1
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Yu J, Zhang J, Jin J, Jiang W. Self-Assembly of DNA Homopolymers by Pathway Dependence to Evade Metastable States. ACS Macro Lett 2023:685-689. [PMID: 37171480 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A pathway-dependent strategy is proposed to assist single-stranded DNA polyadenine (poly(dA)) in evading metastable states and to achieve morphological regulation from microcapsules to microbowls by fractional n-butanol addition and emulsification (shaking) in a soft emulsion template (water-in-n-butanol). The first stage is the formation of small microcapsules by a fourth solvent addition and shaking. The second stage is the expansion of the small microcapsules initiated by the fifth solvent addition and shaking, drawing them to a new pathway to evade metastable states. Osmotic re-equilibrium and shaking are two indispensable conditions for overcoming the energy barriers. The third stage is the buckling of the expanded microcapsules and the evolution into microbowls after the evaporation of n-butanol to reach a global free energy minimum stable state. Conversely, the conventional one-time solvent addition and shaking pathway do not obtain microbowls. This kinetics pathway-dependent strategy evades metastability and shapes DNA oligonucleotides into desired structures via self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Azzari P, Mezzenga R. LLPS vs. LLCPS: analogies and differences. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1873-1881. [PMID: 36806460 PMCID: PMC9993225 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We compare the process of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) of flexible macromolecular solutions, with the Liquid-Liquid Crystalline Phase Separation (LLCPS) of semiflexible polymers and rigid filamentous colloids, which involves the formation of a liquid phase that possesses a directional alignment. Although the observed phase separation follows a similar dynamic path, namely nucleation and growth or spinodal decomposition separating two phases of dilute and concentrated compositions, the underlying physics that defines the theoretical framework of LLCPS is completely different from the one of LLPS. We review the main theories that describe the phase separation processes and relying on thermodynamics and dynamical arguments, we highlight the differences and analogies between these two phase separation phenomena, attempting to clarify the inner mechanisms that regulate those two processes. A particular focus is given to metastable phases, as these intermediate states represent a key element in understanding how phase separation works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paride Azzari
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Chen S, Chen W, Ren Y, Sun J, Wang J, Yang Y. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Nascent Polyethylene Crystallization in Confined Space: Nucleation and Lamella Orientation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Sun
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingdai Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yongrong Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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4
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Feng S, Zhu J, Yu W, Guo H, Chen W, Lu A, Li L. Strain-Rate-Dependent Phase Transition Mechanism in Polybutene-1 during Uniaxial Stretching: From Quasi-Static to Dynamic Loading Conditions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyao Feng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jianhe Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wancheng Yu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Guo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ai Lu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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5
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Ok S, Vayer M, Sinturel C. A decade of innovation and progress in understanding the morphology and structure of heterogeneous polymers in rigid confinement. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7430-7458. [PMID: 34341814 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When confined in nanoscale domains, polymers generally encounter changes in their structural, thermodynamics and dynamics properties compared to those in the bulk, due to the high amount of polymer/wall interfaces and limited amount of matter. The present review specifically deals with the confinement of heterogeneous polymers (i.e. polymer blends and block copolymers) in rigid nanoscale domains (i.e. bearing non-deformable solid walls) where the processes of phase separation and self-assembly can be deeply affected. This review focuses on the innovative contributions of the last decade (2010-2020), giving a summary of the new insights and understanding gained in this period. We conclude this review by giving our view on the most thriving directions for this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ok
- Petroleum Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait.
