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Yang H, Wu B, Yang Q, Tan T, Shang D, Chen J, Cao C, Xu C. Urolithin C suppresses colorectal cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR pathway. J Nat Med 2024:10.1007/s11418-024-01821-2. [PMID: 38849679 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Urolithin families are gut-microbial metabolites of ellagic acid (EA). Although urolithin A (UA) and urolithin B (UB) were reported to have antiproliferative activities in cancer cells, the role and related mechanisms of urolithin C (UC) in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been clarified. In this study, we assess the antitumor activities of UC in vitro and in vivo and further explore the underlying mechanisms in CRC cell lines. We found that UC inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC cells, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in vitro, and UC inhibited tumor growth in a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in vivo. Mechanically, UC blocked the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of Y-box binding protein 1(YBX1). The AKT agonist SC79 could reverse the suppression of cell proliferation in UC-treated CRC cells. In conclusion, our research revealed that UC could prevent the progression of CRC by blocking AKT/mTOR signaling, suggesting that it may have potential therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochi Yang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Binghuo Wu
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Centre, Chongqing, 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Biotherapy Centre, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tian Tan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dan Shang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China
| | - Chenhui Cao
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610042, China.
| | - Chuan Xu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610047, China.
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Centre, Chongqing, 400039, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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Cavalu S, Saber S, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Elmorsy EA, Youssef ME. Orexins in apoptosis: a dual regulatory role. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336145. [PMID: 38699177 PMCID: PMC11064656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexins, also referred to as hypocretins, are neuropeptides that originate from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) region of the brain. They are composed of two small peptides, orexin-A, and orexin-B, which are broadly distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Orexins are recognized to regulate diverse functions, involving energy homeostasis, the sleep-wake cycle, stress responses, and reward-seeking behaviors. Additionally, it is suggested that orexin-A deficiency is linked to sleepiness and narcolepsy. The orexins bind to their respective receptors, the orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R), and activate different signaling pathways, which results in the mediation of various physiological functions. Orexin receptors are widely expressed in different parts of the body, including the skin, muscles, lungs, and bone marrow. The expression levels of orexins and their receptors play a crucial role in apoptosis, which makes them a potential target for clinical treatment of various disorders. This article delves into the significance of orexins and orexin receptors in the process of apoptosis, highlighting their expression levels and their potential contributions to different diseases. The article offers an overview of the existing understanding of the orexin/receptor system and how it influences the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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Shaikh F, Sodhi SK, Kale LM, Farooqui ZF, Farooqui A. Molecular targeted therapy, advanced treatment for cancers of the head-and-neck region: A systematic review. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1206-1211. [PMID: 37787284 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1291_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The foundation of oncology treatment as a single modality approach as well as the "multimodality" concept has been studied by statistical evaluation pre, during, and posttreatment to rule out their efficacy, expected prognosis, toxicity reactions, and overall survival for the patient. Such studies have also provided an appreciable amount of data for future custom utility. "Targeted therapy" is a cancer treatment that uses drugs but is different from traditional chemotherapy. It works by targeting cancer-specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that contributes to cancer growth and survival. Researchers are developing drugs that target specific molecular changes. The drugs can block or turn off signals that tell cancer cells to grow and divide, keep cells from living longer than usual, and destroy the cancer cells. Aim The aim of the study is to carry out a systematic review of clinical trials of molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of cancer. Objective The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of head-and-neck cancers. Materials and Methods A group of keywords was preselected to search for scientific articles on a web-based database of PubMed. Only completed randomized controlled trials published in the past 5 years in the English language were included with open access. All the selected articles were subjected to the Cochrane bias tool and PRISMA guidelines to extract results. Results Among 4 studies specifying the progression-free survival (PFS) for comparing the groups treated either using targeted therapy or other modality/placebo, 50% of studies show a slight increase in PFS in the group treated with TT and other 50% show PFS increase in the non-TT group. Thus, insufficient evidence is furnished to provide a statement and acknowledged the expectancy of a disease-free period with or without the use of TT in the treatment of head-and-neck cancer. Conclusion Considering very little information on enhanced effect and presence of evidence supporting an increased risk of adverse events, the addition of TT to treatment is a question to the dilemma. A systematic review intends advantageous in providing foresight for oncologists concerning patient assessment and evaluation to defend inclination proceeding toward the treatment defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous Shaikh
- Senior Lecture, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rural Dental College, Pravara Medical Trust-Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonia Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Csmss Dental College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lata M Kale
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Csmss Dental College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zeenat Fatema Farooqui
- Senior Classical Homeopath and Clinical Counsellor, Shifa Homeopathic Clinic, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aamena Farooqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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Bahman A, Abaza MS, Khoushaish S, Al-Attiyah RJ. Therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib and plant-derived phytochemicals in human colorectal cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 37365571 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the sequence-dependent anticancer effects of combined treatment with sorafenib (Sora), a Food and Drug Administration-approved multikinase inhibitor drug, and plant-derived phytochemicals (PPCs) on human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth, and proteins associated with the control of cell cycle and apoptosis. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of 14 PPCs on CRL1554 fibroblast cells were determined using an MTT assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Sora, PPCs, and a combination of both on CRC cells were also investigated. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry, and cell apoptosis was investigated using DNA fragmentation, Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential analyses. The cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated protein expression levels were analysed using western blotting. RESULTS Based on their low levels of cytotoxicity in CRL1554 cells at ≤ 20%, curcumin, quercetin, kaempferol, and resveratrol were selected for use in subsequent experiments. The combined treatment of sora and PPCs caused levels of CRC cytotoxicity in a dose-, cell type-, and schedule-dependent manner. Moreover, the combined treatment of CRC cells arrested cell growth at the S and G2/M phases, induced apoptotic cell death, caused extensive mitochondrial membrane damage, and altered the expression of the cell cycle and apoptotic proteins. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study highlighted a difference in the level of sora efficacy in CRC cells when combined with PPCs. Further in vivo and clinical studies using the combined treatment of sora and PPCs are required to determine their potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed Bahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed-Salah Abaza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Sarah Khoushaish
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Rajaa J Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
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Koparir P, Evren Parlak A, Karatepe A, Omar RA. Elucidation of Potential Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Some New Triazole Compounds Bearing Pyridine-4-yl Moiety and Cyclobutane Ring. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Bazarbashi S, Alghabban A, Aseafan M, Aljubran AH, Alzahrani A, Elhassan TAM. Prognostic significance of peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer treated with first-line triplet chemotherapy. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2429-2438. [PMID: 35434075 PMCID: PMC8968618 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i8.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) carries a poor prognosis in most studies. The majority of those studies used either a single-agent or doublet chemotherapy regimen in the first-line setting.
