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Zhu Y, Girault HH. Algorithms push forward the application of MALDI–TOF mass fingerprinting in rapid precise diagnosis. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Zhu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
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2
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Zhu Y, Lesch A, Li X, Lin TE, Gasilova N, Jović M, Pick HM, Ho PC, Girault HH. Rapid Noninvasive Skin Monitoring by Surface Mass Recording and Data Learning. JACS AU 2021; 1:598-611. [PMID: 34056635 PMCID: PMC8154208 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin problems are often overlooked due to a lack of robust and patient-friendly monitoring tools. Herein, we report a rapid, noninvasive, and high-throughput analytical chemical methodology, aiming at real-time monitoring of skin conditions and early detection of skin disorders. Within this methodology, adhesive sampling and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry are coordinated to record skin surface molecular mass in minutes. Automated result interpretation is achieved by data learning, using similarity scoring and machine learning algorithms. Feasibility of the methodology has been demonstrated after testing a total of 117 healthy, benign-disordered, or malignant-disordered skins. Remarkably, skin malignancy, using melanoma as a proof of concept, was detected with 100% accuracy already at early stages when the lesions were submillimeter-sized, far beyond the detection limit of most existing noninvasive diagnosis tools. Moreover, the malignancy development over time has also been monitored successfully, showing the potential to predict skin disorder progression. Capable of detecting skin alterations at the molecular level in a nonsurgical and time-saving manner, this analytical chemistry platform is promising to build personalized skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Milica Jović
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Matthias Pick
- Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Fresnais M, Yildirim E, Karabulut S, Jäger D, Zörnig I, Benzel J, Pajtler KW, Pfister SM, Burhenne J, Haefeli WE, Longuespée R. Rapid MALDI-MS Assays for Drug Quantification in Biological Matrices: Lessons Learned, New Developments, and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051281. [PMID: 33652935 PMCID: PMC7956427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has rarely been used in the field of therapeutic drug monitoring, partly because of the complexity of the ionization processes between the compounds to be quantified and the many MALDI matrices available. The development of a viable MALDI-MS method that meets regulatory guidelines for bioanalytical method validation requires prior knowledge of the suitability of (i) the MALDI matrix with the analyte class and properties for ionization, (ii) the crystallization properties of the MALDI matrix with automation features, and (iii) the MS instrumentation used to achieve sensitive and specific measurements in order to determine low pharmacological drug concentrations in biological matrices. In the present hybrid article/white paper, we review the developments required for the establishment of MALDI-MS assays for the quantification of drugs in tissues and plasma, illustrated with concrete results for the different steps. We summarize the necessary parameters that need to be controlled for the successful development of fully validated MALDI-MS methods according to regulatory authorities, as well as currently unsolved problems and promising ways to address them. Finally, we propose an expert opinion on future perspectives and needs in order to establish MALDI-MS as a universal method for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Fresnais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.F.); (E.Y.); (S.K.); (J.B.); (W.E.H.)
| | - Esra Yildirim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.F.); (E.Y.); (S.K.); (J.B.); (W.E.H.)
| | - Seda Karabulut
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.F.); (E.Y.); (S.K.); (J.B.); (W.E.H.)
| | - Dirk Jäger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.J.); (I.Z.)
| | - Inka Zörnig
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.J.); (I.Z.)
| | - Julia Benzel
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (K.W.P.); (S.M.P.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristian W. Pajtler
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (K.W.P.); (S.M.P.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (K.W.P.); (S.M.P.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.F.); (E.Y.); (S.K.); (J.B.); (W.E.H.)
| | - Walter E. Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.F.); (E.Y.); (S.K.); (J.B.); (W.E.H.)
