasive, comprehensive and real-time characteristics that traditional tissue biopsy does not have. The main detection objects of liquid biopsy include circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes in peripheral blood. The application of liquid biopsy in the clinical treatment of SCLC will help clinicians to improve the detailed diagnosis of SCLC patients, as well as the timely control and response to the treatment response of patients.
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17
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Chen L, Zhou W, Ye Z, Zhong X, Zhou J, Chen S, Liu W, Sun Y, Ren L, Tan X, Cui J, Zeng Z, He W, Ke Z. Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor Cells Based on Subtraction Enrichment for Recurrence Risk in Stage II Colorectal Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35389-35399. [PMID: 35904812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by using clinical high risk factors, with which circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were not considered. Here, an assessment to detect CTCs based on subtraction enrichment mediated by magnetic beads conjugated with CD45, immunofluorescence staining of CK, and fluorescence in situ hybridization of CEP8 is established. Both CEP8- and CK-positive CTCs have the potential to improve the risk stratification of stage II CRC patients. Patients with preoperative CTCs of ≥4 had a significantly higher recurrence risk than those with preoperative CTCs of <4 in two external validation cohorts (P < 0.0001). In the subgroup with clinical high risk, when preoperative CTCs were <4, patients did not benefit from ACT (P = 0.5764); however, when preoperative CTCs were ≥4, patients received benefit from ACT (P = 0.0064). Additionally, regardless of clinical risk status and preoperative CTC levels, if postoperative CTC levels were ≥4 for more than three consecutive time points (monitoring time interval, 2-6 months), the recurrence rate was 100%. Our findings suggested that the subtraction enrichment of CTCs could provide a reliable method to stratify the recurrence risk and make therapeutic decisions after surgery in stage II CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Wenpeng Zhou
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Ziyin Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Zhou
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Ren
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510095, P. R. China
| | - Ji Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
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18
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Luo J, Liu C, Zhu L. Regulatory mechanisms and potential medical applications of HNF1A-AS1 in cancers. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:4154-4168. [PMID: 35836869 PMCID: PMC9274608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as a class of non-protein-coding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides. Previous studies have shown that lncRNAs play a vital role in the progression of multiple diseases, which highlights their potential for medical applications. The lncRNA hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A (HNF1A) antisense RNA 1 (HNF1A-AS1) is known to be abnormally expressed in multiple cancers. HNF1A-AS1 exerts its oncogenic roles through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Moreover, aberrant HNF1A-AS1 expression is associated with diverse clinical features in cancer patients. Therefore, HNF1A-AS1 is a promising biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis and thus a potential candidate for tumor therapy. This review summarizes current studies on the role and the underlying mechanisms of HNF1A-AS1 various cancer types, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, glioma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, osteosarcoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, hemangioma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, as well as gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. We also describe the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of HNF1A-AS1 for multiple cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Sleep, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiang Shi
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Sleep, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junfang Luo
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Sleep, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Sleep, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lixu Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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Plasma cell-free RNA profiling distinguishes cancers from pre-malignant conditions in solid and hematologic malignancies. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:28. [PMID: 35468987 PMCID: PMC9038724 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) in plasma reflects phenotypic alterations of both localized sites of cancer and the systemic host response. Here we report that cfRNA sequencing enables the discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA) biomarkers in plasma with the tissue of origin-specific to cancer types and precancerous conditions in both solid and hematologic malignancies. To explore the diagnostic potential of total cfRNA from blood, we sequenced plasma samples of eight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ten multiple myeloma (MM) patients, 12 patients of their respective precancerous conditions, and 20 non-cancer (NC) donors. We identified distinct gene sets and built classification models using Random Forest and linear discriminant analysis algorithms that could distinguish cancer patients from premalignant conditions and NC individuals with high accuracy. Plasma cfRNA biomarkers of HCC are liver-specific genes and biomarkers of MM are highly expressed in the bone marrow compared to other tissues and are related to cell cycle processes. The cfRNA level of these biomarkers displayed a gradual transition from noncancerous states through precancerous conditions and cancer. Sequencing data were cross-validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and cfRNA biomarkers were validated in an independent sample set (20 HCC, 9 MM, and 10 NC) with AUC greater than 0.86. cfRNA results observed in precancerous conditions require further validation. This work demonstrates a proof of principle for using mRNA transcripts in plasma with a small panel of genes to distinguish between cancers, noncancerous states, and precancerous conditions.
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Tian B, Li Q. Single-Cell Sequencing and Its Applications in Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857037. [PMID: 35574365 PMCID: PMC9097917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most lethal cancers, primary liver cancer (PLC) has high tumor heterogeneity, including the heterogeneity between cancer cells. Traditional methods which have been used to identify tumor heterogeneity for a long time are based on large mixed cell samples, and the research results usually show average level of the cell population, ignoring the heterogeneity between cancer cells. In recent years, single-cell sequencing has been increasingly applied to the studies of PLCs. It can detect the heterogeneity between cancer cells, distinguish each cell subgroup in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and also reveal the clonal characteristics of cancer cells, contributing to understand the evolution of tumor. Here, we introduce the process of single-cell sequencing, review the applications of single-cell sequencing in the heterogeneity of cancer cells, TMEs, oncogenesis, and metastatic mechanisms of liver cancer, and discuss some of the current challenges in the field.