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Ou JT, Yang TK, Lin HY, Hsu HY, Chen TJ, Ou YS, Chen J, Wang CY, Sun B, Wang CL. Composition-Driven Structural Modulation and Guest-Induced Nanotemplate Effects of the Host–Guest Complexes Made by a Unimolecular Q-Clip. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou-Tsen Ou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kai Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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7
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Posey AE, Ruff KM, Lalmansingh JM, Kandola TS, Lange JJ, Halfmann R, Pappu RV. Mechanistic Inferences From Analysis of Measurements of Protein Phase Transitions in Live Cells. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166848. [PMID: 33539877 PMCID: PMC8561728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of phase separation and disorder-to-order transitions can give rise to ordered, semi-crystalline fibrillar assemblies that underlie prion phenomena namely, the non-Mendelian transfer of information across cells. Recently, a method known as Distributed Amphifluoric Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (DAmFRET) was developed to study the convolution of phase separation and disorder-to-order transitions in live cells. In this assay, a protein of interest is expressed to a broad range of concentrations and the acquisition of local density and order, measured by changes in FRET, is used to map phase transitions for different proteins. The high-throughput nature of this assay affords the promise of uncovering sequence-to-phase behavior relationships in live cells. Here, we report the development of a supervised method to obtain automated and accurate classifications of phase transitions quantified using the DAmFRET assay. Systems that we classify as undergoing two-state discontinuous transitions are consistent with prion-like behaviors, although the converse is not always true. We uncover well-established and surprising new sequence features that contribute to two-state phase behavior of prion-like domains. Additionally, our method enables quantitative, comparative assessments of sequence-specific driving forces for phase transitions in live cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a modest augmentation of DAmFRET measurements, specifically time-dependent protein expression profiles, can allow one to apply classical nucleation theory to extract sequence-specific lower bounds on the probability of nucleating ordered assemblies. Taken together, our approaches lead to a useful analysis pipeline that enables the extraction of mechanistic inferences regarding phase transitions in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon E Posey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Science & Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Kiersten M Ruff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Science & Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jared M Lalmansingh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Science & Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tejbir S Kandola
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey J Lange
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Randal Halfmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rohit V Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Science & Engineering of Living Systems, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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8
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Pink DA, Ladd-Parada M, Marangoni AG, Mazzanti G. Crystal Memory near Discontinuous Triacylglycerol Phase Transitions: Models, Metastable Regimes, and Critical Points. Molecules 2020; 25:E5631. [PMID: 33265970 PMCID: PMC7729506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is proposed that "crystal memory", observed in a discontinuous solid-liquid phase transition of saturated triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules, is due to the coexistence of solid TAG crystalline phases and a liquid TAG phase, in a superheated metastable regime. Such a coexistence has been detected. Solid crystals can act as heterogeneous nuclei onto which molecules can condense as the temperature is lowered. We outlined a mathematical model, with a single phase transition, that shows how the time-temperature observations can be explained, makes predictions, and relates them to recent experimental data. A modified Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation is used to predict time-temperature relations for the observation of "crystal memory" and to show boundaries beyond which "crystal memory" is not observed. A plot of the lifetime of a metastable state versus temperature, using the modified VFT equation, agrees with recent time-temperature data. The model can be falsified through its predictions: the model possesses a critical point and we outline a procedure describing how it could be observed by changing the hydrocarbon chain length. We make predictions about how thermodynamic functions will change as the critical point is reached and as the system enters a crossover regime. The model predicts that the phenomenon of "crystal memory" will not be observed unless the system is cooled from a superheated metastable regime associated with a discontinuous phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Pink
- Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | | | | | - Gianfranco Mazzanti
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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9
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Xu D, Lu Y, Luo C. Pathway of orientational symmetry breaking in crystallization of short n-alkane droplets: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084903. [PMID: 32872849 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We carry out molecular dynamics simulations by using an all-atom model to study the nucleation and crystallization of n-alkane droplets under three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional conditions. We focus on the development of orientational order of chains from a random state to a neatly ordered one. Two new methods, the map of symmetry breaking and the information entropy of chain orientations, are introduced to characterize the emerge and remelting phenomena of a primary nucleus at the early stage of crystallization. Stepwise nucleation, as well as the surface induced nucleation, of large droplets is observed. We elucidate the kinetic process of the formation of a primary nucleus and the rearrangement of every single molecule involved in a primary nucleus. We found that density fluctuation and orientational preordering are coupled together and occur simultaneously in nucleation. Our results show the pathway of orientational symmetry breaking in the crystallization of n-alkane droplets that are heuristic for the deeper understanding of the crystallization in more complex molecules such as polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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10