| | - Rémi Longuespée
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.F.); (E.Y.); (S.K.); (J.B.); (W.E.H.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Sun J, Jiang Y, Liu H, Huang X, Xiong C, Nie Z. Ultrafast Photocatalytic Reaction Screening by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6564-6570. [PMID: 32286049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a semiconductor-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SA-LDI MS) platform to monitor photocatalytic reactions online and apply it for ultrafast reaction screening. In this method, we use photocatalytic nanomaterials as the substrate for LDI and then initiate and monitor the reactions simultaneously. The features of our method include the following: (i) It has a reaction acceleration effect: only seconds are needed in our interfacial reactions vs hours in conventional bulk phase. (ii) The reaction trend in our system agrees with that in bulk phase. (iii) By adding a stable analogue of reactant as internal standard, a quantification of the reaction can be achieved. (iv) The sensitivity is high: for 500 amol of reactant, the photocatalytic reaction can still be initiated and detected. This platform has advantages in ultrafast reaction screening (e.g., screening of nine catalysts requires 24 h by the UPLC-MS system but only 10 min by SA-LDI MS). Furthermore, the high specificity of MS enables the screening of catalytic selectivity of A-TiO2 nanoparticles for a methyl red (MR) and acid yellow (AY) mixture, whose absorption wavelengths are overlapped and thus cannot be discriminated by conventional optical methods. Furthermore, by using SA-LDI MS, we also monitored reductive debrominations during the degradation process of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which is a type of important pollutant that is difficult to degrade and detect in liquid phase, and the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Overall, SA-LDI MS realizes ultrafast photocatalytic reaction screening for the first time and provides practical analytical value in the field of catalyst screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuming Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of CAS, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of CAS, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Lipodisqs for eukaryote lipidomics with retention of viability: Sensitivity and resistance to Leucobacter infection linked to C.elegans cuticle composition. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 222:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Xu X, He G, Xu X, Wu Z, Cai T. Investigation of the electrochemical oxidation of 2,3′-bisindolylmethanes in positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10727-10732. [PMID: 35515313 PMCID: PMC9062465 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation reactions of 2,3′-bisindolylmethanes were affected by the solvent in the positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guangyun He
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Tian Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
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7
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Corona discharge electrospray ionization of formate-containing solutions enables in-source reduction of disulfide bonds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:4729-4737. [PMID: 30397758 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are critical linkages for maintaining protein structure and enzyme activity. These linkages, however, can limit peptide sequencing efforts by mass spectrometry (MS) and often require chemical reduction and alkylation. Under such conditions, information regarding cysteine connectivity is lost. Online partial disulfide reduction within the electrospray (ESI) source has recently been established as a means to identify complex cysteine linkage patterns in a liquid chromatography-MS experiment without the need for sample pre-treatment. Corona discharge (CD) is invoked as the causative factor of this in-source reduction (ISR); however, evidence remains largely circumstantial. In this study, we demonstrate that instrumental factors-nebulizing gas, ESI capillary material, organic solvent content, ESI spray needle-to-MS distance-all modulate the degree of reduction observed for the single disulfide in oxytocin, further implicating CD in ISR. Rigorous analysis of solution conditions, however, reveals that corona discharge alone can induce only minor disulfide reduction. We establish that CD-ESI of peptide solutions containing formic acid or its conjugate base results in a dramatic increase in disulfide reduction. It is also determined that ISR is exacerbated at low pH for complex peptides containing multiple disulfide bonds and possessing higher-order structure, as well as for a small protein. Overall, our results demonstrate that ESI of formate/formic acid-containing solutions under corona discharge conditions facilitates disulfide ISR, likely by a similar reduction pathway measured in γ-radiolysis studies nearly three decades ago.
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8
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Kostyukevich Y, Acter T, Zherebker A, Ahmed A, Kim S, Nikolaev E. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange in mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:811-853. [PMID: 29603316 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The isotopic exchange approach is in use since the first observation of such reactions in 1933 by Lewis. This approach allows the investigation of the pathways of chemical and biochemical reactions, determination of structure, composition, and conformation of molecules. Mass spectrometry has now become one of the most important analytical tools for the monitoring of the isotopic exchange reactions. Investigation of conformational dynamics of proteins, quantitative measurements, obtaining chemical, and structural information about individual compounds of the complex natural mixtures are mainly based on the use of isotope exchange in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry. The most important reaction is the Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange, which is mainly performed in the solution. Recently we have developed the approach allowing performing of the Hydrogen/Deuterium reaction on-line directly in the ionization source under atmospheric pressure. Such approach simplifies the sample preparation and can accelerate the exchange reaction so that certain hydrogens that are considered as non-labile will also participate in the exchange. The use of in-ionization source H/D exchange in modern mass spectrometry for structural elucidation of molecules serves as the basic theme in this review. We will focus on the mechanisms of the isotopic exchange reactions and on the application of in-ESI, in-APCI, and in-APPI source Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange for the investigation of petroleum, natural organic matter, oligosaccharides, and proteins including protein-protein complexes. The simple scenario for adaptation of H/D exchange reactions into mass spectrometric method is also highlighted along with a couple of examples collected from previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kostyukevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Thamina Acter