AIM To investigate the prognostic significance of peritoneal metastasis in a cohort of patients treated with triplet chemotherapy in the first-line setting.
METHODS We retrospectively evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in 51 patients with metastatic CRC treated in a prospective clinical trial with capecitabine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and bevacizumab in the first-line setting according to the presence and absence of peritoneal metastasis. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses for PFS and OS were performed to assess the prognostic significance of peritoneal metastasis at the multivariate level.
RESULTS Fifty-one patients were treated with the above triplet therapy. Fifteen had peritoneal metastasis. The patient characteristics of both groups showed a significant difference in the sidedness of the primary tumor (left-sided primary tumor in 60% of the peritoneal group vs 86% in the nonperitoneal group, P = 0.03) and the presence of liver metastasis (40% for the peritoneal group vs 75% for the nonperitoneal group, P = 0.01). Univariate analysis for PFS showed a statistically significant difference for age less than 65 years (P = 0.034), presence of liver metastasis (P = 0.046), lung metastasis (P = 0.011), and those who underwent metastasectomy (P = 0.001). Only liver metastasis and metastasectomy were statistically significant for OS, with P values of 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age (less than 65 years) and metastasectomy were statistically significant for PFS, with P values of 0.002 and 0.001, respectively. On the other hand, the absence of liver metastasis and metastasectomy were statistically significant for OS, with P values of 0.003 and 0.005, respectively.
CONCLUSION Peritoneal metastasis in patients with metastatic CRC treated with first-line triple chemotherapy does not carry prognostic significance at univariate and multivariate levels. Confirmatory larger studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouki Bazarbashi
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alghabban
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Aseafan
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Aljubran
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alzahrani
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tusneem AM Elhassan
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ling S, He Y, Li X, Ma Y, Li Y, Kong B, Huang P. Significant Gene Biomarker Tyrosine Kinase Non-receptor 2 Mediated Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:653657. [PMID: 34421982 PMCID: PMC8371684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.653657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression and biological functions of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer. Materials and methods: The expression of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer tissues was analyzed using data deposited on public databases including UALCAN and ONCOMINE. We verified their expression in colon cancer cell lines by RT-qPCR and western blotting. By regulating the expression of TNK2 and miR-125a-3p in colon cancer cells, their functions and potential mechanisms were explored. Results:TNK2 was overexpressed in colon cancer cell lines, and it was found to directly bind to miR-125a-3p, which was downregulated in these cell lines. Their expression affected the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells. Additionally, colon cancer patients with lower TNK2 expression had better prognoses than those with higher TNK2 expression. Conclusion: Our results indicated that TNK2 and miR-125a-3p play critical roles in colon cancer, and could also serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkai Ling
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanru He
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peilin Huang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Raimondi L, Raimondi FM, Di Benedetto L, Cimino G, Spinelli GP. PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Tumour Cells May Be Predictive of Response to Regorafenib in Patients Diagnosed with Chemorefractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186907. [PMID: 32962309 PMCID: PMC7555209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regorafenib, targeting a broad range of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), is an oral multikinase inhibitor which improves the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), making an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. The correlation between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and RTKs inhibition has been studied in several tumour types but has not been analyzed extensively in mCRC in the era of regorafenib. In this study, using liquid biopsy, we evaluated the opportunity to reveal if PD-L1 expression on circulating tumour cells (CTCs) could serve as a predictive biomarker of response and clinical benefit in patients treated with regorafenib as the third line of treatment. We analyzed a cohort of forty chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients, of whom twenty-six KRAS mutated, treated with regorafenib, all as the third line of treatment. Blood samples were collected from patients prior to treatment and longitudinally four and eight weeks after initiation of therapy. CTCs were identified using multiparametric flow cytometry; therefore, PD-L1 expression was evaluated. Objective responses were defined following the RECIST criteria v.1.1. Moreover, focusing on peripheral blood biomarkers, we found that high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was an independent prognostic indicator of poor OS. For the first time, our study showed the usefulness of sequential assessments of CTCs as a non-invasive real-time biopsy to evaluate PD-L1 expression in patients diagnosed with mCRC and treated with regorafenib. Our analysis suggests that by assessing PD-L1 expression on CTCs, we could predict who will benefit from regorafenib, offering highly individualized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Raimondi
- UOC Territorial Oncology of Aprilia, AUSL Latina, University of Rome Sapienza, 04011 Aprilia, Italy; (L.R.); (G.C.)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Cimino
- UOC Territorial Oncology of Aprilia, AUSL Latina, University of Rome Sapienza, 04011 Aprilia, Italy; (L.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Gian Paolo Spinelli
- UOC Territorial Oncology of Aprilia, AUSL Latina, University of Rome Sapienza, 04011 Aprilia, Italy; (L.R.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-9286-34377