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Huang YF, Wang CK, Lai BH, Chung CL, Chen CY, Ciou GT, Wong KT, Wang CL. Influences of Structural Modification of S, N-Hexacenes on the Morphology and OFET Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21756-21765. [PMID: 31120735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although chemical modifications on conjugated molecules are widely applied for the purpose of improving processability and device performances, the effect of the modification was far less investigated. Here, five S, N-hexacenes are studied to reveal the influences of (1) the lateral alkyl chain, (2) the terminal group (thiophene vs benzene), and (3) the end-capping phenyl group of the hexacenes on the morphology and organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performances. Crystal arrays of the hexacenes were prepared via polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-assisted crystallization (PAC) prior to morphological and OFET characterizations. The lattice structures and crystal quality of the hexacenes were evaluated by microscopy and diffraction techniques including single-crystal diffractometer, electron diffraction, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The systematic analyses led to the following conclusions: (1) the bulkier alkyl side chain assists to form more densely packed crystals with less structural defects; (2) the terminal thiophene rings bring about higher-lying EHOMO, more ordered phase, and crystal orientation, whereas the terminal benzene rings deteriorate the structural order of the active layer and result in the liquid crystal phase; and (3) the phenyl end caps ameliorate the morphological order, intermolecular overlapping, thermal stability and elevate EHOMO. Thus, EH-DTPTt-Ph delivers the highest μh, contributing to high-lying EHOMO, well-oriented crystal array with a longer correlation length, and suitable lattice orientation. This systematic research provides the aspects about the effects of the functionalized S, N-hexacenes on the morphology and OFET characteristics, which is anticipated to be useful for the molecular design of heteroacenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lung Chung
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Ciou
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science , Academia Sinica , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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11
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Li Y, Agrawal V, Oswald J. Systematic coarse‐graining of semicrystalline polyethylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- School for the Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University P.O. Box 876106, Tempe Arizona, 85287‐6106
| | - Vipin Agrawal
- School for the Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University P.O. Box 876106, Tempe Arizona, 85287‐6106
| | - Jay Oswald
- School for the Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University P.O. Box 876106, Tempe Arizona, 85287‐6106
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12
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Advances in Understanding Stimulus-Responsive Phase Behavior of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Polymers. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4619-4635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Abstract
There is growing interest in the topic of intracellular phase transitions that lead to the formation of biologically regulated biomolecular condensates. These condensates are membraneless bodies formed by phase separation of key protein and nucleic acid molecules from the cytoplasmic or nucleoplasmic milieus. The drivers of phase separation are referred to as scaffolds whereas molecules that preferentially partition into condensates formed by scaffolds are known as clients. Recent advances have shown that it is possible to generate physical and functional facsimiles of many biomolecular condensates in vitro. This is achieved by titrating the concentration of key scaffold proteins and solution parameters such as salt concentration, pH, or temperature. The ability to reproduce phase separation in vitro allows one to compare the relationships between information encoded in the sequences of scaffold proteins and the driving forces for phase separation. Many scaffold proteins include intrinsically disordered regions whereas others are entirely disordered. Our focus is on comparative assessments of phase separation for different scaffold proteins, specifically intrinsically disordered linear multivalent proteins. We highlight the importance of coexistence curves known as binodals for quantifying phase behavior and comparing driving forces for sequence-specific phase separation. We describe the information accessible from full binodals and highlight different methods for-and challenges associated with-mapping binodals. In essence, we provide a wish list for in vitro characterization of phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins. Fulfillment of this wish list through key advances in experiment, computation, and theory should bring us closer to being able to predict in vitro phase behavior for scaffold proteins and connect this to the functions and features of biomolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon E Posey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rohit V Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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14