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21
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Froelich MF, Capoluongo E, Kovacs Z, Patton SJ, Lianidou ES, Haselmann V. The value proposition of integrative diagnostics for (early) detection of cancer. On behalf of the EFLM interdisciplinary Task and Finish Group "CNAPS/CTC for early detection of cancer". Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:821-829. [PMID: 35218176 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruptive imaging and laboratory technologies can improve clinical decision processes and outcomes in oncology. However, certain obstacles must be overcome before these technologies can be fully implemented as part of the standard for care. An integrative diagnostic approach represents a unique opportunity to unleash the full diagnostic potential and paves the way towards personalized cancer diagnostics. To meet this demand, an interdisciplinary Task Force of the EFLM was initiated as a consequence of an EFLM/ESR during the CELME 2019 meeting in order to evaluate the clinical value of CNAPS/CTC (circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum/circulating tumor cells) in early detection of cancer. Here, an overview of current disruptive techniques, their clinical implications and potential value of an integrative diagnostic approach is provided. Furthermore, requirements such as the establishment of diagnostic tumor boards, development of adequate software solutions and a change of mindset towards a new generation of diagnosticians providing actionable health information are presented. This development has the potential to elevate the position and clinical recognition of diagnosticians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias F Froelich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Zsolt Kovacs
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | | | - Evi S Lianidou
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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22
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Descamps L, Le Roy D, Deman AL. Microfluidic-Based Technologies for CTC Isolation: A Review of 10 Years of Intense Efforts towards Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041981. [PMID: 35216097 PMCID: PMC8875744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood as a real-time liquid biopsy has received increasing attention over the past ten years, and further analysis of these cells may greatly aid in both research and clinical applications. CTC analysis could advance understandings of metastatic cascade, tumor evolution, and patient heterogeneity, as well as drug resistance. Until now, the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs have been technical challenges to their wider use in clinical studies, but microfluidic-based isolation technologies have emerged as promising tools to address these limitations. This review provides a detailed overview of latest and leading microfluidic devices implemented for CTC isolation. In particular, this study details must-have device performances and highlights the tradeoff between recovery and purity. Finally, the review gives a report of CTC potential clinical applications that can be conducted after CTC isolation. Widespread microfluidic devices, which aim to support liquid-biopsy-based applications, will represent a paradigm shift for cancer clinical care in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Descamps
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière ILM-UMR 5306, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Anne-Laure Deman
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Shishido SN, Sayeed S, Courcoubetis G, Djaladat H, Miranda G, Pienta KJ, Nieva J, Hansel DE, Desai M, Gill IS, Kuhn P, Mason J. Characterization of Cellular and Acellular Analytes from Pre-Cystectomy Liquid Biopsies in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Primary Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:758. [PMID: 35159025 PMCID: PMC8833768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (BCa) is the 10th most frequent cancer in the world, most commonly found among the elderly population, and becomes highly lethal once cells have spread from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues and distant organs. Cystectomy, alone or with other treatments, is used to treat most BCa patients, as it offers the best chance of cure. However, even with curative intent, 29% of patients experience relapse of the cancer, 50% of which occur within the first year of surgery. This study aims to use the liquid biopsy to noninvasively detect disease and discover prognostic markers for disease progression. Using the third generation high-definition single cell assay (HDSCA3.0), 50 bladder cancer patient samples and 50 normal donor (ND) samples were analyzed for circulating rare events in the peripheral blood (PB), including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and large extracellular vesicles (LEVs). Here, we show that (i) CTCs and LEVs are detected in the PB of BCa patients prior to cystectomy, (ii) there is a high heterogeneity of CTCs, and (iii) liquid biopsy analytes correlate with clinical data elements. We observed a significant difference in the incidence of rare cells and LEVs between BCa and ND samples (median of 74.61 cells/mL and 30.91 LEVs/mL vs. 34.46 cells/mL and 3.34 LEVs/mL, respectively). Furthermore, using classification models for the liquid biopsy data, we achieved a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 92% for the identification of BCa patient samples. Taken together, these data support the clinical utility of the liquid biopsy in detecting BCa, as well as the potential for predicting cancer recurrence and survival post-cystectomy to better inform treatment decisions in BCa care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Salmaan Sayeed
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - George Courcoubetis
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Hooman Djaladat
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
| | - Gus Miranda
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Jorge Nieva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Donna E. Hansel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Mihir Desai
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
| | - Inderbir S. Gill
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jeremy Mason
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (S.S.); (G.C.)