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Elshenawy MA, Badran A, Aljubran A, Alzahrani A, Rauf MS, Eldali A, Bazarbashi S. Survival benefit of surgical resection after first-line triplet chemotherapy and bevacizumab in patients with initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:163. [PMID: 32641137 PMCID: PMC7346377 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection of metastatic disease in patients with initially non-resectable colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved overall survival. Intensified chemotherapy regimens have increased the probability of converting unresectable metastasis to resectable. Here, we report the result of combining intensive chemotherapy (triplet) and surgical resection of metastatic lesions in patients with metastatic CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with unresectable metastatic CRC were enrolled in phase I/II trial of triplet chemotherapy consisting of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and bevacizumab. Patients were given 5-8 cycles induction chemotherapy of the above regimen followed by maintenance capecitabine and bevacizumab until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient request. All patients were assessed at a multidisciplinary conference for possible surgical resection of their metastatic disease at the time of inclusion in the trial and 2 monthly intervals thereafter. Patients who underwent R0 resection of their metastatic disease received adjuvant oxaliplatin and capecitabine to complete a total of 6 months of chemotherapy. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were enrolled. The median age was 52 years (range 23-74), 29 (55%) were males, ECOG PS 0-1 was 13 (66%), 11 (42%) had a right-sided tumor, 29 (55%) had resection of their primary tumor, 22 (42%) had a single metastatic site, and 8 (15.1%) had a liver-limited disease. Thirteen patients (24.5%) underwent surgical resection of residual metastatic disease +/- the primary tumor with 10 (18.9%) of them were R0. The surgical group had a higher incidence of males compared to the non-surgical group (69.3% vs 47.2%, p = 0.2), equal performance status, lower median number of metastatic sites (1 vs 2, p = 0.09), higher mutant Kras (53.8% vs 34.2%, p = 0.3), and higher response rate (84.6% vs 56.2%, p = 0.3). With a median follow-up duration of 89 months, the median PFS for the whole group was 16.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.1-20] and the median OS was 28.2 months (95% CI 22.5-53.3). The median PFS for the surgery group was 18.9 months (95% CI 12.6-not reached) compared to 9.6 months (95% CI 7.0-18.3) for the non-surgical group, log-rank p = 0.0165. The median OS for both groups was not reached (95% CI 53.3-not reached) and 23.2 months (95% CI 17.0-28.4) respectively, log-rank p = 0.0006. Five-year PFS and OS for the surgery group were 46.2% and 67.6% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients with unresectable metastatic CRC and fit for triplet chemotherapy should have the benefit of combining this intensified regimen and surgical resection of their metastatic disease if possible. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01311050 , registered March 6, 2011, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Elshenawy
- Medical Oncology Section, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, 32511 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Badran
- Medical Oncology Section, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591 Egypt
| | - Ali Aljubran
- Medical Oncology Section, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alzahrani
- Medical Oncology Section, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Shahzad Rauf
- Medical Oncology Section, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmoneim Eldali
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouki Bazarbashi
- Medical Oncology Section, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
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Mishra R, Mishra S. Updates in bile acid-bioactive molecule conjugates and their applications. Steroids 2020; 159:108639. [PMID: 32222373 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid conjugates are emerging as important chemical resources due to their low cost and wide availability of bile acids, making them privileged molecules in drug carrier systems and building blocks for derivatization and chiral template introduction into bioactive molecules. In recent years, bile acids as scaffolds in supramolecular, medicinal, and material chemistry attracted prime focus of researchers as an area of research to be followed with passion. Due to peculiar physicochemical and biological properties, bile acid exhibited various applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, the bile acid conjugations with different bioactive compounds have been discussed to understand their influence on the bioavailability of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roli Mishra
- Department of Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- Department of Physical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
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SN-38-Loaded PLGA microspheres injected intratumorally for cancer: preparation, characterization and evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lucas A, Lam D, Cabrales P. Doxorubicin-loaded red blood cells reduced cardiac toxicity and preserved anticancer activity. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:433-442. [PMID: 30929538 PMCID: PMC6450495 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1591544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anticancer agents. DOX is known for inducing cardiotoxicity, resulting in the long-term development of heart failure. Intravascular delivery of DOX may benefit from the carriage by red blood cells (RBCs), as they can limit the systemic toxicity while delivering the DOX to the tumor. This study proposes a methodology for the synthesis of electrophoretically DOX-loaded red blood cells (RBC-DOX), as well as the assessment of its antitumorigenic effects in human colon cancer cells (HT-29), and in colon cancer xenograft models. In addition, healthy mice without tumors were dosed with RBC-DOX to assess cardiotoxicity via assessment of indexes of cardiac function after multiple doses of RBC-DOX. The HT-29 IC50 was found to be lower for RBC-DOX compared to free DOX. Tumor volume for the RBC-DOX group was smaller than the free DOX groups in HT-29 xenografts models. Statistically higher concentrations of DOX were found in the liver, spleen, and lungs for the RBC-DOX group compared to the free DOX group. However, the heart and the skin had statistically lower DOX concentrations for the RBC-DOX group compared to the free DOX group, with no significant differences in tumor biodistribution. All hemodynamic and cardiac function parameters were closer to control parameters for the RBC-DOX treated compared to for the free DOX-treated mice. These results suggest that RBC-DOX can be an alternative to prolong treatments with DOX, with superior antitumorigenic effects, decreased myelosuppression, and limited cardiac toxicity compared to equivalent doses of free DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Lucas