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Jiang N, Tang P, Zhang H, Yang Y. Study on the Thermodynamics of Polymer Crystallization Based on Twin-Lattice Model. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8601-8613. [PMID: 30114905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer crystallization is the most important part in determining the performance of polymeric materials. The twin-lattice model originally provided by Lennard-Jones and Devonshire, developed by Pople and Karasz and other researchers, is extended for describing the thermodynamics of polymer crystallization. The positional order of segments and the orientational order of bonds are considered in this model. The free energy of polymers is obtained by further introducing the conformational energy and entropy, and thus a new parameter is defined, which is the ratio of conformational energy and positional diffusion energy. We studied two kinds of processes in polymer crystallization, including the process with plastic crystal phase and without any mesophases. The choice of crystallizing process is determined by the magnitude of lattice energy and conformational energy. The solid-solid transition from crystal to plastic crystal shows a significant dependence on the conformational energy. Considering data reliability, n-paraffins are chosen as the representation of polymers to compare the predictions of the model with experimental observations. We predict the number of carbons beyond which the rotator phase disappears, which is quite in agreement with the experiments. These calculations and results show this model can provide a new understanding to the crystallization of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuofei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Hongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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15
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Agbolaghi S, Abbaspoor S, Abbasi F. A comprehensive review on polymer single crystals—From fundamental concepts to applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Zenoozi S, Agbolaghi S, Gheybi H, Abbasi F. High-Quality Nano/Micro Hairy Single Crystals Developed from Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Conductive-Dielectric Block Copolymers Having Flat-on and Edge-on Orientations. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Zenoozi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; 5331711111 Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering; Sahand University of Technology; 5331711111 Tabriz Iran
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; 5331711111 Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering; Sahand University of Technology; 5331711111 Tabriz Iran
| | - Homa Gheybi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; 5331711111 Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering; Sahand University of Technology; 5331711111 Tabriz Iran
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; 5331711111 Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering; Sahand University of Technology; 5331711111 Tabriz Iran
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17
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Han R, Nie M, Wang Q, Yan S. Self-Assembly β Nucleating Agent Induced Polymorphic Transition from α-Form Shish Kebab to β-Form Highly Ordered Lamella under Intense Shear Field. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Min Nie
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Sichuan Provincial Key Lab of Process Equipment and Control, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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18
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Xu X, Kanduč M, Wu J, Dzubiella J. Potential of mean force and transient states in polyelectrolyte pair complexation. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:034901. [PMID: 27448900 DOI: 10.1063/1.4958675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pair association between two polyelectrolytes (PEs) of the same size but opposite charge is systematically studied in terms of the potential of mean force (PMF) along their center-of-mass reaction coordinate via coarse-grained, implicit-solvent, explicit-salt computer simulations. The focus is set on the onset and the intermediate transient stages of complexation. At conditions above the counterion-condensation threshold, the PE association process exhibits a distinct sliding-rod-like behavior where the polymer chains approach each other by first stretching out at a critical distance close to their contour length, then "shaking hand" and sliding along each other in a parallel fashion, before eventually folding into a neutral complex. The essential part of the PMF for highly charged PEs can be very well described by a simple theory based on sliding charged "Debye-Hückel" rods with renormalized charges in addition to an explicit entropy contribution owing to the release of condensed counterions. Interestingly, at the onset of complex formation, the mean force between the PE chains is found to be discontinuous, reflecting a bimodal structural behavior that arises from the coexistence of interconnected-rod and isolated-coil states. These two microstates of the PE complex are balanced by subtle counterion release effects and separated by a free-energy barrier due to unfavorable stretching entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matej Kanduč
- Institut für Weiche Materie und Funktionale Materialien, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Abstract
The significant parallels between cell plasticity during embryonic development and carcinoma progression have helped us understand the importance of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human disease. Our expanding knowledge of EMT has led to a clarification of the EMT program as a set of multiple and dynamic transitional states between the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, as opposed to a process involving a single binary decision. EMT and its intermediate states have recently been identified as crucial drivers of organ fibrosis and tumor progression, although there is some need for caution when interpreting its contribution to metastatic colonization. Here, we discuss the current state-of-the-art and latest findings regarding the concept of cellular plasticity and heterogeneity in EMT. We raise some of the questions pending and identify the challenges faced in this fast-moving field.