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (H.D.); (G.M.); (M.D.); (I.S.G.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
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24
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Min Y, Liu X, Hu D, Chen H, Chen J, Xiang K, Yin G, Han Y, Feng Y, Luo H. Risk Factors, Prognostic Factors, and Nomogram for Distant Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients Without Lymph Node Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:771226. [PMID: 34899606 PMCID: PMC8653828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.771226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node negative (N0) breast cancer can be found coexisting with distant metastasis (DM), which might consequently make clinicians underestimate the risk of relapse and insufficient treatment for this subpopulation. Methods The clinicopathological characteristics of N0 breast cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between January 2010 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate logistic and Cox analyses were used to identify independent risk factors in promoting DM and the 1-, 3-, and 5- year cancer-specific survival (CSS) in this subpopulation. Result Seven factors including age (<40 years), tumor size (>10 mm), race (Black), location (central), grade (poor differentiation), histology (invasive lobular carcinoma), and subtype (luminal B and Her-2 enriched) were associated with DM, and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.776 (95% CI: 0.763-0.790). Moreover, T1-3N0M1 patients with age >60 years at diagnosis, Black race, triple-negative breast cancer subtype, no surgery performed, and multiple DMs presented a worse 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS. The areas under the ROC for 1-, 3-, and 5- year CSS in the training cohort were 0.772, 0.741, and 0.762, respectively, and 0.725, 0.695, and 0.699 in the validation cohort. Conclusion The clinicopathological characteristics associated with the risk of DM and the prognosis of female breast cancer patients without lymph node metastasis but with DM are determined. A novel nomogram for predicting 1-, 3-, 5- year CSS in T1-3N0M1 patients is also well established and validated, which could help clinicians better stratify patients who are at a high-risk level for receiving relatively aggressive management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Feng
- *Correspondence: Haojun Luo, ; Yang Feng,
| | - Haojun Luo
- *Correspondence: Haojun Luo, ; Yang Feng,
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25
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Zhang M, Chen J. [Advances in Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 24:723-728. [PMID: 34696544 PMCID: PMC8560984 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer, with the highest incidence in China, is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Of these, about 85% are patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer have always been a top priority nowadays. Fluid biopsy has many advantages, such as safety, convenience, repeatability, low trauma and so on, which are not available in traditional invasive biopsy. In recent years, with the rapid progress of molecular biological detection technology, fluid biopsy, as a new technology, has become the focus of attention. What's more, it contributes to the development of precision treatment and individualized treatment of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy mainly detects circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes in peripheral blood. We will make an introduce to the detection and clinical applications of ctDNA, CTCs and exocrine in this article, in order that it can provide insights into future clinical treatment for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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26
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Martinez-Dominguez MV, Zottel A, Šamec N, Jovčevska I, Dincer C, Kahlert UD, Nickel AC. Current Technologies for RNA-Directed Liquid Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5060. [PMID: 34680210 PMCID: PMC8534233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is unequivocal acceptance of the variety of enormous potential liquid nucleic acid-based diagnostics seems to offer. However, the existing controversies and the increased awareness of RNA-based techniques in society during the current global COVID-19 pandemic have made the readiness of liquid nucleic acid-based diagnostics for routine use a matter of concern. In this regard-and in the context of oncology-our review presented and discussed the status quo of RNA-based liquid diagnostics. We summarized the technical background of the available assays and benchmarked their applicability against each other. Herein, we compared the technology readiness level in the clinical context, economic aspects, implementation as part of routine point-of-care testing as well as performance power. Since the preventive care market is the most promising application sector, we also investigated whether the developments predominantly occur in the context of early disease detection or surveillance of therapy success. In addition, we provided a careful view on the current biotechnology investment activities in this sector to indicate the most attractive strategies for future economic success. Taken together, our review shall serve as a current reference, at the interplay of technology, clinical use and economic potential, to guide the interested readers in this rapid developing sector of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alja Zottel
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (N.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Neja Šamec
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (N.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Ivana Jovčevska
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (N.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering—IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.V.M.-D.); (U.D.K.)
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Clinic of General-, Visceral-, Vascular-, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Nickel
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.V.M.-D.); (U.D.K.)
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27
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A Novel Approach for Tuning of Fluidic Resistance in Deterministic Lateral Displacement Array for Enhanced Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells. Cognit Comput 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-021-09904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Chemi F, Mohan S, Guevara T, Clipson A, Rothwell DG, Dive C. Early Dissemination of Circulating Tumor Cells: Biological and Clinical Insights. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672195. [PMID: 34026650 PMCID: PMC8138033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a causal role in the development of metastasis, the major cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. In the past decade, the development of powerful cellular and molecular technologies has led to a better understanding of the molecular characteristics and timing of dissemination of CTCs during cancer progression. For instance, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of CTCs, at the single cell level, has shown that CTCs are heterogenous, disseminate early and could represent only a minor subpopulation of the primary tumor responsible for disease relapse. While the impact of molecular profiling of CTCs has not yet been translated to the clinic, CTC enumeration has been widely used as a prognostic biomarker to monitor treatment response and to predict disease relapse. However, previous studies have revealed a major challenge: the low abundance of CTCs in the bloodstream of patients with cancer, especially in early stage disease where the identification and characterization of subsequently "lethal" cells has potentially the greatest clinical relevance. The CTC field is rapidly evolving with development of new technologies to improve the sensitivity of CTC detection, enumeration, isolation, and molecular profiling. Here we examine the technical and analytical validity of CTC technologies, we summarize current data on the biology of CTCs that disseminate early and review CTC-based clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chemi
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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29
