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Pánczél J, Schudok M, Schiell M, Riedel J, Kertesz V. An Effective QWBA/UHPLC-MS/Tissue Punch Approach: Solving a Pharmacokinetic Issue via Quantitative Met-ID. Drug Metab Lett 2021; 14:152-162. [PMID: 34818998 DOI: 10.2174/1872312814666210813114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods to provide absolute quantitation of the administered drug and corresponding metabolites in tissue in a spatially resolved manner is a challenging but much needed capability in pharmaceutical research. Quantitative Whole-Body Autoradiography (QWBA) after a single- dose intravenous (3 mg/kg) and extravascular (30 mg/kg) administrations of an in vitro metabolically stable test compound (structure not reported here) indicated quick tissue distribution and excretion. OBJECTIVE Good bioavailability and short in vivo half-lives were determined formerly for the same test compound. For closing gaps in the understanding of pharmacokinetic data and in vitro results, radioactive hot spots on whole-body tissue sections had been profiled. METHODS Punches from selected tissue regions containing high radioactivity in the tissue sections previously analyzed by QWBA were extracted by a highly organic solvent and analyzed without any consecutive sample preparation step, applying Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and off-line radioanalysis to maximize signal levels for metabolite identification and profiling. RESULTS The analysis revealed that the test compound was metabolized intensively by phase I reactions in vivo and the metabolites formed were excreted in bile and urine. The predominant metabolites showed abundant signal intensities both by MS and by radioanalysis but the MS signal intensities generally underestimated the real abundances of metabolites relative to the unchanged drug. CONCLUSION This work illustrates that maximizing the sensitivity of tissue punch radioanalysis and the combination with UHPLC-MS leads to a better insight into pharmacokinetic processes by providing quantitative data with high molecular selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Pánczél
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manfred Schudok
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiell
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Riedel
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biological Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN 37831, United States
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Cuny H, Kristianto E, Hodson MP, Dunwoodie SL. Simultaneous quantification of 26 NAD-related metabolites in plasma, blood, and liver tissue using UHPLC-MS/MS. Anal Biochem 2021; 633:114409. [PMID: 34648806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a key metabolic intermediate found in all cells and involved in numerous cellular functions. Perturbances in the NAD metabolome are linked to various diseases such as diabetes and schizophrenia, and to congenital malformations and recurrent miscarriage. Mouse models are central to the investigation of these and other NAD-related conditions because mice can be readily genetically modified and treated with diets with altered concentrations of NAD precursors. Simultaneous quantification of as many metabolites of the NAD metabolome as possible is required to understand which pathways are affected in these disease conditions and what are the functional consequences. Here, we report the development of a fit-for-purpose method to simultaneously quantify 26 NAD-related metabolites and creatinine in mouse plasma, whole blood, and liver tissue using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The included metabolites represent dietary precursors, intermediates, enzymatic cofactors, and excretion products. Sample preparation was optimized for each matrix and included 21 isotope-labeled internal standards. The method reached adequate precision and accuracy for the intended context of use of exploratory pathway-related biomarker discovery in mouse models. The method was tested by determining metabolite concentrations in mice fed a special diet with defined precursor content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Cuny
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Esther Kristianto
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Innovation Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia.
| | - Mark P Hodson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Innovation Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia; School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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The Application of Mass Spectrometry in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33834449 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) are fundamental in drug discovery. New chemical entities (NCEs) are typically evaluated with various in vitro and in vivo assays, which are time-consuming and labor intensive. These experiments are essential in identifying potential new drugs. Recently, mass spectrometry (MS) has played a key role in examining the drug-like properties of NCEs. Quantitative and qualitative mass spectrometry approaches are routinely utilized to obtain high-quality data in an efficient, timely, and cost-effective manner. Especially, liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with MS technology has been refined for metabolite identification (Met ID), which is critical for lead optimization. These qualitative and quantitative MS approaches and their specific utility in DMPK characterization will be described in this chapter.