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20
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21
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Agbolaghi S, Zenoozi S, Hosseini Z, Abbasi F. Scrolled/Flat Crystalline Structures of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Poly(ethylene glycol) Block Copolymers Subsuming Unseeded Half-Ring-Like and Seeded Cubic, Epitaxial, and Fibrillar Crystals. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Agbolaghi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and ‡Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 5331711111 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Zenoozi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and ‡Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 5331711111 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and ‡Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 5331711111 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and ‡Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 5331711111 Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Agbolaghi S, Nazari M, Abbaspoor S, Gheybi H, Abbasi F. Micro/nano conductive-dielectric channels designed by poly(ethylene glycol) single crystals covered by polyaniline nanofibers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Xu J, Heck B, Ye HM, Jiang J, Tang YR, Liu J, Guo BH, Reiter R, Zhou DS, Reiter G. Stabilization of Nuclei of Lamellar Polymer Crystals: Insights from a Comparison of the Hoffman–Weeks Line with the Crystallization Line. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Barbara Heck
- Institute
of Physics and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hai-Mu Ye
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Ren Tang
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bao-Hua Guo
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Renate Reiter
- Institute
of Physics and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dong-Shan Zhou
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute
of Physics and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Migler KB, Kotula AP, Hight Walker AR. Trans-Rich Structures in Early Stage Crystallization of Polyethylene. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5025895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalman B. Migler
- Materials Science & Engineering Division and ‡Physical Measurements Laboratory, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Anthony P. Kotula
- Materials Science & Engineering Division and ‡Physical Measurements Laboratory, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Angela R. Hight Walker
- Materials Science & Engineering Division and ‡Physical Measurements Laboratory, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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25
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Zhao TP, Ren XK, Zhu WX, Liang YR, Li CC, Men YF, Liu CY, Chen EQ. "Brill Transition" Shown by Green Material Poly(octamethylene carbonate). ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:317-321. [PMID: 35596339 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(octamethylene carbonate) (POMC), as the eighth member of the newly developed biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate family, demonstrates a reversible crystal-crystal transition, which is highly similar to Brill transition extensively studied in the nylon family. With the dipole-dipole interaction in POMC much weaker than the hydrogen bonding, POMC exhibits its "Brill transition" temperature at around 42 °C, much lower than nylons. The two crystalline structures of POMC at below and above the transition temperature can be identified. The transition of POMC is largely associated with the reversible conformation change of methylene sequences from trans-dominated at low temperatures to trans/gauche coexistence at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Peng Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials,
Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University
of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiang Zhu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials,
Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ri Liang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Cheng Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials,
Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Feng Men
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yang Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials,
Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Er-Qiang Chen
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