- a Department of Bioengineering , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Dawn Lam
- a Department of Bioengineering , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- a Department of Bioengineering , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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13
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Krug S, Mordhorst JP, Moser F, Theuerkorn K, Ruffert C, Egidi M, Rinke A, Gress TM, Michl P. Interaction between somatostatin analogues and targeted therapies in neuroendocrine tumor cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218953. [PMID: 31237925 PMCID: PMC6592550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin analogues (SSA) represent the standard of care for symptom control in patients with functional gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). In addition, SSA exert significant anti-proliferative effects in mid-gut and pancreatic NET (PanNET). In parallel, molecularly targeted therapies (MTT) have been shown to improve progression free survival (PFS) in patients with PanNET. However, due to either primary or acquired resistance to MTT, their impact on overall survival (OS) remains unclear. To date, various hypotheses exist to explain differences in patient responsiveness to SSA and MTT. However, data addressing one of the most pivotal questions, whether combining SSA with novel MTT will result in synergistic or additive efficacy compared to monotherapy, are lacking. The aim of this study is to characterize the interaction, optimal sequence and dosing of SSA-based and molecularly targeted therapies in PanNET. Somatostatin receptor subtypes 1–5 (SSTR) were evaluated in the neuroendocrine cell lines Bon1, QGP1 and Ins-1 via immunoblot and qRT-PCR. The impact of the SSA-analogue lanreotide alone or in combination with the MTT sunitinib, everolimus and regorafenib on intracellular signalling, hormone secretion and cell proliferation was determined in cell lysates and supernatants. In addition, synergistic effects of SSA and MTT in various sequential therapeutic approaches were investigated. SSTR were differently expressed in the examined neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. SSTR modulation via lanreotide moderately influenced proliferation, mainly via modulating AKT and ERK signalling, which was paralleled by decreased chromogranin A (CgA) expression and secretion. Interestingly, MTT treatment with regorafenib upregulated the expression of SSTR-2 and -5, while sunitinib and everolimus did not significantly alter SSTR expression. Cell viability was significantly reduced by all MTT, with regorafenib exerting the most significant effects. However, compared to the marked effects of MTT alone, synergistic effects of combined MTT and lanreotide treatment were only modest and time- and dose-dependent. SSTR are differentially expressed in various NEN cell lines. Their expression is influenced by MTT treatment. Various sequential or simultaneous combinations of lanreotide and MTT did not lead to significant synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Krug
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Mordhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fabian Moser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katharina Theuerkorn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Ruffert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maren Egidi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Rinke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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14
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Fei F, Li C, Cao Y, Liu K, Du J, Gu Y, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang S. CK7 expression associates with the location, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and the Dukes' stage of primary colorectal cancers. J Cancer 2019; 10:2510-2519. [PMID: 31258757 PMCID: PMC6584339 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) show positive immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CK20 and negative staining for CK7. However, in clinical settings, some CRCs show positive IHC staining for CK7, and the clinicopathological significance of this needs to be studied. This study investigated the clinicopathological significance of CK7 positivity in CRCs. Materials and Methods: A total of 178 patients with CRC were used to study the clinicopathological significance of CK7 positivity. Western blotting and immunocytochemical (ICC) staining were used to compare the expression levels of CK7 before and after CoCl2 treatment. Results: CK7 expression was associated with the location, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and the Dukes' stage of CRCs. CK7 positive cells were mainly distributed at the edge of cancer nests, at the invasion front, as single stromal polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), in tumor buds, in intravascular tumor emboli, and in a micropapillary pattern. Results of ICC staining showed that CK7 expression was almost negative in LoVo and HCT116 before CoCl2 treatment. After CoCl2 treatment, the PGCCs and their daughter cells of LoVo and HCT116 yielded positive results in CK7 ICC staining. Results of western blotting also confirmed that there was higher CK7 expression in LoVo and HCT116 after CoCl2 treatment than in the control. Conclusion: CRC cells expressing CK7 may have strong invasive and metastatic abilities. Some metastasis-related morphological characteristics in CRCs including the invasion front, micropapillary pattern, tumor emboli, and single stromal PGCCs associated with CK7 positive expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Du
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Gu
- Department of pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistic University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Departments of colorectal surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, P.R. China
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15