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Kertesz V, Cahill JF, Srijanto BR, Collier CP, Vavrek M, Chen B. Absolute quantitation of propranolol from 200-μm regions of mouse brain and liver thin tissues using laser ablation-dropletProbe-mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9010. [PMID: 33232548 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The ability to quantify drugs and metabolites in tissue with sub-mm resolution is a challenging but much needed capability in pharmaceutical research. To fill this void, a novel surface sampling approach combining laser ablation with the commercial dropletProbe automated liquid surface sampling system (LA-dropletProbe) was developed and is presented here. METHODS Parylene C-coated 200 × 200 μm tissue regions of mouse brain and kidney thin tissue sections were analyzed for propranolol by laser ablation of tissue directly into a preformed liquid junction. Propranolol was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) in positive electrospray ionization mode. Quantitation was achieved via application of a stable-isotope-labeled internal standard and an external calibration curve. RESULTS The absolute concentrations of propranolol determined from 200 × 200 μm tissue regions were compared with the propranolol concentrations obtained from 2.3-mm-diameter tissue punches of adjacent, non-coated sections using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols followed by regular HPLC/MS/MS analysis. The average concentration of propranolol in both organs determined by the two employed methods agreed to within ±12%. Furthermore, the relative abundances of phase II hydroxypropranolol glucuronide metabolites were recorded and found to be consistent with previous results. CONCLUSIONS This work illustrates that depositing a thin layer of parylene C onto thin tissue prior to analysis, which seals the surface and prevents direct liquid extraction of the drug from the tissue, coupled to the novel LA-dropletProbe surface sampling system is a viable approach for sub-mm resolution quantitative drug distribution analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - John F Cahill
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Bernadeta R Srijanto
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Charles P Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Bingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
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Kertesz V, Cahill JF, Srijanto BR, Collier CP, Vavrek M, Chen B. Integrated laser ablation-dropletProbe-mass spectrometry for absolute drug quantitation, metabolite detection, and distribution in tissue. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9202. [PMID: 34545636 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spatially resolved and accurate quantitation of drug-related compounds in tissue is a much-needed capability in drug discovery research. Here, application of an integrated laser ablation-dropletProbe-mass spectrometry surface sampling system (LADP-MS) is reported, which achieved absolute quantitation of propranolol measured from <500 × 500 μm thin tissue samples. METHODS Mouse liver and kidney thin tissue sections were coated with parylene C and analyzed for propranolol by a laser ablation/liquid extraction workflow. Non-coated adjacent sections were microdissected for validation and processed using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols. High-performance liquid chromatography with positive ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was applied to detect the drug and its metabolites. RESULTS Absolute propranolol concentration in ~500 × 500 μm tissue regions measured by the two methods agreed within ±8% and had a relative standard deviation within ±17%. Quantitation down to ~400 × 400 μm tissue regions was shown, and this resolution was also used for automated mapping of propranolol and phase II hydroxypropranolol glucuronide metabolites in kidney tissue. CONCLUSIONS This study exemplifies the capabilities of integrated laser ablation-dropletProbe-mass spectrometry (LADP-MS) for high resolution absolute drug quantitation analysis of thin tissue sections. This capability will be valuable for applications needing to quantitatively understand the spatial distribution of small molecules in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - John F Cahill
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bernadeta R Srijanto
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles P Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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Shaik KM, Sarmah B, Wadekar GS, Kumar P. Regulatory Updates and Analytical Methodologies for Nitrosamine Impurities Detection in Sartans, Ranitidine, Nizatidine, and Metformin along with Sample Preparation Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:53-71. [PMID: 32691615 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1788375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaja Moinuddin Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), P.O.: Changsari, Dist: Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
| | - Bhaskar Sarmah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), P.O.: Changsari, Dist: Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
| | - Gaurav Suresh Wadekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), P.O.: Changsari, Dist: Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), P.O.: Changsari, Dist: Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
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Zhang X, Ding X, Wang J, Dean B. Supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for high throughput bioanalysis of small molecules in drug discovery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ding B, Wang Z, Xie J, Zeng G, Chen W. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in Chinese tonic liquors by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2018; 11:214-222. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2018.1488769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangdong Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangdong Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangdong Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangfeng Zeng
- Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangdong Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Chen
- Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangdong Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, China
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Valdez CA, Leif RN, Hok S, Alcaraz A. Assessing the reliability of the NIST library during routine GC-MS analyses: Structure and spectral data corroboration for 5,5-diphenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one during a recent OPCW proficiency test. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:419-422. [PMID: 29488285 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Valdez
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Forensic Science Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Roald N Leif
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Forensic Science Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Saphon Hok
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Forensic Science Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Armando Alcaraz
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- Forensic Science Center, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
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Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI. The promise of targeted proteomics for quantitative network biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 54:88-97. [PMID: 29550704 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is a powerful tool for obtaining information on a large number of proteins with regard to their expression levels, interactions with other molecules, and posttranslational modifications. Whereas nontargeted, discovery proteomics uncovers differences in the proteomic landscape under different conditions, targeted proteomics has been developed to overcome the limitations of this approach with regard to quantitation. In addition to technical advances in instruments and informatics tools, the advent of the synthetic proteome composed of synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins has advanced the adoption of targeted proteomics across a wide range of research fields. Targeted proteomics can now be applied to measurement of the dynamics of any proteins of interest under a variety of conditions as well as to estimation of the absolute abundance or stoichiometry of proteins in a given network. Multiplexed targeted proteomics assays of high reproducibility and accuracy can provide insight at the quantitative level into entire networks that govern biological phenomena or diseases. Such assays will establish a new paradigm for data-driven science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Division of Proteomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Division of Proteomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Immunoaffinity LC–MS/MS for quantitative determination of a free and total protein target as a target engagement biomarker. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1573-1588. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: IP-10 is a protein target for the treatment of Crohn's disease. Inhibition of IP-10 by anti-IP-10 mAbs neutralizes its various biological activities. The measurement of free IP-10 suppression as a target engagement biomarker is required for the assessment of drug effect on the target. Results: The development of highly sensitive immunoaffinity-LC–MS/MS assays for quantifying free and total IP-10 in cynomolgus monkey serum is reported for the first time. This paper details strategies for maximizing assay sensitivity by selecting digestion routes, and optimizing immunocapture to achieve full recovery and minimal matrix effect. For the free IP-10 assay, bioanalytical strategies have been established to minimize drug/ligand dissociation. Conclusion: The assays have been implemented for target engagement measurement, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation, and human dose projections.