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Nathanson SD, Detmar M, Padera TP, Yates LR, Welch DR, Beadnell TC, Scheid AD, Wrenn ED, Cheung K. Mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:117-137. [PMID: 33950409 PMCID: PMC8568733 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer tends to metastasize to lymph nodes and systemic sites. The management of metastasis has evolved by focusing on controlling the growth of the disease in the breast/chest wall, and at metastatic sites, initially by surgery alone, then by a combination of surgery with radiation, and later by adding systemic treatments in the form of chemotherapy, hormone manipulation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and other treatments aimed at inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. It would be valuable for us to know how breast cancer metastasizes; such knowledge would likely encourage the development of therapies that focus on mechanisms of metastasis and might even allow us to avoid toxic therapies that are currently used for this disease. For example, if we had a drug that targeted a gene that is critical for metastasis, we might even be able to cure a vast majority of patients with breast cancer. By bringing together scientists with expertise in molecular aspects of breast cancer metastasis, and those with expertise in the mechanical aspects of metastasis, this paper probes interesting aspects of the metastasis cascade, further enlightening us in our efforts to improve the outcome from breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S David Nathanson
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, 2799 W Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Adam D Scheid
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Emma D Wrenn
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Cheung
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Jean-Baptiste SR, Feigenberg SJ, Dorsey JF, Kao GD. Personal and Prognostic: Tissue and Liquid Biomarkers of Radiotherapeutic Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 31:149-154. [PMID: 33610272 PMCID: PMC9889131 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent treatment advances have improved outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often utilizing tumor molecular characterization to identify targetable mutations. This is further enhanced by advancements in "liquid biopsies", using peripheral blood for noninvasive, serial sampling of tumor biology. While tumor genomic alterations have established therapeutic implications in metastatic NSCLC, research is also ongoing to develop applications for tissue and liquid biomarkers in earlier stage disease, such as patients treated with radiation for early stage or locoregional NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Jean-Baptiste
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Feigenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jay F. Dorsey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania,Corresponding Authors: Gary D. Kao, MD, Ph.D.: , Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Bldg 421 SCTR 8-134, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: 215-573-2285, Jay F. Dorsey, MD, Ph.D.: , Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Bldg 421 SCTR 8-135, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: (215) 662-2428, Fax: (215) 349-5445
| | - Gary D. Kao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania,Corresponding Authors: Gary D. Kao, MD, Ph.D.: , Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Bldg 421 SCTR 8-134, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: 215-573-2285, Jay F. Dorsey, MD, Ph.D.: , Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Bldg 421 SCTR 8-135, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: (215) 662-2428, Fax: (215) 349-5445
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31
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Hu X, Zang X, Lv Y. Detection of circulating tumor cells: Advances and critical concerns. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:422. [PMID: 33850563 PMCID: PMC8025150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death and the major challenge in cancer treatment. Cancer cells in circulation are termed circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Primary tumor metastasis is likely due to CTCs released into the bloodstream. These CTCs extravasate and form fatal metastases in different organs. Analyses of CTCs are clarifying the biological understanding of metastatic cancers. These data are also helpful to monitor disease progression and to inform the development of personalized cancer treatment-based liquid biopsy. However, CTCs are a rare cell population with 1-10 CTCs per ml and are difficult to isolate from blood. Numerous approaches to detect CTCs have been developed based on the physical and biological properties of the cells. The present review summarizes the progress made in detecting CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Hu
- School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu 22300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Yanguan Lv
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
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32
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Xu L, Li R, Wang Z, Cui H, Li W, Yu M, Guo SS, Zhao XZ. Electrospun degradable Zn-Mn oxide hierarchical nanofibers for specific capture and efficient release of circulating tumor cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:495102. [PMID: 32990263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb48b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constructing biological affinity devices is considered as an effective strategy for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and electrospun nanofibers (ESNFs) have recently received attention. However, the current research focuses on polymer fibers, and fabricating stimuli-responsive inorganic nanofibers for cancer diagnosis and analysis is still challenging. In this work, Zn-Mn oxide nanofibers (ZnMnNFs) are used to capture and purify cancer cells after modification with specific antibodies. Then, the hierarchical nanofibers are degraded by reductive weak acid to release the captured cells efficiently without residues. Fusion of Zn and Mn, two transition metals, enhances the surface activity of oxides so that ZnMnNFs are easier to be degraded and modified. By using MCF-7 cancer cells, the cell capture efficiency of ZnMnNFs is up to 88.2%. Furthermore, by using citric acid, it is discovered that, by comparison with Mn oxide nanofibers, the cell release efficiency of ZnMnNFs is improved to 95.1% from 15.4%. In addition, the viability of released cells exceeds 90%. Lastly, the robustness of ZnMnNFs substrates is tested in peripheral blood from breast cancer patients (BCP) and colorectal cancer patients (CCP). Combined with fluorescence labeling, CTCs are confirmed to be isolated from all the clinical samples. This is the first trial of using ternary inorganic ESNFs for cancer cell capture. It is anticipated that the degradable ESNFs will provide biocompatible theranostic platforms and overcome the current limitations of cell release for high-precision gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Shang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
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33
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Zhou J, Tu C, Liang Y, Huang B, Fang Y, Liang X, Ye X. The label-free separation and culture of tumor cells in a microfluidic biochip. Analyst 2020; 145:1706-1715. [PMID: 31895371 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from liquid biopsy have shown a strong correlation to the clinical outcome of cancer patients. The enumeration and cytological analysis of CTCs have attracted increasing efforts for cancer disease management amid immunotherapy and personalized medicine. However, both enumeration and cytological analysis are challenging due to the rarity of CTCs and the lack of integrated solutions for the minimal risk of cell loss in the course of CTC procurement. We report a simple microfluidic chip permitting a one-stop solution for streamlining the on-chip cell separation, capture, immunofluorescence assay and/or in situ culture of isolated cells devoid of risky manual steps. Our results showed effective trapping of single cells, doublets and cell lumps isolated from blood in the same device. On-chip immunostaining revealed normal cell morphology and the characterization of cell expansion uncovered an altered cell growth curve with a reduced lag phase as compared to the conventional culture despite closely matching cell growth rates. The cells were viable and functional for as long as 11 days inside our chip and cell migration was also readily observed, with lumps showing greater aggressiveness than single cells. With these results, we expect promising applications of our one-stop solution for liquid biopsy via CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China and Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Chunlong Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yitao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bobo Huang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yifeng Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of BME of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China and State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Pogliaghi G. Liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer: from circulating biomarkers to a new prospective of tumor monitoring and therapy. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2020; 46:45-61. [PMID: 33213118 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, liquid biopsy has attracted much interest as a tool for early cancer screening, prognosis, monitoring and response to treatment in many different cancer types. Indeed, liquid biopsies can be repeatedly performed in a noninvasive way, at lower cost and without the risks associated to the classic tissue biopsy. The objective of this monography was to describe the main components studied in liquid biopsy (circulating tumor nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles) and how they have been explored in thyroid cancer, through an in-depth scientific literature review. While circulating tumor cells are the most represented component in the literature of liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer, circulating tumor nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles have also been recently explored. One important challenge in this field of research, especially for differentiated thyroid cancer, has been the low quantity of circulating components with respect to other cancer types, requiring more advanced techniques for both isolation and analysis. Despite these limitations, liquid biopsy showed promise as an additional noninvasive tool for diagnosis, prognosis, to predict outcome and therapeutic response in differentiated, medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pogliaghi
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy -
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Olteanu GE, Mihai IM, Bojin F, Gavriliuc O, Paunescu V. The natural adaptive evolution of cancer: The metastatic ability of cancer cells. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:303-309. [PMID: 32020846 PMCID: PMC7416172 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer to adapt renders it one of the most challenging pathologies of all time. It is the most dreaded pathological entity because of its capacity to metastasize to distant sites in the body, and 90% of all cancer-related deaths recorded to date are attributed to metastasis. Currently, three main theories have been proposed to explain the metastatic pathway of cancer: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) hypothesis (1), the cancer stem cell hypothesis (2), and the macrophage-cancer cell fusion hybrid hypothesis (3). We propose a new hypothesis, i.e., under the effect of particular biochemical and/or physical stressors, cancer cells can undergo nuclear expulsion with subsequent macrophage engulfment and fusion, with the formation of cancer fusion cells (CFCs). The existence of CFCs, if confirmed, would represent a novel metastatic pathway and a shift in the extant dogma of cancer; consequently, new treatment targets would be available for this adaptive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe-Emilian Olteanu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara – OncoGen, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana-Maria Mihai
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Bojin
- Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara – OncoGen, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Gavriliuc
- Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara – OncoGen, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Virgil Paunescu
- Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara – OncoGen, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Kolenčík D, Shishido SN, Pitule P, Mason J, Hicks J, Kuhn P. Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Carcinoma: Clinical Applications and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1376. [PMID: 32471160 PMCID: PMC7352156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is characterized by wide intratumor heterogeneity with general genomic instability and there is a need for improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools. The liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive route of sample collection for analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and genomic material, including cell-free DNA (cfDNA), as a complementary biopsy to the solid tumor tissue. The solid biopsy is critical for molecular characterization and diagnosis at the time of collection. The liquid biopsy has the advantage of longitudinal molecular characterization of the disease, which is crucial for precision medicine and patient-oriented treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of CRC and the different methodologies for the detection of CTCs and cfDNA, followed by a discussion on the potential clinical utility of the liquid biopsy in CRC patient care, and lastly, current challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomír Kolenčík
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Stephanie N. Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (J.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Pavel Pitule
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Jeremy Mason
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (J.M.); (J.H.)
- USC Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - James Hicks
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (J.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (J.M.); (J.H.)
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Thanh Huong P, Gurshaney S, Thanh Binh N, Gia Pham A, Hoang Nguyen H, Thanh Nguyen X, Pham-The H, Tran PT, Truong Vu K, Xuan Duong N, Pelucchi C, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P, Nguyen HD, Luu HN. Emerging Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E695. [PMID: 32183503 PMCID: PMC7140068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With over 1 million incidence cases and more than 780,000 deaths in 2018, gastric cancer (GC) was ranked as the 5th most common cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Though several biomarkers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), have been identified, their diagnostic accuracies were modest. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cells derived from tumors and present in body fluids, have recently emerged as promising biomarkers, diagnostically and prognostically, of cancers, including GC. In this review, we present the landscape of CTCs from migration, to the presence in circulation, biologic properties, and morphologic heterogeneities. We evaluated clinical implications of CTCs in GC patients, including diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management, as well as their application in immunotherapy. On the one hand, major challenges in using CTCs in GC were analyzed, from the differences of cut-off values of CTC positivity, to techniques used for sampling, storage conditions, and CTC molecular markers, as well as the unavailability of relevant enrichment and detection techniques. On the other hand, we discussed future perspectives of using CTCs in GC management and research, including the use of circulating tumor microembolies; of CTC checkpoint blockade in immunotherapy; and of organoid models. Despite the fact that there are remaining challenges in techniques, CTCs have potential as novel biomarkers and/or a non-invasive method for diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment monitoring of GC, particularly in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung Thanh Huong
- Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Sanjeev Gurshaney
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Nguyen Thanh Binh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Anh Gia Pham
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Viet-Duc University Hospital, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (A.G.P.); (H.H.N.); (X.T.N.)
| | - Huy Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Viet-Duc University Hospital, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (A.G.P.); (H.H.N.); (X.T.N.)
| | - Xuan Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Viet-Duc University Hospital, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (A.G.P.); (H.H.N.); (X.T.N.)
| | - Hai Pham-The
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (H.P.-T.); (P.-T.T.)
| | - Phuong-Thao Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (H.P.-T.); (P.-T.T.)