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Wang J, Xing B, Liu W, Li J, Wang X, Li J, Yang J, Ji C, Li Z, Dong B, Gao J, Shen L. Molecularly annotation of mouse avatar models derived from patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Theranostics 2019; 9:3485-3500. [PMID: 31281492 PMCID: PMC6587174 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver is the most common metastatic site in advanced colorectal cancer. Most patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) do not benefit from current treatment. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with defined molecular signatures are attractive models for preclinical studies. Methods: Successfully established PDXs were evaluated to elucidate their fidelity of patients' biologic characteristics (pathologic, genetic and protein properties, together with chemosensitivity). The genomic variations of PDXs were analyzed by next-generation sequencing to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of metastasis and potential therapeutic targets. Results: CRLM (N=73) showed a significantly higher successful PDX establishment rate than primary specimens (N=26; 76.7% vs. 57.7%). CRLM PDXs recapitulated the pathologic, genetic and protein properties of parental tumors, as well as chemosensitivity. Frequent altered genes in PDXs showed high consistency compared to patients' genomic alterations and were enriched in MAPK, ErbB, cell cycle, focal adhesion pathways for CRLM PDXs, whereas primary tumor-derived PDXs only exhibited genomic variations involving ErbB and cell cycle. The genetic alterations showed high concordance between paired PDXs from primary and metastatic tissues, except for recurrent gene mutations (ARID1A, CDK8, ETV1, STAT5B and WNK3) and common copy number gains in chromosomes 20q (e.g., SRC/AURKA). Several potential drug targets such as KRAS, HER2, and FGFR2 were validated using corresponding inhibitors. Additionally, PDX models could also be used in screening efficient regimens for patients with no druggable alterations. Conclusion: This study has successfully established and validated a large panel of molecularly annotated platforms from patients with CRLM for preclinical studies.
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Aljubran A, Elshenawy MA, Kandil M, Zahir MN, Shaheen A, Gad A, Alshaer O, Alzahrani A, Eldali A, Bazarbashi S. Efficacy of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2019; 13:1179554918825447. [PMID: 30728734 PMCID: PMC6354297 DOI: 10.1177/1179554918825447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of refractory advanced colorectal cancer. It was found in the clinical trials to have a modest benefit and significant toxicity. Our aim was to assess the outcome in our local clinic practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS Records of patients with confirmed colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib were reviewed. Clinical, pathological, and molecular data were collected. Efficacy and factors of possible prognostic significance were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 78 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with regorafenib from February 2014 to February 2016 in 4 different institutions (median age: 50.5 years; male: 40 [51.3%]; KRAS mutant: 41 [52%]; right colonic primary: 18 [23%]). A total of 52 patients (66.7%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 to 1, whereas in 25 patients (32.1%) it was >1. In total, 58 patients (74%) had dose reduction. No patient achieved objective response, 15 patients (19%) achieved stable disease, and 56 patients (72%) had progressive disease. With a median follow-up of 6.5 months, the median progression-free survival was 2.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-3.3) and overall survival was 8.0 months (95% CI, 6.2-9.7). Only performance status of ⩽1 had a statistically significant impact on progression-free survival and overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Regorafenib in our clinical practice has equal efficacy to reported data from pivotal registration trials. Our data suggest that performance status is the most important prognostic factor in patients treated with regorafenib, suggesting a careful selection of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aljubran
- Medical Oncology Section, The Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Elshenawy
- Medical Oncology Section, The Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Magdy Kandil
- Department of Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed N Zahir
- Medical Oncology Section, The Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Shaheen
- The Oncology Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Medical Oncology Section, The Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Alshaer
- Department of Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alzahrani
- Medical Oncology Section, The Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmonem Eldali
- Department of Bio-statics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouki Bazarbashi
- Medical Oncology Section, The Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Shouki Bazarbashi, Medical Oncology Section, The Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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Xu Y, Hay JW, Barzi A. Impact of drug substitution on cost of care: an example of economic analysis of cetuximab versus panitumumab. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2018; 16:30. [PMID: 30459532 PMCID: PMC6233290 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-018-0132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The alarming increase in the cost of cancer care is forcing all stakeholders to re-evaluate their approach to treatment. Drugs are the main contributor to the cost. To evaluate the significance of drug substitution on the cost of care we assessed the economic value of panitumumab vs. cetuximab in chemo-refractory metastatic CRC (mCRC) with wild-type KRAS from a US societal perspective. Methods We developed a Markov model with three health states: progression-free, progressive, and death. We calculated the transition probabilities between states using the ASPECCT trial report and US life tables. Costs of drug and administration were based on the Medicare reimbursement rates. Published data were used for cost of toxicities and utilities. All costs were converted to 2017 US dollars. The model used quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) to measure health outcomes for each treatment option. Results Panitumumab and cetuximab produced 0.45 QALYs at a per patient cost of $66,006 and $71,956, respectively. The incremental net monetary benefit of panitumumab compared to cetuximab is $5237 under a societal willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000. The model showed robustness to one-way sensitivity analyses and various alternative scenarios and was found to be most sensitive to the cost of cetuximab. Conclusions Panitumumab can lower the cost of care without impacting outcomes in chemo-refractory mCRC settings. This finding provides a strong argument to consider panitumumab in lieu of cetuximab in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- 1Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Suite 310, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Joel W Hay