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Kertesz V, Weiskittel TM, Vavrek M, Freddo C, Van Berkel GJ. Extraction efficiency and implications for absolute quantitation of propranolol in mouse brain, liver and kidney tissue sections using droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1705-1712. [PMID: 28328034 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Currently, the absolute quantitation aspects of droplet-based surface sampling for tissue analysis using a fully automated autosampler/high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) system have not been fully evaluated. Knowledge of extraction efficiency and its reproducibility is required to judge the potential of the method for absolute quantitation of analytes from tissue sections. METHODS Adjacent tissue sections of propranolol-dosed mouse brain (10-μm-thick), kidney (10-μm-thick) and liver (8-, 10-, 16- and 24-μm-thick) were obtained. The absolute concentration of propranolol was determined in tissue punches from serial sections using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols and subsequent HPLC separations and MS/MS analysis. These values were used to determine propranolol extraction efficiency from the tissues with the droplet-based surface sampling approach. RESULTS Extraction efficiency of propranolol using 10-μm-thick brain, kidney and liver tissues using droplet-based surface sampling varied between ~45 and 63%. The extraction efficiency decreased from ~65% to ~36% with liver thickness increasing from 8 μm to 24 μm. Selecting half of the samples as standards, the precision and accuracy of propranolol concentrations were determined for the other half of the samples that were employed as a quality control data set. The resulting precision (±15%) and accuracy (±3%) were within acceptable limits. CONCLUSIONS Quantitation of adjacent mouse tissue sections of different organs and of various thicknesses by droplet-based surface sampling in comparison with bulk extraction of tissue punches showed that extraction efficiency was incomplete using the former method, and that it depended on the organ and tissue thickness. However, once extraction efficiency was determined and applied, the droplet-based approach provided satisfactory quantitation accuracy and precision for assay validations. Thus, once the extraction efficiency was calibrated for a given tissue type, tissue thickness and drug, the droplet-based approach provides a non-labour-intensive and high-throughput means to acquire spatially resolved quantitative analysis of multiple samples of the same type. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
| | - Taylor M Weiskittel
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
- ORISE HERE Intern, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Carol Freddo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Gary J Van Berkel
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
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Chen W, Wang L, Van Berkel GJ, Kertesz V, Gan J. Quantitation of repaglinide and metabolites in mouse whole-body thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1439:137-143. [PMID: 26589943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herein, quantitation aspects of a fully automated autosampler/HPLC-MS/MS system applied for unattended droplet-based surface sampling of repaglinide dosed thin tissue sections with subsequent HPLC separation and mass spectrometric analysis of parent drug and various drug metabolites were studied. Major organs (brain, lung, liver, kidney and muscle) from whole-body thin tissue sections and corresponding organ homogenates prepared from repaglinide dosed mice were sampled by surface sampling and by bulk extraction, respectively, and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. A semi-quantitative agreement between data obtained by surface sampling and that by employing organ homogenate extraction was observed. Drug concentrations obtained by the two methods followed the same patterns for post-dose time points (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 h). Drug amounts determined in the specific tissues was typically higher when analyzing extracts from the organ homogenates. In addition, relative comparison of the levels of individual metabolites between the two analytical methods also revealed good semi-quantitative agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Chen
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Lifei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Gary J Van Berkel
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Jinping Gan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Bao J, Krylova SM, Cherney LT, Le Blanc JCY, Pribil P, Johnson PE, Wilson DJ, Krylov SN. Pre-equilibration kinetic size-exclusion chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (peKSEC-MS) for label-free solution-based kinetic analysis of protein-small molecule interactions. Analyst 2015; 140:990-4. [PMID: 25611307 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we introduce pre-equilibration kinetic size-exclusion chromatography with mass-spectrometry detection (peKSEC-MS), which is a label-free solution-based kinetic approach for characterizing non-covalent protein-small molecule interactions. In this method, a protein and a small molecule are mixed outside the column and incubated to approach equilibrium. The equilibrium mixture is then introduced into the SEC column to initiate the dissociation process by separating small molecules from the complex inside the column. A numerical model of a 1-dimensional separation was constructed to simulate mass chromatograms of the small molecule for varying rate constants of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Kertesz V, Calligaris D, Feldman DR, Changelian A, Laws ER, Santagata S, Agar NY, Van Berkel GJ. Profiling of adrenocorticotropic hormone and arginine vasopressin in human pituitary gland and tumor thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5989-98. [PMID: 26084546 PMCID: PMC4514558 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Described here are the results from the profiling of the proteins arginine vasopressin (AVP) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from normal human pituitary gland and pituitary adenoma tissue sections, using a fully automated droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS system for spatially resolved sampling, HPLC separation, and mass spectrometric detection. Excellent correlation was found between the protein distribution data obtained with this method and data obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) chemical imaging analyses of serial sections of the same tissue. The protein distributions correlated with the visible