and Physics of the Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Tian Y, Jones DS, Andrews GP. An investigation into the role of polymeric carriers on crystal growth within amorphous solid dispersion systems. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1180-92. [PMID: 25692314 DOI: 10.1021/mp500702s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using phase diagrams derived from Flory-Huggins theory, we defined the thermodynamic state of amorphous felodipine within three different polymeric carriers. Variation in the solubility and miscibility of felodipine within different polymeric materials (using F-H theory) has been identified and used to select the most suitable polymeric carriers for the production of amorphous drug-polymer solid dispersions. With this information, amorphous felodipine solid dispersions were manufactured using three different polymeric materials (HPMCAS-HF, Soluplus, and PVPK15) at predefined drug loadings, and the crystal growth rates of felodipine from these solid dispersions were investigated. Crystallization of amorphous felodipine was studied using Raman spectral imaging and polarized light microscopy. Using this data, we examined the correlation among several characteristics of solid dispersions to the crystal growth rate of felodipine. An exponential relationship was found to exist between drug loading and crystal growth rate. Moreover, crystal growth within all selected amorphous drug-polymer solid dispersion systems were viscosity dependent (η(-ξ)). The exponent, ξ, was estimated to be 1.36 at a temperature of 80 °C. Values of ξ exceeding 1 may indicate strong viscosity dependent crystal growth in the amorphous drug-polymer solid dispersion systems. We argue that the elevated exponent value (ξ > 1) is a result of drug-polymer mixing which leads to a less fragile amorphous drug-polymer solid dispersion system. All systems investigated displayed an upper critical solution temperature, and the solid-liquid boundary was always higher than the spinodal decomposition curve. Furthermore, for PVP-FD amorphous dispersions at drug loadings exceeding 0.6 volume ratio, the mechanism of phase separation within the metastable zone was found to be driven by nucleation and growth rather than liquid-liquid separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Tian
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David S Jones
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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27
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Jose R, Patel TJ, Cather TA, Willhelm DJ, Grebowicz J, Han H, Bhowmik PK, Sharpnack L, Agra-Kooijman DM, Kumar S. Thermotropic mesomorphism in catanionic surfactants synthesized from quaternary ammonium surfactants and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: Effect of chain length and symmetry. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Effects of various polymer brushes on the crystallization of poly(ethylene glycol) in poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) single crystals. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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30
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Encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles into block copolymer micellar aggregates: Strategies and precise localization of nanoparticles. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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He Z, Shi W, Chen F, Liu W, Liang Y, Han CC. Effective Morphology Control in an Immiscible Crystalline/Crystalline Blend by Artificially Selected Viscoelastic Phase Separation Pathways. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yongri Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, P. R. China
| | - Charles C. Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,
Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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32
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Unmasking the roles of N- and C-terminal flanking sequences from exon 1 of huntingtin as modulators of polyglutamine aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20075-80. [PMID: 24282292 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320626110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease is caused by mutational expansion of the CAG trinucleotide within exon 1 of the huntingtin (Htt) gene. Exon 1 spanning N-terminal fragments (NTFs) of the Htt protein result from aberrant splicing of transcripts of mutant Htt. NTFs typically encompass a polyglutamine tract flanked by an N-terminal 17-residue amphipathic stretch (N17) and a C-terminal 38-residue proline-rich stretch (C38). We present results from in vitro biophysical studies that quantify the driving forces for and mechanisms of polyglutamine aggregation as modulated by N17 and C38. Although N17 is highly soluble by itself, it lowers the saturation concentration of soluble NTFs and increases the driving force, vis-à-vis homopolymeric polyglutamine, for forming insoluble aggregates. Kinetically, N17 accelerates fibril formation and destabilizes nonfibrillar intermediates. C38 is also highly soluble by itself, and it lends its high intrinsic solubility to lower the driving force for forming insoluble aggregates by increasing the saturation concentration of soluble NTFs. In NTFs with both modules, N17 and C38 act synergistically to destabilize nonfibrillar intermediates (N17 effect) and lower the driving force for forming insoluble aggregates (C38 effect). Morphological studies show that N17 and C38 promote the formation of ordered fibrils by NTFs. Homopolymeric polyglutamine forms a mixture of amorphous aggregates and fibrils, and its aggregation mechanisms involve early formation of heterogeneous distributions of nonfibrillar species. We propose that N17 and C38 act as gatekeepers that control the intrinsic heterogeneities of polyglutamine aggregation. This provides a biophysical explanation for the modulation of in vivo NTF toxicities by N17 and C38.