- 1Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Suite 310, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Afsaneh Barzi
- 2Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave. Suite 3440, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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18
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Agarwal DS, Siva Krishna V, Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Sakhuja R. Clickable conjugates of bile acids and nucleosides: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro anticancer and antituberculosis studies. Steroids 2018; 139:35-44. [PMID: 30236620 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of clickable bile acid-nucleosides conjugates linked directly or via amino acid linker were synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, HRMS and HPLC. The synthesized compounds 6a-p were screened for their in vitro anticancer property against a panel of three cancer cell lines (PC-3, MCF-7, IMR-32). In addition, the synthesized derivatives were also tested for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294 strain). Among the screened compounds, cholic acid-uridine clicked conjugate (6c), and cholic acid-uridine clicked conjugate liked via phenylalanine moiety (6m) were found to be most active against MCF-7 and IMR-32 exhibiting an IC50 value of 8.084 and 8.71 µM, respectively. The antimycobacterial study of the synthesized conjugates revealed all the conjugates to be active with MIC values in the range of 4.09-15.41 µM. Deoxycholic acid-adenosine clicked conjugate (6b) showed most promising antituberculosis property with MIC value of 4.09 µM. Most of the synthesized conjugates were found to be safe at 50 µM against normal human embryonic kidney (HEK 293 T) cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh S Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Perumal Yogeeswari
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
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19
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Hernández-López R, Torrens-Mas M, Pons DG, Company MM, Falcó E, Fernández T, Ibarra de la Rosa JM, Sastre-Serra J, Oliver J, Roca P. Non-tumor adjacent tissue of advanced stage from CRC shows activated antioxidant response. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:249-258. [PMID: 30130568 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of malignant cancer-related morbidity and mortality, with a higher incidence in developed countries and a high mortality rate mainly attributable to metastases. The aim of the present study was to determine the metabolic adaptations related to oxidative stress in tumor tissue from advanced stages (III and IV) of CRC and whether they could be used as potential biomarkers for clinical applications. To tackle this aim, we have analyzed the protein expression levels related to oxidative stress and the enzymatic activities of MnSOD and catalase, comparing samples of non-tumor adjacent tissue and tumor tissue of CRC patients in stages III and IV. The results showed no differences between stage III and IV in tumor tissues for any of the proteins studied. However, some differences were found between samples of non-tumor adjacent tissue and tumor tissue for some of the antioxidant enzymes. Overwhelmingly, the greatest differences were detected when comparing samples of non-tumor adjacent tissue from stage III and stage IV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where differences between the non-tumor adjacent tissues of CRC patients from different cancer stages were determined. This study suggests that the parameters analyzed should be evaluated as biomarkers for the evolution of CRC. Furthermore, tumor tissue status should not be of sole importance for the prognosis of CRC, as the non-tumor adjacent tissues could also merit consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyniel Hernández-López
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel G Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria M Company
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Clinica Rotger, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Esther Falcó
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Hospital Son Llatzer, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Teresa Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Hospital Son Llatzer, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Javier M Ibarra de la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Hospital Son Llatzer, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Identification of critical genes to predict recurrence and death in colon cancer: integrating gene expression and bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:139. [PMID: 30237752 PMCID: PMC6142417 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to screen the critical genes for future diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer by bioinformatics method. Methods In this study, we used bioinformatics approaches to identify gene alteration that contribute to colon cancer progression via analysis of TCGA RNA sequencing data and other publicly GEO microarray data. The Random forest survival model was used to screen gene sets related to the prognosis in DEGs. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to determine the potential function of DEGs. Results We identified versican (VCAN), a member of the aggrecan/versican proteoglycan family, as a key regulator in human colon cancer development and progression involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis and plays a central role in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance. Interestingly, we found that VCAN is highly over-expressed in colon cancer and increased expression of VCAN was associated with the progression of colon cancer. High VCAN levels also predict shorter overall survival of colon cancer patients. Furthermore, in vitro assays of silencing VCAN inhibit HCT116 cell proliferation and invasion. Conclusions These data demonstrated VCAN were associated with tumorigenesis and may be as biomarker for identification of the pathological grade of colon cancer.