anatomic pattern of the pituitary gland. AVP was most abundant in the posterior pituitary gland region (neurohypophysis), and ATCH was dominant in the anterior pituitary gland region (adenohypophysis). The relative amounts of AVP and ACTH sampled from a series of ACTH-secreting and non-secreting pituitary adenomas correlated with histopathological evaluation. ACTH was readily detected at significantly higher levels in regions of ACTH-secreting adenomas and in normal anterior adenohypophysis compared with non-secreting adenoma and neurohypophysis. AVP was mostly detected in normal neurohypophysis, as expected. This work reveals that a fully automated droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling system coupled to HPLC-ESI-MS-MS can be readily used for spatially resolved sampling, separation, detection, and semi-quantitation of physiologically-relevant peptide and protein hormones, including AVP and ACTH, directly from human tissue. In addition, the relative simplicity, rapidity, and specificity of this method support the potential of this basic technology, with further advancement, for assisting surgical decision-making. Graphical Abstract Mass spectrometry based profiling of hormones in human pituitary gland and tumor thin tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131
| | - David Calligaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Daniel R. Feldman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Armen Changelian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Edward R. Laws
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Nathalie Y.R. Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131
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16
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Regalado EL, Welch CJ. Separation of achiral analytes using supercritical fluid chromatography with chiral stationary phases. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Development of miniature mass spectrometry systems for bioanalysis outside the conventional laboratories. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1497-508. [PMID: 25046050 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is known for highly specific and sensitive analysis. The general applicability of this technique makes it a good candidate for biological applications over a much broader range than is now the case. The limiting factors preventing MS from being applied at the biologist's bench or in a physician's office are identified as the large size of the systems, as well as the complicated analytical procedures required. An approach for developing miniature MS analysis systems with simplified operational procedures is described and the associated technical developments are discussed.
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Abstract
Systems cell biology melds high-throughput experimentation with quantitative analysis and modeling to understand many critical processes that contribute to cellular organization and dynamics. Recently, there have been several advances in technology and in the application of modeling approaches that enable the exploration of the dynamic properties of cells. Merging technology and computation offers an opportunity to objectively address unsolved cellular mechanisms, and has revealed emergent properties and helped to gain a more comprehensive and fundamental understanding of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Mast
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109 Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Alexander V Ratushny
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109 Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - John D Aitchison
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109 Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109
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Liquid microjunction surface sampling of acetaminophen, terfenadine and their metabolites in thin tissue sections. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2599-606. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this work was to evaluate the analytical performance of a fully automated droplet-based surface-sampling system for determining the distribution of the drugs acetaminophen and terfenadine, and their metabolites, in rat thin tissue sections. Results: The rank order of acetaminophen concentration observed in tissues was stomach > small intestine > liver, while the concentrations of its glucuronide and sulfate metabolites were greatest in the liver and small intestine. Terfenadine was most concentrated in the liver and kidney, while its major metabolite, fexofenadine, was found in the liver and small intestine. Conclusion: The spatial distributions of both drugs and their respective metabolites observed in this work were consistent with previous studies using radiolabeled drugs.
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Yu W, Eram MS, Hajian T, Szykowska A, Burgess-Brown N, Vedadi M, Brown PJ. A scintillation proximity assay for histone demethylases. Anal Biochem 2014; 463:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Regalado EL, Helmy R, Green MD, Welch CJ. Chromatographic resolution of closely related species: Drug metabolites and analogs. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1094-102. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Helmy
- Merck Research Laboratories; Rahway NJ USA
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22
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How useful is ICP-MS for determining PK properties of metal-based drugs? Bioanalysis 2014; 6:273-6. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Automated liquid microjunction surface sampling-HPLC-MS/MS analysis of drugs and metabolites in whole-body thin tissue sections. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:819-26. [PMID: 23534426 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to develop a fully automated liquid extraction-based surface sampling system utilizing a commercially available autosampler coupled with HPLC-MS/MS detection. RESULTS Discrete spots selected for droplet-based sampling and automated sample queue generation, for both the autosampler and MS, were enabled by using in-house developed software. In addition, co-registration of spatially resolved sampling positions and HPLC-MS information to generate heat maps of compounds monitored for subsequent data analysis was also available in the software. The system was evaluated with whole-body thin tissue sections from propranolol-dosed rats. CONCLUSION The spatial distributions of both the drug and its hydroxypropranolol glucuronide metabolites were consistent with previous studies employing other liquid extraction-based surface sampling methodologies.