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arif Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Green Nano Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
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Wan Q, Chen S, Badu-Tawiah AK. An integrated mass spectrometry platform enables picomole-scale real-time electrosynthetic reaction screening and discovery. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5724-5729. [PMID: 30079181 PMCID: PMC6050606 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of new electrosynthetic pathways enables environmentally friendly synthetic applications. However, the development of miniaturized screening procedures/platforms to expedite the discovery of electrooxidation reactions remains challenging. Herein, we developed an integrated system that serves as a reactor and ion source in a single experimental step using only picomole-scale reactants to monitor electrooxidation in real-time. This reaction screening platform utilizes the intrinsic electrochemical capabilities of nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We validated the feasibility of this method by reproducing three known electrochemical reactions. We also discovered two new electroorganic reaction pathways: (i) C-N dehydrodimerization of 8-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline to construct a novel quinoline skeleton, and (ii) TEMPO-mediated accelerated electrooxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoquinolines. Moreover, the radical cations and key intermediates captured by this screening platform provided direct evidence for the mechanism of these novel electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
| | - Suming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
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Pei J, Zhang R, Hsu C, Wang Y. Mass Spectrometry-Inspired Degradation of Disinfection By-Product, 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, in Drinking Water by Heating. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2018; 7:A0068. [PMID: 29977665 PMCID: PMC6018241 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ), a highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-product, was degraded during the electrospray process by elevating the source temperature. This unexpected finding inspired us to use heating to degrade DCBQs in drinking water. The results show that about 99% of DCBQs in the drinking water were degraded in one minute by heating to 100°C with room light irradiation. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that heating enables the degradation of DCBQs in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 53004, P. R. China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 53004, P. R. China
| | - Chengchih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 53004, P. R. China
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11
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Time-resolved method to distinguish protein/peptide oxidation during electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1011:59-67. [PMID: 29475486 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is one of the most prevalent techniques used to monitor protein/peptide oxidation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROSs). However, both corona discharge (CD) and electrochemistry (EC) can also lead to protein/peptide oxidation during ESI. Because the two types of oxidation occur almost simultaneously, determining the extent to which the two pathways contribute to protein/peptide oxidation is difficult. Herein, a time-resolved method was introduced to identify and differentiate CD- and EC-induced oxidation. Using this approach, we separated the instantaneous CD-induced oxidation from the hysteretic EC-induced oxidation, and the effects of the spray voltage and flow rate of the ESI source on both oxidation types were investigated with a homemade ESI source. For angiotensin II analogue (b-DRVYVHPF-y), the dehydrogenation and oxygenation species were the detected EC-induced oxidation products, while the oxygenation species were the major CD-induced oxidation products. This time-resolved approach was also applicable to a commercial HESI source, in which both CD and EC were responsible for hemoglobin and cytochrome c oxidation with upstream grounding while CD dominated the oxidation without upstream grounding.
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12
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Stocks BB, Melanson JE. In-Source Reduction of Disulfide-Bonded Peptides Monitored by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:742-751. [PMID: 29450858 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many peptides with antimicrobial activity and/or therapeutic potential contain disulfide bonds as a means to enhance stability, and their quantitation is often performed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Disulfides can be reduced during ESI under commonly used instrument conditions, which has the potential to hinder accurate peptide quantitation. We demonstrate that this in-source reduction (ISR) is predominantly observed for peptides infused from acidic solutions and subjected to elevated ESI voltages (3-4 kV). ISR is readily apparent in the mass spectrum of oxytocin-a small, single disulfide-containing peptide. However, subtle m/z shifts due to partial ISR of highly charged (z ≥ 3) peptides with multiple disulfide linkages may proceed unnoticed. Ion mobility (IM)-MS separates ions on the basis of charge and shape in the gas phase, and using insulin as a model system, we show that IM-MS arrival time distributions (ATDs) are particularly sensitive to partial ISR of large peptides. Isotope modeling allows for the relative quantitation of disulfide-intact and partially reduced states of the mobility-separated peptide conformers. Interestingly, hepcidin peptides ionized from acidic solutions at elevated ESI voltages undergo gas-phase compaction, ostensibly due to partial disulfide ISR. Our IM-MS results lead us to propose that residual acid is the likely cause of disparate ATDs recently measured for hepcidin from different suppliers [Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 409, 2559-2567 (2017)]. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of IM-MS to detect partial ISR of disulfide-bonded peptides and reinforce the notion that peptide/protein measurements should be carried out using minimally activating instrument conditions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley B Stocks