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Zhang XP, Sun JG, Yao J, Shan K, Liu BH, Yao MD, Ge HM, Jiang Q, Zhao C, Yan B. Effect of nanoencapsulation using poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) on anti-angiogenic activity of bevacizumab for ocular angiogenesis therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1056-1063. [PMID: 30257317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based therapy is an effective strategy for treating ocular angiogenesis. However, short-acting efficacy and poor treatment compliance usually occurs in clinical practices. Thus, it is required to develop a drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability and decrease the toxicity of anti-angiogenic antibody. Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, bevacizumab was encapsulated into poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles. PLGA encapsulation could prolong the residency of bevacizumab in the vitreous and aqueous humor and produce long-lasting drug concentrations. Bevacizumab-encapsulated PLGA had no significant cytotoxicity and tissue toxicity effect in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies showed that bevacizumab-encapsulated PLGA was more effective than bevacizumab in inhibiting VEGF-mediated endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. In vivo studies showed that bevacizumab-encapsulated PLGA enhanced the anti-angiogenic efficiency of bevacizumab for treating corneal neovascularization and retinal neovascularization. Thus, bevacizumab-encapsulated PLGA could increase the bioavailability and decrease the toxicity of bevacizumab during ocular angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Zhang
- Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Sun
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Shan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Hui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Di Yao
- Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Min Ge
- Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
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Tian L, Gao J, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Huang G. Tamibarotene-Loaded PLGA Microspheres for Intratumoral Injection Administration: Preparation and Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:275-283. [PMID: 28702817 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamibarotene (Am80) has good curative effect on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To improve the therapeutic efficacy furtherly, we prepared tamibarotene-loaded PLGA microspheres (Am80-PLGA-MS) for intratumoral injection. Firstly, Am80-PLGA-MS were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Subsequently, microspheres were characterized by particle size analysis, drug loading (DL), and entrapment efficiency (EE). Finally, the drug release characteristics in vitro, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamics were studied separately. According to results obtained, microspheres were spherical with a uniform particle size 7.04 ± 0.03 μm and its EE and DL were 82.23 ± 0.74 and 11.74 ± 0.11%, respectively. In vitro, Am80-PLGA-MS can release drug for 14 days and its release behavior was fitted with the Higuchi equation. In pharmacokinetic studies, the t1/2β, MRT, and AUC of microspheres were 15.43-fold, 8.62-fold, and 9.98-fold those of Am80 solution, respectively, which revealed that the utilization of drug was improved obviously. The pharmacodynamics studies showed that the tumor doubling time, growth inhibition rate, and specific growth rate of tumor of Am80-PLGA-MS were 1.34 times, 2.63 times, and 0.72 times those of drug solution, respectively, indicating that the inhibitory effect on tumor by the microspheres was significantly improved. In summary, Am80-PLGA-MS are promising carrier to enhance the inhibitory effect on tumor, which will provide significantly clinical value for treatment of HCC.
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Was H, Czarnecka J, Kominek A, Barszcz K, Bernas T, Piwocka K, Kaminska B. Some chemotherapeutics-treated colon cancer cells display a specific phenotype being a combination of stem-like and senescent cell features. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 19:63-75. [PMID: 29053388 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1385675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death among cancer patients in the Northern countries. CRC can reappear a long time after treatment. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that, in response to chemotherapy, cancer cells may undergo stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), which typically results in growth arrest. Nonetheless, these senescent cells were reported to divide in an atypical manner and thus contribute to cancer re-growth. Therefore, we examined if SIPS escape may follow treatment with chemotherapeutics used clinically: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA) and irinotecan (IRINO). To mimic the therapeutic regimes we exposed human colon cancer HCT116 and SW480 cells to repeated cycles of drug treatment. The cells treated with 5-FU or IRINO exhibited several hallmarks of SIPS: growth arrest, increased size and granularity, polyploidization, augmented activity of the SA-β-galactosidase, accumulation of P21 and CYCLIN D1 proteins, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Moreover, re-population of the cancer cell cultures was delayed upon treatment with the senescence-inducing agents. At the same time, we detected a subpopulation of senescent colon cancer cells with features of stemness: elevated NANOG expression, exclusion of Hoechst 33342 (typical for side population) and increased CD24 expression. Additionally, rare, polyploid cells exhibited blastocyst-like morphology and produced progeny. In parallel, majority of chemotherapeutics-treated cells underwent mesenchymal to epithelial transition, as the percentage of CD44-positve cells was reduced, and levels of E-cadherin (epithelial marker) were elevated. Our study demonstrates that a subpopulation of chemotherapeutics-treated colon cancer cells display a specific phenotype being a combination of stem-like and senescent cell features. This may contribute to their resistance to chemotherapy and their ability to re-grow cancer after completion of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Was
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland.,d Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , Military Institute of Medicine , Szaserów 128 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - J Czarnecka
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - A Kominek
- b Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - K Barszcz
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - T Bernas
- c Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - K Piwocka
- b Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
| | - B Kaminska
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pasteur 3 street, Warsaw , Poland
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Synthesis and evaluation of bile acid amides of
$$\alpha $$
α