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Rocheleau MJ, Larouche E, Salamu C, Curca M. Impurity profiling and in-process testing of drugs for injection by fast liquid chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:372-377. [PMID: 29403769 PMCID: PMC5760775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) is considered by many as a mature technique. Nonetheless, LC technology continues to evolve driven by the need for high-throughput and high-resolution analyses. Over the past several years, small particle size packing materials have been introduced by several column manufacturers to enable fast and efficient LC separations. Several examples of pharmaceutical analyses, including impurity profiling of taxanes and atracurium besylate, in-process testing of peptides in injectable dosage form, using sub-2 μm column technology are presented in this paper, demonstrating some of the capabilities and limitations of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Larouche
- Omega Laboratories Ltd., 11177 Hamon, Montréal, QC H3M 3E4, Canada
| | - Cristina Salamu
- Omega Laboratories Ltd., 11177 Hamon, Montréal, QC H3M 3E4, Canada
| | - Mihaela Curca
- Omega Laboratories Ltd., 11177 Hamon, Montréal, QC H3M 3E4, Canada
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Development of a high-speed, multiplexed sample-delivery instrument for LC–MS/MS bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1039-56. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The number of new chemical entities and types of in vitro and in vivo samples that require bioanalysis in drug discovery is large and diverse. In addition, method development time is limited as data turnaround is the highest priority. These circumstances require that a well-defined set of bioanalysis options be available in short timeframes to triage samples for analysis. Method: The Apricot Designs Dual Arm (ADDA) instrument is an LC–MS/MS sample delivery system that features a flexible hardware design coupled with software automation to enhance throughput in LC–MS/MS bioanalysis drug discovery. The instrument can perform high-throughput LC–MS/MS (8–10 s/sample) for screening and in vitro bioanalysis, as well as multiplexed LC for traditional gradient or isocratic LC approaches. The instrument control software is designed to integrate with DiscoveryQuant™ software (AB Sciex) and a global database of MS/MS conditions. Conclusion: Development of the sample delivery platform and its application in high-throughput and gradient LC will be described.
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Hvastkovs EG, Schenkman JB, Rusling JF. Metabolic toxicity screening using electrochemiluminescence arrays coupled with enzyme-DNA biocolloid reactors and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2012; 5:79-105. [PMID: 22482786 PMCID: PMC3399491 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
New chemicals or drugs must be guaranteed safe before they can be marketed. Despite widespread use of bioassay panels for toxicity prediction, products that are toxic to a subset of the population often are not identified until clinical trials. This article reviews new array methodologies based on enzyme/DNA films that form and identify DNA-reactive metabolites that are indicators of potentially genotoxic species. This molecularly based methodology is designed in a rapid screening array that utilizes electrochemiluminescence (ECL) to detect metabolite-DNA reactions, as well as biocolloid reactors that provide the DNA adducts and metabolites for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. ECL arrays provide rapid toxicity screening, and the biocolloid reactor LC-MS approach provides a valuable follow-up on structure, identification, and formation rates of DNA adducts for toxicity hits from the ECL array screening. Specific examples using this strategy are discussed. Integration of high-throughput versions of these toxicity-screening methods with existing drug toxicity bioassays should allow for better human toxicity prediction as well as more informed decision making regarding new chemical and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G. Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858;
| | - John B. Schenkman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06269;
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06269;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269;
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Cassette incubation followed by bioanalysis using high-resolution MS for in vitro ADME screening assays. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:581-93. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-resolution MS (HRMS) has recently received a considerable interest in quantitative bioanalysis using full-scan acquisition mode. The benefits include complete elimination of compound-specific MS method development, and simultaneous collection of mass spectral data on both targeted and non-targeted components. One additional advantage that has not been widely discussed is its suitability for simultaneous quantitation of, theoretically, an unlimited number of compounds, which is not possible with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Materials & Methods: We took advantage of this unique bioanalytical capability of HRMS and developed a novel in vitro ADME workflow of cassette incubation of as many as 32 compounds, followed by quantitative bioanalysis using full-scan acquisition on an Orbitrap HRMS. The workflow was evaluated for a serum protein-binding assay and a parallel artificial membrane permeability (PAMPA) assay. Results: The bioanalytical assay displayed acceptable sensitivity, selectivity and linearity for all compounds in the cassettes, and the biological results obtained using this approach were similar to those from discrete incubation and analysis, demonstrating the feasibility of the workflow. Additional benefits of this platform include a saving of analysis time due to the reduced sample numbers from the cassette approach, as well as cost saving due to the reduction in the required assay reagents. Conclusion: Cassette incubation with bioanalysis using HRMS is a feasible approach for high-throughput in vitro ADME assays evaluated in this study.