- National Research Council of Canada, Measurement Science and Standards, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Jeremy E Melanson
- National Research Council of Canada, Measurement Science and Standards, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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Pei J, Hsu CC, Zhang R, Wang Y, Yu K, Huang G. Unexpected Reduction of Iminoquinone and Quinone Derivatives in Positive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Possible Mechanism Exploration. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2454-2461. [PMID: 28786093 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected reduction of iminoquinone (IQ) and quinone derivatives was first reported during positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Upon increasing spray voltage, the intensities of IQ and quinone derivatives decreased drastically, accompanying the increase of the intensities of the reduction products, amodiaquine (AQ) and phenol derivatives. To gain more insight into the mechanism of such reduction, we explored the experimental factors that are influential to corona discharge (CD). The results show that experimental parameters that favor severe CD, including metal spray emitter, using water as spray solvent, sheath gas with low dielectric strength (e.g., nitrogen), and shorter spray tip-to-mass spectrometer inlet distance, facilitated the reduction of IQ and quinone derivatives, implying that the reduction should be closely related to CD in the gas phase. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Portychová L, Schug KA. Instrumentation and applications of electrochemistry coupled to mass spectrometry for studying xenobiotic metabolism: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 993:1-21. [PMID: 29078951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of metabolic pathways and biotransformation of xenobiotics, artificial substances foreign to the entire biological system, is crucial for elucidation of degradation routes of potentially toxic substances. Nowadays, there are many methods to simulate xenobiotic metabolism in the human body in vitro. In this review, the metabolism of various substances in the human body is described, followed by a summary of methods used for prediction of metabolic pathways and biotransformation. Above all, focus is placed on the coupling of electrochemistry to mass spectrometry, which is still a relatively new technique. This promising tool can mimic both oxidative phase I and conjugative phase II metabolism. Different experimental arrangements, with or without a separation step, and various applications of this technique are illustrated and critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Portychová
- Research Institute for Organic Synthesis, Inc., 533 54 Rybitví, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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15
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Yuill EM, Baker LA. Electrochemical Aspects of Mass Spectrometry: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization and Ambient Ionization for Bioanalysis. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Yuill
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
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16
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Pei J, Hsu CC, Wang Y, Yu K. Corona discharge-induced reduction of quinones in negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinone reduction during negative ESI MS was illustrated to be closely related to corona discharge (CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- P. R. China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China
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17
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Looi WD, Chamand L, Brown B, Brajter-Toth A. Role of Electrochemistry in Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LS DESI MS) of Aqueous Samples Containing Electrolyte Salts. Anal Chem 2016; 89:603-610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Donq Looi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Laura Chamand
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blasie Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Blake Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Anna Brajter-Toth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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18
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Brown TA, Hosseini-Nassab N, Chen H, Zare RN. Observation of electrochemically generated nitrenium ions by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2016; 7:329-332. [PMID: 28791096 PMCID: PMC5518571 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02939b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the observation of the electrochemically generated nitrenium ions of 4,4'-dimethyoxydiphenylamine and di-p-tolylamine in solution by mass spectrometry. This setup takes inspiration from desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to sample directly from the surface of a rotating waterwheel working electrode for mass spectrometric analysis. Detection of the 4,4'-dimethyoxydiphenylamine nitrenium ion was expected based upon para-methoxy resonance stabilization, whereas observation of the di-p-tolylamine nitrenium ion might be unexpected because resonance stabilization from the para-substituted position is unavailable. However, the short timescale analysis of the setup allows for the isolation of the di-p-tolylamine nitrenium ion, which is electrogenerated in solution and detected mass spectrometrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Brown
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305-5080 , USA .
| | | | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Edison Biotechnology Institute , Ohio University , Athens , OH 45701-2979 , USA .
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305-5080 , USA .