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33
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Li J, Kuttich B, Gallei M, Elbert J, Rehahn M, Stühn B. Multiple recrystallization behavior of poly(1,1-dimethysilacyclobutane): A combined calorimetric and small angle X-ray scattering study. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Tian Y, Booth J, Meehan E, Jones DS, Li S, Andrews GP. Construction of Drug–Polymer Thermodynamic Phase Diagrams Using Flory–Huggins Interaction Theory: Identifying the Relevance of Temperature and Drug Weight Fraction to Phase Separation within Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:236-48. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300386v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Tian
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials
Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Rd Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10
2NA
| | - Elizabeth Meehan
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Rd Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10
2NA
| | - David S. Jones
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials
Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Li
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials
Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin P. Andrews
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials
Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
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35
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Li J, Li W, Li Z, Cheng H, Li Y, Han CC. Role of inter-diffusion on the crystallization dynamics in polyethylene/poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) blend system. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:044902. [PMID: 21806156 DOI: 10.1063/1.3613652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influence of inter-diffusion on the crystallization dynamics in polyethylene/poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (PE/PEP) blends was studied by a combination of optical microscopy (OM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). OM measurements showed that the crystal nuclei may be first generated at phase separated interface where concentration fluctuation is greatly enhanced in the temperature quench process. After the formation of crystal nuclei, the only crystallizable components, PE chains, are necessary to reach the nucleation site via inter-diffusion to continue the secondary nucleation and growth process. DSC showed that there is only one 96 °C crystallization peak when PE (M(W) = 52 kg/mol) is blended with low molecular weight PEP (M(W) = 32 kg/mol); while there are two crystallization peaks, which are 96 °C and 72 °C, respectively, when the same PE is blended with high molecular weight PEP (M(W) = 110 kg/mol). The origin of the 72 °C crystallization peak was studied by DSC isothermal crystallization and time resolved FTIR. It was proved that the 72 °C crystallization peak is resulted from the smaller inter-diffusion coefficient in the PEP-rich region. Both slow mode theory and fast mode/constraint release models of inter-diffusion can be used to explain the smaller inter-diffusion coefficient in the PEP-rich region, which dynamically results in the disappearance of the 72 °C crystallization peak after isothermal crystallization at 90 °C for 60 min. Therefore, inter-diffusion plays an important role on crystallization dynamics in multi-component and multi-phase polymeric blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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36
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Cao Y, Van Horn RM, Sun HJ, Zhang G, Wang CL, Jeong KU, Auriemma F, De Rosa C, Lotz B, Cheng SZD. Stem Tilt in α-Form Single Crystals of Isotactic Polypropylene: A Manifestation of Conformational Constraints Set by Stereochemistry and Minimized Fold Encumbrance. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102902y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ryan M. Van Horn
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Hao-Jan Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Polymer Bin Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer Nano-Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Chimia “Paolo Corradini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimia “Paolo Corradini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Bernard Lotz
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 23, Rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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37
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Zhang G, Cao Y, Jin L, Zheng P, Van Horn RM, Lotz B, Cheng SZ, Wang W. Crystal growth pattern changes in low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) ultrathin films. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Lau YTR, Schultz JM, Weng LT, Ng KM, Chan CM. Control of the fold surface conformation of the lamellae of an oligomer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:8263-8267. [PMID: 19435296 DOI: 10.1021/la9004505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that a semirigid oligomer of bisphenol-A-co-ether-octane with a monodisperse chain length is capable of forming ciliated-folded, once-folded, ciliated-extended and fully extended lamellar structures. Isothermal crystallization studies suggested a sequence of structures with increasing crystallization temperature, from a ciliated-folded to a once-folded form and then to a ciliated-extended form as the degree of supercooling is decreased. The crystal surface thus changed from octane cilia to bisphenol A segments and then back to octane cilia as the lamellar structure changed. The results of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses strongly supported the fold structural models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Ting R Lau
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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39