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Parson WB, Schneider BB, Kertesz V, Corr JJ, Covey TR, Van Berkel GJ. Rapid analysis of isomeric exogenous metabolites by differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:3382-3386. [PMID: 22002690 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The direct separation of isomeric glucuronide metabolites from propranolol dosed tissue extracts by differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) with the use of the polar gas-phase chemical modifier acetonitrile was demonstrated. The DMS gas-phase separation was able to resolve the isomeric metabolites with separation times on the order of milliseconds instead of minutes which is typically required when using pre-ionization chromatographic separation methods. Direct separation of isomeric metabolites from the complex tissue extract was confirmed by implementing a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation prior to the DMS-MS analysis to pre-separate the species of interest. The ability to separate isomeric exogenous metabolites directly from a complex tissue extract is expected to facilitate the drug development process by increasing analytical throughput without the requirement for pre-ionization cleanup or separation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney B Parson
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA
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LC–MS/MS sensitivity enhancement using 2D-SCX/RPLC and its application in the assessment of pharmacokinetics of clonidine in dried blood spots. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:1577-86. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dried blood spot (DBS) technology offers distinctive preclinical and clinical advantages primarily ascribed to microscale sampling (e.g., 40–80 µl per time point), and the nature of solid-state samples in filter papers. Logistic benefits in sample collection, storage and shipping also result. However, the effective DBS samples available for bioanalysis are finite, that is, in the order of approximately 1 µl equivalent of plasma (3-mm punch) from a DBS of approximately 15–20 µl whole blood samples. This represents 20- to 100-times fewer samples for bioanalysis compared with a typical plasma assay. It is critical to increase LC–MS/MS sensitivity to accommodate DBS bioanalysis. Results: We developed a 2D strong cation exchange reversed-phase LC–MS/MS (2D-SCX/RPLC–MS/MS) for online enrichment, separation and detection of basic polar compounds, using clonidine hydrochloride as a model compound. Positively charged clonidine was retained and enriched in the first dimensional SCX column even in large volumes, eluted to a second dimensional RP column with ammonium acetate, de-salted with highly aqueous solvent and separated in an analytical RP column. Injection of 100 µl clonidine extract exhibited essentially the same peak shape as that from 1 µl and the response of clonidine increased quantitatively in the range of 1–100 µl. Conclusion: The method was successfully employed to analyze clonidine DBS samples from an in-house toxicology study, where clonidine hydrochloride was administered to cynomolgus monkeys to produce hypotensive effects. Of 55 DBS samples collected post-dose, a total of 52 samples were within the curve range of 0.1–50 ng/ml, where valid clonidine PK profiles were obtained. The PK parameters agreed well with the onset of hemodynamic changes measured with implanted miniature telemetry blood pressure transmitters. In comparison, only 21 samples were within the curve range of 2 to 1000 ng/ml from a HILIC–MS/MS method, which limited useful injection volume to 5 µl.
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Selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry reveals the dynamics of signaling through the GRB2 adaptor. Nat Biotechnol 2011; 29:653-8. [PMID: 21706016 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways are commonly organized through inducible protein-protein interactions, mediated by adaptor proteins that link activated receptors to cytoplasmic effectors. However, we have little quantitative data regarding the kinetics with which such networks assemble and dissolve to generate specific cellular responses. To address this deficiency, we designed a mass spectrometry method, affinity purification-selected reaction monitoring (AP-SRM), which we used to comprehensively and quantitatively investigate changes in protein interactions with GRB2, an adaptor protein that participates in a remarkably diverse set of protein complexes involved in multiple aspects of cellular function. Our data reliably define context-specific and time-dependent networks that form around GRB2 after stimulation, and reveal core and growth factor-selective complexes comprising 90 proteins identified as interacting with GRB2 in HEK293T cells. Capturing a key hub protein and dissecting its interactions by SRM should be equally applicable to quantifying signaling dynamics for a range of hubs in protein interaction networks.