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19
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Kostyukevich Y, Zhdanova E, Kononikhin A, Popov I, Kukaev E, Nikolaev E. Observation of the multiple halogenation of peptides in the electrospray ionization source. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:899-905. [PMID: 26349644 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The chlorination of peptides and proteins is an important posttranslational modification, which is a physiological signature of an enzyme myeloperoxidase and can serve as a potential biomarker of some diseases (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc.). The quantification of the chlorinated peptides has been very challenging in part due to their low levels and artifacts associated with sample preparation. One of the most convenient and promising methods to detect and investigate the chlorinated peptides in the biological samples is the electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry coupled to the fragmentation techniques (collision-induced dissociation and electron capture dissociation/electron transfer dissociation). We have shown that if the chlorine anions are present in the solution, then the peptide can undergo the chlorination during the ESI ionization. The effect was found to depend on the values of electric potentials of metal parts of the ESI interface. It was found that the grounding of ESI syringe results in the formation of an additional electric loop leading to the electrolytic production of Cl2 and as a consequence the hypochlorous acid inside the ESI needle. Hypochlorous acid reacts with amino groups of peptides and proteins producing chloramine or causing the protein cleavage. In the paper, it is shown on the example of the solution of the several peptides in the presence of HCl that by manipulating the ESI syringe potential, it is possible to create complexes with up to five Cl atoms for sample peptides when the ESI is operated in the positive mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kostyukevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya St., 100, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij pr. 38 k.2, 119334, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zhdanova
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij pr. 38 k.2, 119334, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey Kononikhin
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij pr. 38 k.2, 119334, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Igor Popov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Kukaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Novaya St., 100, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskij pr. 38 k.2, 119334, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st. 4, 119334, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Diamond nanowires: a novel platform for electrochemistry and matrix-free mass spectrometry. SENSORS 2015; 15:12573-93. [PMID: 26024422 PMCID: PMC4507696 DOI: 10.3390/s150612573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, carbon-based nanostructures have generated a huge interest from both fundamental and technological viewpoints owing to their physicochemical characteristics, markedly different from their corresponding bulk states. Among these nanostructured materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and more recently graphene and its derivatives, hold a central position. The large amount of work devoted to these materials is driven not only by their unique mechanical and electrical properties, but also by the advances made in synthetic methods to produce these materials in large quantities with reasonably controllable morphologies. While much less studied than CNTs and graphene, diamond nanowires, the diamond analogue of CNTs, hold promise for several important applications. Diamond nanowires display several advantages such as chemical inertness, high mechanical strength, high thermal and electrical conductivity, together with proven biocompatibility and existence of various strategies to functionalize their surface. The unique physicochemical properties of diamond nanowires have generated wide interest for their use as fillers in nanocomposites, as light detectors and emitters, as substrates for nanoelectronic devices, as tips for scanning probe microscopy as well as for sensing applications. In the past few years, studies on boron-doped diamond nanowires (BDD NWs) focused on increasing their electrochemical active surface area to achieve higher sensitivity and selectivity compared to planar diamond interfaces. The first part of the present review article will cover the promising applications of BDD NWS for label-free sensing. Then, the potential use of diamond nanowires as inorganic substrates for matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, a powerful label-free approach for quantification and identification of small compounds, will be discussed.
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21
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Pei J, Zhou X, Wang X, Huang G. Alleviation of electrochemical oxidation for peptides and proteins in electrospray ionization: obtaining more accurate mass spectra with induced high voltage. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2727-33. [PMID: 25626082 DOI: 10.1021/ac503990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate mass spectrometry (MS) signal for peptide/protein analysis, which could be affected by various MS conditions, plays an essential role in identification and quantification of biological samples. Herein, we tried to alleviate the possible interferences from electrochemical oxidations during electrospray ionization (ESI). Three most common electrochemical oxidation reactions in ESI include oxidation of analyte, solvent, and electrode. With introduction of induced electrospray ionization (IESI) (a variant form of ESI), these interferences were significantly alleviated for peptides/proteins. That effect was also tested with flow injection experiments with different solution flow rates, electrolyte concentrations and solvent compositions, which was to simulate various chromatography conditions in conventional liquid chromatography (LC) separations. For all chromatography conditions tested, electrochemical oxidation was significantly alleviated for the absence of physical contact between spray solution and electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Pei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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22