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Ammar-Khodja F, Guermouche S, Guermouche MH, Judenstein P, Bayle JP. Phase Transition Behavior of a New Monotropic Liquid Crystal by Inverse GC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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Wang S, Wu C, Ren MQ, Van Horn RM, Graham MJ, Han CC, Chen E, Cheng SZ. Liquid–liquid phase separation in a polyethylene blend monitored by crystallization kinetics and crystal-decorated phase morphologies. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Zhang X, Wang Z, Dong X, Wang D, Han CC. Interplay between two phase transitions: crystallization and liquid-liquid phase separation in a polyolefin blend. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:24907. [PMID: 16848611 DOI: 10.1063/1.2208997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and crystallization at several compositions in statistical copolymer blends of poly(ethyleneco-hexene) and poly(ethylene-cobutene) has been examined by optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phase contrast optical microscopy shows interconnected bicontinuous structures for deeply quenched LLPS, characteristic of spinodal decomposition. After a second quench to a temperature below the melting point, an overwhelming change in crystallization kinetics has been clearly observed, which is caused by the increase of the nucleation rate assisted by concentration fluctuations due to the spontaneous spinodal LLPS. We propose a new mechanism of "fluctuation assisted nucleation" in the crystallization process for such interactive process in a blend system. The experimental results from OM, AFM, and DSC measurements at various conditions are all consistent with the fluctuation assisted nucleation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100080, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lotz
- a Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS-ULP) , 6 rue Boussingault, Strasbourg, 67083, France
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Jeong KU, Jing AJ, Monsdorf B, Graham MJ, Harris FW, Cheng SZD. Self-Assembly of Chemically Linked Rod−Disc Mesogenic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:767-77. [PMID: 17249820 DOI: 10.1021/jp066274b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new molecular discs (RDn, here n is the number of carbon atoms between the rod and disc mesogens) was synthesized via the chemical attachment of six cyanobiphenyl calamitic (rod) mesogens (R) linked to the triphenyl discotic (disc) mesogen (D) with a series of six alkyl chain linkages (n = 6-12). In this study, phase structures, transitions, and liquid crystalline (LC) behavior of the RD12 compound with 12 carbon atoms in each alkyl chain linkage between the rod and disc mesogens were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) allowed us to identify three ordered phases below the isotropization temperature: nematic (N) LC and K1 and K2 crystalline phases. On the basis of the structural results obtained via 2D WAXD experiments on oriented samples and SAED experiments on single crystals, the K1 crystalline unit cell was determined to be triclinic with the dimensions of a = 1.36 nm, b = 1.45 nm, c = 2.11 nm, alpha = 85 degrees, beta = 100 degrees, and gamma = 50 degrees. The K2 phase was metastable with respect to the K1 phase. It also possessed a triclinic unit cell with a = 1.40 nm, b = 1.51 nm, c = 1.92 nm, alpha = 87 degrees, beta = 117 degrees, and gamma = 62 degrees. Molecular packing models for the crystalline phases were proposed on the basis of the diffraction results. In the whole range of ordered structures, it was found that RD12 molecular discs are intercalated. Both triphenyl discotic mesogens and cyanobiphenyl calamitic mesogens are completely interdigitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Un Jeong
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, USA
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Berti C, Celli A, Marchese P, Marianucci E, Marega C, Causin V, Marigo A. Aliphatic poly(alkylene dithiocarbonate)s: Thermal properties and structural characteristics of poly(hexamethylene dithiocarbonate). POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Wang X, Hou W, Zhou J, Li L, Li Y, Chan CM. Melting behavior of lamellae of isotactic polypropylene studied using hot-stage atomic force microscopy. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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46
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Temperature-resolved SAXS studies of morphological changes in melt-crystallized poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) and its melting upon heating. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Zhu DS, Liu YX, Shi AC, Chen EQ. Morphology evolution in superheated crystal monolayer of low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) on mica surface. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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48
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Enthalpic and entropic origins of nucleation barriers during polymer crystallization: the Hoffman–Lauritzen theory and beyond. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Zhang X, Wang Z, Muthukumar M, Han CC. Fluctuation-Assisted Crystallization: In a Simultaneous Phase Separation and Crystallization Polyolefin Blend System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Nagapudi K, Brinkman WT, Leisen J, Thomas BS, Wright ER, Haller C, Wu X, Apkarian RP, Conticello VP, Chaikof EL. Protein-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0491199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nagapudi
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - William T. Brinkman
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - Johannes Leisen
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - Benjamin S. Thomas
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - Elizabeth R. Wright
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - Carolyn Haller
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - Robert P. Apkarian
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - Vincent P. Conticello
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
| | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Polymer, Textile, and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Integrated Microscopy & Microanalytical Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
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