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31
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The strengths of mass spectrometry are not just sensitivity and selectivity. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:245-7. [PMID: 21320041 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Chiou SH, Wu CY. Clinical proteomics: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:1-14. [PMID: 21329886 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This account will give an overview and evaluation of the current advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics platforms and technology. A general review of some background information concerning the application of these methods in the characterization of molecular sizes and related protein expression profiles associated with different types of cells under varied experimental conditions will be presented. It is intended to provide a concise and succinct overview to those clinical researchers first exposed to this foremost powerful methodology in modern life sciences of postgenomic era. Proteomic characterization using highly sophisticated and expensive instrumentation of MS has been used to characterize biological samples of complex protein mixtures with vastly different protein structure and composition. These systems are then used to highlight the versatility and potential of the MS-based proteomic strategies for facilitating protein expression analysis of various disease-related organisms or tissues of interest. Major MS-based strategies reviewed herein include (1) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-MS and electron-spray ionization proteomics; (2) one-dimensional or two-dimensional gel-based proteomics; (3) gel-free shotgun proteomics in conjunction with liquid chromatography/tandem MS; (4) Multiple reaction monitoring coupled tandem MS quantitative proteomics and; (5) Phosphoproteomics based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Horng Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Prokai-Tatrai K, Szarka S, Nguyen V, Sahyouni F, Walker C, White S, Talamantes T, Prokai L. "All in the mind"? Brain-targeting chemical delivery system of 17β-estradiol (Estredox) produces significant uterotrophic side effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Suppl 7. [PMID: 24380028 DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.s7-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we revisit the peculiarly named redox chemical delivery system concept. This unique prodrug approach has long been claimed to be capable of targeting 17β-estradiol (E2), which has numerous beneficial central effects, into the brain without detrimental peripheral hormonal exposure. Using a well-established protocol to monitor E2's antidepressant-like effect, we show that the administration of this chemical delivery system incorporated into hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (i.e., Estredox), indeed, triggers a transient antidepressant-like behavior in ovariectomized mice. At the same time, even an acute dose of the carefully purified chemical delivery system produces significant circulating E2 levels and uterotrophic side effects for several days after drug administration. For the first time, we also unequivocally show by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry that the uterus of the Estredox-treated animals contains a large quantity of E2 compared to that of the control group. These thus far unexposed yet consequential peripheral side effects brought about by Estredox call for a thorough and unbiased reassessment of the extent of brain-targeting of the hormone via the chemical delivery system approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Szabolcs Szarka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Vien Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Fatima Sahyouni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Cary Walker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Shastazia White
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Tatjana Talamantes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, United States
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Chernetsova ES, Koryakova AG. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for studying new pharmaceutical entities. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810140029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kind T, Fiehn O. Advances in structure elucidation of small molecules using mass spectrometry. BIOANALYTICAL REVIEWS 2010; 2:23-60. [PMID: 21289855 PMCID: PMC3015162 DOI: 10.1007/s12566-010-0015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The structural elucidation of small molecules using mass spectrometry plays an important role in modern life sciences and bioanalytical approaches. This review covers different soft and hard ionization techniques and figures of merit for modern mass spectrometers, such as mass resolving power, mass accuracy, isotopic abundance accuracy, accurate mass multiple-stage MS(n) capability, as well as hybrid mass spectrometric and orthogonal chromatographic approaches. The latter part discusses mass spectral data handling strategies, which includes background and noise subtraction, adduct formation and detection, charge state determination, accurate mass measurements, elemental composition determinations, and complex data-dependent setups with ion maps and ion trees. The importance of mass spectral library search algorithms for tandem mass spectra and multiple-stage MS(n) mass spectra as well as mass spectral tree libraries that combine multiple-stage mass spectra are outlined. The successive chapter discusses mass spectral fragmentation pathways, biotransformation reactions and drug metabolism studies, the mass spectral simulation and generation of in silico mass spectra, expert systems for mass spectral interpretation, and the use of computational chemistry to explain gas-phase phenomena. A single chapter discusses data handling for hyphenated approaches including mass spectral deconvolution for clean mass spectra, cheminformatics approaches and structure retention relationships, and retention index predictions for gas and liquid chromatography. The last section reviews the current state of electronic data sharing of mass spectra and discusses the importance of software development for the advancement of structure elucidation of small molecules. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12566-010-0015-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kind
- Genome Center–Metabolomics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center–Metabolomics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Huang F, Murray KK. Continuous flow infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2799-2804. [PMID: 20857437 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (CF IR MALDESI) mass spectrometry was demonstrated for the on-line analysis of liquid samples. Samples in aqueous solution were flowed through a 50 µm i.d. fused-silica capillary at a flow rate of 1-6 µL/min. As analyte aqueous solution flowed through the capillary, a liquid sample bead formed at the capillary tip. A pulsed infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser with wavelength of 2.94 µm and a 20 Hz repetition rate was focused onto the capillary tip for sample desorption and ablation. The plume of ejected sample was entrained in an electrospray to form ions by MALDESI. The resulting ions were sampled into an ion trap mass spectrometer for analysis. Using CF IR MALDESI, several chemical and biochemical reactions were monitored on-line: the chelation of 1,10-phenanthroline with iron(II), insulin denaturation with 1,4-dithiothreitol, and tryptic digestion of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Pharmacological profile of the NOP agonist and cough suppressing agent SCH 486757 (8-[Bis(2-Chlorophenyl)Methyl]-3-(2-Pyrimidinyl)-8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]Octan-3-Ol) in preclinical models. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 630:112-20. [PMID: 20006596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles of SCH 486757, a nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor agonist that has recently entered human clinical trials for cough. SCH 486757 selectively binds human NOP receptor (K(i)=4.6+/-0.61nM) over classical opioid receptors. In a guinea pig capsaicin cough model, SCH 486757 (0.01-1mg/kg) suppressed cough at 2, 4, and 6h post oral administration with a maximum efficacy occurring at 4h equivalent to codeine, hydrocodone, dextromethorphan and baclofen. The antitussive effects of SCH 486757 (3.0mg/kg, p.o.) was blocked by the NOP receptor antagonist J113397 (12mg/kg, i.p.) but not by naltrexone (10mg/kg, p.o.). SCH 486757 does not produce tolerance to its antitussive activity after a 5-day BID dosing regimen. After acute and chronic dosing paradigms, SCH 486757 (1mg/kg) inhibited capsaicin-evoked coughing by 46+/-9% and 40+/-11%, respectively. In a feline mechanically-evoked cough model, SCH 486757 produces a maximum inhibition of cough and expiratory abdominal electromyogram amplitude of 59 and 61%, respectively. SCH 486757 did not significantly affect inspiratory electromyogram amplitude. We examined the abuse potential of SCH 486757 (10mg/kg, p.o.) in a rat conditioned place preference procedure which is sensitive to classical drugs of abuse, such as amphetamine and morphine. SCH 486757 was without effect in this model. Finally, SCH 486757 displays a good oral pharmacokinetic profile in the guinea pig, rat and dog. We conclude that SCH 486757 has a favorable antitussive profile in preclinical animal models.