| | - Khanh Truong Vu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | | | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical, Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical, Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Hung D. Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Hung N. Luu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburg Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburg, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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38
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Shishido SN, Welter L, Rodriguez-Lee M, Kolatkar A, Xu L, Ruiz C, Gerdtsson AS, Restrepo-Vassalli S, Carlsson A, Larsen J, Greenspan EJ, Hwang ES, Waitman KR, Nieva J, Bethel K, Hicks J, Kuhn P. Preanalytical Variables for the Genomic Assessment of the Cellular and Acellular Fractions of the Liquid Biopsy in a Cohort of Breast Cancer Patients. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:319-337. [PMID: 31978562 PMCID: PMC7103765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy allows assessment of multiple analytes, providing temporal information with potential for improving understanding of cancer evolution and clinical management of patients. Although liquid biopsies are intensely investigated for prediction and response monitoring, preanalytic variables are of primary concern for clinical implementation, including categories of collection method and sample storage. Herein, an integrated high-density single-cell assay workflow for morphometric and genomic analysis of the liquid biopsy is used to characterize the effects of preanalytical variation and reproducibility of data from a breast cancer cohort. Following prior work quantifying performance of commonly used blood collection tubes, this study completes the analysis of four time points to assay (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours), demonstrating precision up to 48 hours after collection for assay sensitivity, highly reproducible rare cell enumeration, morphometric characterization, and high efficiency and capacity for single-cell genomic analysis. For the cell-free analysis, both freezing and use of fresh plasma produced similar quality and quantity of cell-free DNA for sequencing. The genomic analysis (copy number variation and single-nucleotide variation) described herein is broadly applicable to liquid biopsy platforms capable of isolating cell-free and cell-based DNA. Morphometric parameters and genomic signatures of individual circulating tumor cells were evaluated in relation to patient clinical response, providing preliminary evidence of clinical validity as a potential biomarker aiding clinical diagnostics or monitoring progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Shishido
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa Welter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mariam Rodriguez-Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anand Kolatkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liya Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carmen Ruiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna S Gerdtsson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sara Restrepo-Vassalli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anders Carlsson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joe Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily J Greenspan
- Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jorge Nieva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelly Bethel
- Department of Pathology, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, California
| | - James Hicks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Shear stress activates ATOH8 via autocrine VEGF promoting glycolysis dependent-survival of colorectal cancer cells in the circulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:25. [PMID: 32000836 PMCID: PMC6993408 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Metastasis and recurrence, wherein circulating tumour cells (CTCs) play an important role, are the leading causes of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Metastasis-initiating CTCs manage to maintain intravascular survival under anoikis, immune attack, and importantly shear stress; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods In view of the scarcity of CTCs in the bloodstream, suspended colorectal cancer cells were flowed into the cyclic laminar shear stress (LSS) according to previous studies. Then, we detected these suspended cells with a CK8+/CD45−/DAPI+ phenotype and named them mimic circulating tumour cells (m-CTCs) for subsequent CTCs related researches. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were utilised to analyse gene expression change of m-CTCs sensitive to LSS stimulation. Additionally, we examined atonal bHLH transcription factor 8 (ATOH8) expressions in CTCs among 156 CRC patients and mice by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and flow cytometry. The pro-metabolic and pro-survival functions of ATOH8 were determined by glycolysis assay, live/dead cell vitality assay, anoikis assay, and immunohistochemistry. Further, the concrete up-and-down mechanisms of m-CTC survival promotion by ATOH8 were explored. Results The m-CTCs actively responded to LSS by triggering the expression of ATOH8, a fluid mechanosensor, with executive roles in intravascular survival and metabolism plasticity. Specifically, ATOH8 was upregulated via activation of VEGFR2/AKT signalling pathway mediated by LSS induced VEGF release. ATOH8 then transcriptionally activated HK2-mediated glycolysis, thus promoting the intravascular survival of colorectal cancer cells in the circulation. Conclusions This study elucidates a novel mechanism that an LSS triggered VEGF-VEGFR2-AKT-ATOH8 signal axis mediates m-CTCs survival, thus providing a potential target for the prevention and treatment of hematogenous metastasis in CRC.
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Zhou J, Papautsky I. Viscoelastic microfluidics: progress and challenges. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:113. [PMID: 34567720 PMCID: PMC8433399 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of cells and particles suspended in viscoelastic fluids in microchannels has drawn increasing attention, in part due to the ability for single-stream three-dimensional focusing in simple channel geometries. Improvement in the understanding of non-Newtonian effects on particle dynamics has led to expanding exploration of focusing and sorting particles and cells using viscoelastic microfluidics. Multiple factors, such as the driving forces arising from fluid elasticity and inertia, the effect of fluid rheology, the physical properties of particles and cells, and channel geometry, actively interact and compete together to govern the intricate migration behavior of particles and cells in microchannels. Here, we review the viscoelastic fluid physics and the hydrodynamic forces in such flows and identify three pairs of competing forces/effects that collectively govern viscoelastic migration. We discuss migration dynamics, focusing positions, numerical simulations, and recent progress in viscoelastic microfluidic applications as well as the remaining challenges. Finally, we hope that an improved understanding of viscoelastic flows in microfluidics can lead to increased sophistication of microfluidic platforms in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