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Oberacher H, Pitterl F, Erb R, Plattner S. Mass spectrometric methods for monitoring redox processes in electrochemical cells. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:64-92. [PMID: 24338642 PMCID: PMC4286209 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry (EC) is a mature scientific discipline aimed to study the movement of electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. EC covers techniques that use a measurement of potential, charge, or current to determine the concentration or the chemical reactivity of analytes. The electrical signal is directly converted into chemical information. For in-depth characterization of complex electrochemical reactions involving the formation of diverse intermediates, products and byproducts, EC is usually combined with other analytical techniques, and particularly the hyphenation of EC with mass spectrometry (MS) has found broad applicability. The analysis of gases and volatile intermediates and products formed at electrode surfaces is enabled by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). In DEMS an electrochemical cell is sampled with a membrane interface for electron ionization (EI)-MS. The chemical space amenable to EC/MS (i.e., bioorganic molecules including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and drugs) was significantly increased by employing electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. In the simplest setup, the EC of the ESI process is used to analytical advantage. A limitation of this approach is, however, its inability to precisely control the electrochemical potential at the emitter electrode. Thus, particularly for studying mechanistic aspects of electrochemical processes, the hyphenation of discrete electrochemical cells with ESI-MS was found to be more appropriate. The analytical power of EC/ESI-MS can further be increased by integrating liquid chromatography (LC) as an additional dimension of separation. Chromatographic separation was found to be particularly useful to reduce the complexity of the sample submitted either to the EC cell or to ESI-MS. Thus, both EC/LC/ESI-MS and LC/EC/ESI-MS are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Pitterl
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Erb
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Plattner
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruck, Austria
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23
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Jackson MN, Kamunde-Devonish MK, Hammann BA, Wills LA, Fullmer LB, Hayes SE, Cheong PHY, Casey WH, Nyman M, Johnson DW. An overview of selected current approaches to the characterization of aqueous inorganic clusters. Dalton Trans 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective highlights several modern characterization techniques used to identify nanoscale inorganic clusters in the context of multiple case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton N. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- USA
| | | | - Blake A. Hammann
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- Missouri 63130-4899
- USA
| | | | | | - Sophia E. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- Missouri 63130-4899
- USA
| | | | - William H. Casey
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Earth Science
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - May Nyman
- Department of Chemistry
- Oregon State University
- Corvallis
- USA
| | - Darren W. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- USA
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24
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Zinck N, Stark AK, Wilson DJ, Sharon M. An improved rapid mixing device for time-resolved electrospray mass spectrometry measurements. ChemistryOpen 2014; 3:109-14. [PMID: 25050229 PMCID: PMC4101726 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Time series data can provide valuable insight into the complexity of biological reactions. Such information can be obtained by mass-spectrometry-based approaches that measure pre-steady-state kinetics. These methods are based on a mixing device that rapidly mixes the reactants prior to the on-line mass measurement of the transient intermediate steps. Here, we describe an improved continuous-flow mixing apparatus for real-time electrospray mass spectrometry measurements. Our setup was designed to minimize metal–solution interfaces and provide a sheath flow of nitrogen gas for generating stable and continuous spray that consequently enhances the signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the device was planned to enable easy mounting onto a mass spectrometer replacing the commercial electrospray ionization source. We demonstrate the performance of our apparatus by monitoring the unfolding reaction of cytochrome C, yielding improved signal-to-noise ratio and reduced experimental repeat errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Zinck
- Department of Chemistry, York University Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 (Canada)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stark
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science 76100 Rehovot (Israel) E-mail:
| | - Derek J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, York University Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 (Canada)
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science 76100 Rehovot (Israel) E-mail:
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25
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Nicolardi S, Deelder AM, Palmblad M, van der Burgt YEM. Structural analysis of an intact monoclonal antibody by online electrochemical reduction of disulfide bonds and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5376-82. [PMID: 24780057 DOI: 10.1021/ac500383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Structural confirmation and quality control of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by top-down mass spectrometry is still challenging due to the size of the proteins, disulfide content, and post-translational modifications such as glycosylation. In this study we have applied electrochemistry (EC) to overcome disulfide bridge complexity in top-down analysis of mAbs. To this end, an electrochemical cell was coupled directly to an electrospray ionization (ESI) source and a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer (MS) equipped with a 15 T magnet. By performing online EC-assisted reduction of interchain disulfide bonds in an intact mAb, the released light chains could be selected for tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis without interference from heavy-chain fragments. Moreover, the acquisition of full MS scans under denaturing conditions allowed profiling of all abundant mAb glycoforms. Ultrahigh-resolution FTICR-MS measurements provided fully resolved isotopic distributions of intact mAb and enabled the identification of the most abundant adducts and other interfering species. Furthermore, it was found that reduction of interchain disulfide bonds occurs in the ESI source dependent on capillary voltage and solvent composition. This phenomenon was systematically evaluated and compared with the results obtained from reduction in the electrochemical cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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27