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Saunders KC, Ghanem A, Boon Hon W, Hilder EF, Haddad PR. Separation and sample pre-treatment in bioanalysis using monolithic phases: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 652:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hassell KM, LeBlanc Y, McLuckey SA. Conversion of multiple analyte cation types to a single analyte anion type via ion/ion charge inversion. Analyst 2009; 134:2262-6. [PMID: 19838413 DOI: 10.1039/b914304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge inversion ion/ion reactions can convert several cation types associated with a single analyte molecule to a single anion type for subsequent mass analysis. Specifically, analyte ions present with one of a variety of cationizing agents, such as an excess proton, excess sodium ion, or excess potassium ion, can all be converted to the deprotonated molecule, provided that a stable anion can be generated for the analyte. Multiply deprotonated species that are capable of exchanging a proton for a metal ion serve as the reagent anions for the reaction. This process is demonstrated here for warfarin and for a glutathione conjugate. Examples for several other glutathione conjugates are provided as supplementary material to demonstrate the generality of the reaction. In the case of glutathione conjugates, multiple metal ions can be associated with the singly-charged analyte due to the presence of two carboxylate groups. The charge inversion reaction involves the removal of the excess cationizing agent, as well as any metal ions associated with anionic groups to yield a singly deprotonated analyte molecule. The ability to convert multiple cation types to a single anion type is analytically desirable in cases in which the analyte signal is distributed among several cation types, as is common in the electrospray ionization of solutions with relatively high salt contents. For analyte species that undergo efficient charge inversion, such as glutathione conjugates, there is the additional potential advantage for significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios when species that give rise to 'chemical noise' in the positive ion spectrum do not undergo efficient charge inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Hassell
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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Li F, Schmerberg CM, Ji QC. Accelerated tryptic digestion of proteins in plasma for absolute quantitation using a protein internal standard by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:729-732. [PMID: 19191257 PMCID: PMC3016225 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
MESH Headings
- Blood Chemical Analysis/methods
- Blood Chemical Analysis/standards
- Blood Proteins/analysis
- Blood Proteins/chemistry
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/standards
- Reference Values
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/standards
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/standards
- Trypsin/chemistry
- United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Li
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Bioanalytical Chemistry, 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Claire M. Schmerberg
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Bioanalytical Chemistry, 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Q. C. Ji
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Bioanalytical Chemistry, 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA
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Abstract
Forensic chemistry is unique among chemical sciences in that its research, practice, and presentation must meet the needs of both the scientific and the legal communities. As such, forensic chemistry research is applied and derivative by nature and design, and it emphasizes metrology (the science of measurement) and validation. Forensic chemistry has moved away from its analytical roots and is incorporating a broader spectrum of chemical sciences. Existing forensic practices are being revisited as the purview of forensic chemistry extends outward from drug analysis and toxicology into such diverse areas as combustion chemistry, materials science, and pattern evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Bell
- Bennett Department of Chemistry and Forensic and Investigative Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6121, USA.
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Han X, Jiang X. A review of lipidomic technologies applicable to sphingolipidomics and their relevant applications. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009; 111:39-52. [PMID: 19690629 DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipidomics, a branch of lipidomics, focuses on the large-scale study of the cellular sphingolipidomes. In the current review, two main approaches for the analysis of cellular sphingolipidomes (i.e. LC-MS- or LC-MS/MS-based approach and shotgun lipidomics-based approach) are briefly discussed. Their advantages, some considerations of these methods, and recent applications of these approaches are summarized. It is the authors' sincere hope that this review article will add to the readers understanding of the advantages and limitations of each developed method for the analysis of a cellular sphingolipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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