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Zhou J, Mukherjee P, Gao H, Luan Q, Papautsky I. Label-free microfluidic sorting of microparticles. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:041504. [PMID: 31832577 PMCID: PMC6906121 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive growth of the microfluidics field has triggered numerous advances in focusing, separating, ordering, concentrating, and mixing of microparticles. Microfluidic systems capable of performing these functions are rapidly finding applications in industrial, environmental, and biomedical fields. Passive and label-free methods are one of the major categories of such systems that have received enormous attention owing to device operational simplicity and low costs. With new platforms continuously being proposed, our aim here is to provide an updated overview of the state of the art for passive label-free microparticle separation, with emphasis on performance and operational conditions. In addition to the now common separation approaches using Newtonian flows, such as deterministic lateral displacement, pinched flow fractionation, cross-flow filtration, hydrodynamic filtration, and inertial microfluidics, we also discuss separation approaches using non-Newtonian, viscoelastic flow. We then highlight the newly emerging approach based on shear-induced diffusion, which enables direct processing of complex samples such as untreated whole blood. Finally, we hope that an improved understanding of label-free passive sorting approaches can lead to sophisticated and useful platforms toward automation in industrial, environmental, and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Prithviraj Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Qiyue Luan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Xue M, Xiang A, Guo Y, Wang L, Wang R, Wang W, Ji G, Lu Z. Dynamic Halbach array magnet integrated microfluidic system for the continuous-flow separation of rare tumor cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38496-38504. [PMID: 35540230 PMCID: PMC9075830 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the most representative rare cells in peripheral blood, have received great attention due to their clinical utility in liquid biopsy. The downstream analysis of intact CTCs isolated from peripheral blood provides important clinical information for personalized medicine. However, current CTC isolation and detection methods have been challenged by their extreme rarity and heterogeneity. In this study, we developed a novel microfluidic system with a continuously moving Halbach array magnet (dHAMI microfluidic system) for negative isolation CTCs from whole blood, which aimed to capture non-target white blood cells (WBCs) and elute target CTCs. The dynamic and continuous movement of the Halbach array magnet generated a continuous magnetic force acting on the magnetic bead-labelled WBCs in the continuous-flow fluid to negatively exclude the WBCs from the CTCs. Furthermore, the continuously moving magnetic field effectively eliminated the effect of magnetic bead aggregation on the fluid flow to realize the continuous-flow separation of the CTCs without a sample loading volume limitation. The experimental procedure for CTC negative isolation using the dHAMI microfluidic system could be completed within 40 min. Under the optimized experimental conditions of the dHAMI microfluidic system, including the flow rate and concentration of the immunomagnetic bead, the average CTC capture rate over a range of spiked cell numbers (50–1000 cancer cells per mL) was up to 91.6% at a flow rate of 100 μL min−1. Finally, the CTCs were successfully detected in 10 of 10 (100%) blood samples from patients with cancer. Therefore, the dHAMI microfluidic system could effectively isolate intact and heterogeneous CTCs for downstream cellular and molecular analyses, and this robust microfluidic platform with an excellent magnetic manipulation performance also has great application potential for the separation of other rare cells. We develop a dynamic Halbach array magnet integrated microfluidic system for continuous-flow separation of circulating tumor cells from whole blood.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - An Xiang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhai Guo
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Rou Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ji
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
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Gall TMH, Belete S, Khanderia E, Frampton AE, Jiao LR. Circulating Tumor Cells and Cell-Free DNA in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:71-81. [PMID: 30558725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is detected late in the disease process and has an extremely poor prognosis. A blood-based biomarker that can enable early detection of disease, monitor response to treatment, and potentially allow for personalized treatment would be of great benefit. This review analyzes the literature regarding two potential biomarkers, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), with regard to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The origin of CTCs and the methods of detection are discussed and a decade of research examining CTCs in pancreatic cancer is summarized, including both levels of CTCs and analyzing their molecular characteristics and how they may affect survival in both advanced and early disease and allow for treatment monitoring. The origin of cfDNA is discussed, and the literature over the past 15 years is summarized. This includes analyzing cfDNA for genetic mutations and methylation abnormalities, which have the potential to be used for the detection and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the research certainly remains in the experimental stage, warranting future large trials in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M H Gall
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Samuel Belete
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esha Khanderia
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Long R Jiao
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Rossi E, Zamarchi R. Single-Cell Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells: How Far Have We Come in the -Omics Era? Front Genet 2019; 10:958. [PMID: 31681412 PMCID: PMC6811661 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells detach from the primary tumor or metastatic sites and enter the peripheral blood, often causing metastasis. These cells, named Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), display the same spatial and temporal heterogeneity as the primary tumor. Since CTCs are involved in tumor progression, they represent a privileged window to disclose mechanisms of metastases, while -omic analyses at the single-cell level allow dissection of the complex relationships between the tumor subpopulations and the surrounding normal tissue. However, in addition to reporting the proof of concept that we can query CTCs to reveal tumor evolution throughout the continuum of treatment for early detection of resistance to therapy, the scientific literature has also been highlighting the disadvantages of CTCs, which hampers a routine use of this approach in clinical practice. To date, an increasing number of CTC technologies, as well as -omics methods, have been employed, mostly lacking strong comparative analyses. The rarity of CTCs also represents a major challenge, because there is no consensus regarding the minimal criteria necessary and sufficient to define an event as CTC; moreover, we cannot often compare data from of one study with that of another. Finally, the availability of an individual tumor profile undermines the traditional histology-based treatment. Applying molecular data for patient benefit implies a collective effort by biologists, bioengineers, and clinicians, to create tools to interpret molecular data and manage precision medicine in every single patient. Herein, we focus on the most recent findings in CTC −omics to learn how far we have come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Rita Zamarchi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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45
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Zhao P, Zhou W, Liu C, Zhang H, Cheng Z, Wu W, Liu K, Hu H, Zhong C, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Liu F, Dai Y, Wang J, Zou C. Establishment and Characterization of a CTC Cell Line from Peripheral Blood of Breast Cancer Patient. J Cancer 2019; 10:6095-6104. [PMID: 31762819 PMCID: PMC6856591 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based patient-derived cells are ideal models for investigating the molecular basis of cancer. However, the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs as well as the difficulties of primary culture limit their practical application. Establishing efficient in vitro culture methods and functionally characterizing CTCs is essential for cancer studies. To this end, we developed an experimental protocol for the isolation, expansion, and identification of breast cancer CTCs. Methods: The CTC-3 cell line was established from peripheral blood cells of a breast cancer patient. A karyotype analysis was performed. The molecular profile was assessed by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot. The characteristics of tumors formed by CTC-3 cells were evaluated by cell growth and tumor sphere formation assays and in a mouse xenograft model. The tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: The CTC-3 cell line showed more aggressive growth both in vitro and in vivo than the widely used MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. CTC-3 cells were also more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, and gene profiling indicated higher expression levels of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness markers as compared to MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: CTC-3 cells are a better model for investigating the malignant behavior of breast cancer than existing cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of breast and thyroid surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China.,Central Laboratory, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Huirong Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Weiqing Wu