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Jordana-Lluch E, Martró Català E, Ausina Ruiz V. [Mass spectrometry in the clinical microbiology laboratory]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:635-44. [PMID: 22381225 PMCID: PMC7103318 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are still a cause of high mortality and morbidity rates. Current microbiological diagnostic methods are based on culture and phenotypic identification of isolated microorganisms, which can be obtained in about 24-48 h. Given that the microbiological identification is of major importance for patient management, new diagnostic methods are needed in order to detect and identify microorganisms in a timely and accurate manner. Over the last few years, several molecular techniques based on the amplification of microbial nucleic acids have been developed with the aim of reducing the time needed for the identification of the microorganisms involved in different infectious processes. On the other hand, mass spectrometry has emerged as a rapid and consistent alternative to conventional methods for microorganism identification. This review describes the most widely used mass spectrometry technologies -matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight (ESI-TOF)-, both for protein and nucleic acid analysis, as well as the commercial platforms available. Related publications of most interest in clinical microbiology are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Servicio de Microbiología, Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias y Pujol, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias y Pujol, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Elisa Martró Català
- Servicio de Microbiología, Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias y Pujol, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias y Pujol, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, España
| | - Vicente Ausina Ruiz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias y Pujol, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias y Pujol, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Mallorca, España
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28
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Jahn S, Karst U. Electrochemistry coupled to (liquid chromatography/) mass spectrometry—Current state and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:16-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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Qiao L, Sartor R, Gasilova N, Lu Y, Tobolkina E, Liu B, Girault HH. Electrostatic-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7422-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301332k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique
et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Sartor
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique
et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique
et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Lu
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique
et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tobolkina
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique
et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique
et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Elahi A, Fowowe T, Caruana DJ. Dynamic Electrochemistry in Flame Plasma Electrolyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Elahi A, Fowowe T, Caruana DJ. Dynamic Electrochemistry in Flame Plasma Electrolyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6350-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Utilizing the inherent electrolysis in a chip-based nanoelectrospray emitter system to facilitate selective ionization and mass spectrometric analysis of metallo alkylporphyrins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:335-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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33
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Ohlin CA. Reaction dynamics and solution chemistry of polyoxometalates by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Chem Asian J 2011; 7:262-70. [PMID: 22213734 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry both complements other analytical techniques and allows for types of analyses and experiments not possible with common analytical methods, such as NMR, IR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Electrospray constitutes one of the mildest forms of ionization, making it the preferred method for the analysis of large fragile or reactive ions. There is particular promise for mass spectrometry in aiding the characterization of polyoxometalates and their solutions, but caution must be taken in designing the experiments in order to yield reliable data and to avoid the temptation of over-interpreting the relevance of gas-phase data to solution chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C André Ohlin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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34
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Qiao L, Su F, Bi H, Girault HH, Liu B. Ga2O3 photocatalyzed on-line tagging of cysteine to facilitate peptide mass fingerprinting. Proteomics 2011; 11:3501-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Qiao L, Liu B, Girault HH. Nanomaterial-assisted laser desorption ionization for mass spectrometry-based biomedical analysis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1641-52. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been widely used to assist laser desorption ionization of biomolecules for mass spectrometry analysis. Compared with classical matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, strategies based on nanomaterial-assisted ionization generate a clean background, which is of great benefit for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of small biomolecules, such as therapeutic and diagnostic molecules. As label-free platforms, they have successfully been used for high-throughput enzyme activity/inhibition monitoring and also for tissue imaging to map in situ the distribution of peptides, metabolites and drugs. In addition to widely used porous silicon nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles can be easily chemically modified by thiol-containing compounds, opening novel interesting perspectives. Such functionalized nanoparticles have been used both as probes to extract target molecules and as matrices to assist laser desorption ionization for developing new enzyme immunoassays or for studying DNA hybridization. More recently, semiconductor nanomaterials or quantum dots acting as photosensitive centers to induce in-source redox reactions for proteomics and to investigate biomolecule oxidation for metabolomics have been shown to offer new analytical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - BaoHong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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