- Department of Health Management, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of breast and thyroid surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Caineng Zhong
- Department of breast and thyroid surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yayuan Zhang
- Department of breast and thyroid surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Dongxian Zhou
- Department of breast and thyroid surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Feiyuan Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
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46
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Circulating Tumour Cells in Lung Cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 2019. [PMID: 31605226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26439-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) constitute a potential tumour surrogate that could serve as "liquid biopsy" with the advantage to be a minimally invasive approach compared to traditional tissue biopsies. As CTCs are thought to be the source of metastatic lesions, their analysis represents a potential means of tracking cancer cells from the primary tumour en route to distant sites, thus providing valuable insights into the metastatic process. However, several problems, such as their rarity in the peripheral blood, the technical limitations of single-cell downstream analysis and their phenotypic variability, make CTC detection and molecular characterisation very challenging. Nevertheless, in the last decade, there has been an exponential increase of interest in the development of powerful cellular and molecular methodologies applied to CTCs. In this chapter, we focus on the recent advances of functional studies and molecular profiling of CTCs. We will also highlight the clinical relevance of CTC detection and enumeration, and discuss their potential as tumour biomarkers with special focus on lung cancer.
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47
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Zhou J, Papautsky I. Size-dependent enrichment of leukocytes from undiluted whole blood using shear-induced diffusion. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3416-3426. [PMID: 31490514 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00786e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Little work has been done in microfluidics with separation of cells directly from whole blood, and the handful of microfluidic systems reported the literature offer only limited throughput. Yet high throughput is highly desirable to avoid degradation of samples, which can result in loss of information critical to disease diagnosis or monitoring. In this work, we investigated particle migration dynamics in whole blood flow at a single-particle level and subsequently successfully demonstrated the preferential enrichment of white blood cells (WBCs) in unprocessed whole blood flows flanking a buffer flow. Our in-depth investigation reveals a counter-intuitive, size-based migration of cells in whole blood flow and their tendency to accumulate in the regions near flow interfaces, which is employed for inherent enrichment of WBCs. More importantly, we found the strong size-dependent migration in blood flow stemming from the differentiated downstream velocity of particles, which inversely scales with particle size. Our new insights improve understanding of this counterintuitive microfluidics field, offering guidance for new device design to directly handle whole blood and to expand the applications to meet the real-world need for ultra-fast cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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48
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Chen D, Wen J, Zeng S, Ma H. DNA fragment‐assisted microfluidic chip for capture and release of circulating tumor cells. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2845-2852. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengyi Chen
- College of Laboratory MedicineDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Laboratory MedicineDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Shaojiang Zeng
- College of Laboratory MedicineDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Huipeng Ma
- College of Laboratory MedicineDalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning Province P. R. China
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49
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Abstract
The complexity of human cancer underlies its devastating clinical consequences. Drugs designed to target the genetic alterations that drive cancer have improved the outcome for many patients, but not the majority of them. Here, we review the genomic landscape of cancer, how genomic data can provide much more than a sum of its parts, and the approaches developed to identify and validate genomic alterations with potential therapeutic value. We highlight notable successes and pitfalls in predicting the value of potential therapeutic targets and discuss the use of multi-omic data to better understand cancer dependencies and drug sensitivity. We discuss how integrated approaches to collecting, curating, and sharing these large data sets might improve the identification and prioritization of cancer vulnerabilities as well as patient stratification within clinical trials. Finally, we outline how future approaches might improve the efficiency and speed of translating genomic data into clinically effective therapies and how the use of unbiased genome-wide information can identify novel predictive biomarkers that can be either simple or complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Doherty
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Michele Petruzzelli
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; ,
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Beddowes
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; ,
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Saif S Ahmad
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; ,
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; ,
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; ,
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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50
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Abstract
Precision medicine is emerging as a cornerstone of future cancer care with the objective of providing targeted therapies based on the molecular phenotype of each individual patient. Traditional bulk-level molecular phenotyping of tumours leads to significant information loss, as the molecular profile represents an average phenotype over large numbers of cells, while cancer is a disease with inherent intra-tumour heterogeneity at the cellular level caused by several factors, including clonal evolution, tissue hierarchies, rare cells and dynamic cell states. Single-cell sequencing provides means to characterize heterogeneity in a large population of cells and opens up opportunity to determine key molecular properties that influence clinical outcomes, including prognosis and probability of treatment response. Single-cell sequencing methods are now reliable enough to be used in many research laboratories, and we are starting to see applications of these technologies for characterization of human primary cancer cells. In this review, we provide an overview of studies that have applied single-cell sequencing to characterize human cancers at the single-cell level, and we discuss some of the current challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Rantalainen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Vag 12A, Stockholm, Sweden
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