-cyanostilbenes as anticancer agents. Mol Divers 2017; 22:305-321. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Yan W, Bai Z, Wang J, Li X, Chi B, Chen X. ANP32A modulates cell growth by regulating p38 and Akt activity in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1605-1612. [PMID: 28731192 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) possesses multiple biochemical activities, has been found to be decreased or absent in malignant tumors. However, new findings have shown that it is expressed in greater amounts in advanced cancers than in early-stage tumors. The role and clinical significance of ANP32A in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unknown. In the present study, the expression of ANP32A was assessed in 68 CRC patients by IHC, and then the correlation of its expression with clinicopathological factors was investigated using the Allred, Klein and immune response scoring system analysis. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses were used to assess ANP32A expression and the activity of Akt and p38 in cancer and normal tissues. These data indicated a significant association between ANP32A expression and the activity of Akt and p38, besides the tumor differentiation status in CRC patients. IHC and western blotting data revealed that ANP32A was overexpressed in CRC patients, and ANP32A levels were higher in poorly differentiated tumors. Protein and mRNA analysis revealed that with a high expression of ANP32A, the activation of Akt was enhanced, while the p-38 phosphorylation level was decreased in CRC tissues. MTT assay and functional studies revealed that knockdown of ANP32A inhibited cell growth and induced p38 phosphorylation and Akt dephosphorylation. The present study indicated that ANP32A promoted CRC proliferation by inhibition of p38 and activation of Akt signaling pathways and suggested that ANP32A may play a potential role in CRC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Zhun Bai
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital XiangYa Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xumei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Bixia Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
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Verduin M, Zindler JD, Martinussen HMA, Jansen RLH, Croes S, Hendriks LEL, Eekers DBP, Hoeben A. Use of Systemic Therapy Concurrent With Cranial Radiotherapy for Cerebral Metastases of Solid Tumors. Oncologist 2017; 22:222-235. [PMID: 28167569 PMCID: PMC5330699 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases of solid tumors is increasing. Local treatment of brain metastases is generally straightforward: cranial radiotherapy (e.g., whole-brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery) or resection when feasible. However, treatment becomes more complex when brain metastases occur while other metastases, outside of the central nervous system, are being controlled with systemic therapy (chemotherapeutics, molecular targeted agents, or monoclonal antibodies). It is known that some anticancer agents can increase the risk for neurotoxicity when used concurrently with radiotherapy. Increased neurotoxicity decreases quality of life, which is undesirable in this predominantly palliative patient group. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify the compounds that should be temporarily discontinued when cranial radiotherapy is needed.This review summarizes the (neuro)toxicity data for combining systemic therapy (chemotherapeutics, molecular targeted agents, or monoclonal antibodies) with concurrent radiotherapy of brain metastases. Because only a limited amount of high-level data has been published, a risk assessment of each agent was done, taking into account the characteristics of each compound (e.g., lipophilicity) and the microenvironment of brain metastasis. The available trials suggest that only gemcitabine, erlotinib, and vemurafenib induce significant neurotoxicity when used concurrently with cranial radiotherapy. We conclude that for most systemic therapies, the currently available literature does not show an increase in neurotoxicity when these therapies are used concurrently with cranial radiotherapy. However, further studies are needed to confirm safety because there is no high-level evidence to permit definitive conclusions. The Oncologist 2017;22:222-235Implications for Practice: The treatment of symptomatic brain metastases diagnosed while patients are receiving systemic therapy continues to pose a dilemma to clinicians. Will concurrent treatment with cranial radiotherapy and systemic therapy (chemotherapeutics, molecular targeted agents, and monoclonal antibodies), used to control intra- and extracranial tumor load, increase the risk for neurotoxicity? This review addresses this clinically relevant question and evaluates the toxicity of combining systemic therapies with cranial radiotherapy, based on currently available literature, in order to determine the need to and interval to interrupt systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Verduin
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D Zindler
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke M A Martinussen
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob L H Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Croes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, CAPHRI-School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lizza E L Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle B P Eekers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Hoeben
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ye M, Huang T, Li J, Zhou C, Yang P, Ni C, Chen S. Role of CDH13 promoter methylation in the carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer: A systematic meta-analysis under PRISMA guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5956. [PMID: 28121942 PMCID: PMC5287966 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H-cadherin (CDH13) is commonly downregulated through promoter methylation in various cancers. However, the role of CDH13 promoter methylation status in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be clarified. METHODS Eligible articles were identified from online electronic database based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS Eventually, a total of nine studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 488 CRC, 298 adjacent, 144 normal, 68 premalignant tissues. The results demonstrated that CDH13 promoter methylation was notably higher in CRC than in normal, adjacent, and premalignant tissues (cancer tissues vs normal tissues: OR = 16.94, P < 0.001; cancer tissues vs adjacent tissues: OR = 20.06, P < 0.001; cancer tissues vs premalignant tissues: OR = 2.23, P = 0.038). CDH13 promoter methylation had a significantly increased risk for poorly differentiated CRC (OR = 4.07, P = 0.001). CDH13 promoter methylation was not associated with sex status, tumor stage, and lymph node status (all P > 0.05). One study with 85 CRC patients reported that CDH13 promoter methylation was correlated with poor prognosis in overall survival (OS). CONCLUSIONS CDH13 promoter methylation may play an important role in the initiation and progression of CRC, and may be correlated with OS of patients with CRC. Additional studies with large sample sizes are needed to further confirm our findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Tao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ni
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
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A Cost Comparison of Biologic Treatment Regimens for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Italy. GLOBAL & REGIONAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5301/grhta.5000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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29
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Matthaios D, Balgkouranidou I, Karayiannakis A, Bolanaki H, Xenidis N, Amarantidis K, Chelis L, Romanidis K, Chatzaki A, Lianidou E, Trypsianis G, Kakolyris S. Methylation status of the APC and RASSF1A promoter in cell-free circulating DNA and its prognostic role in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:748-756. [PMID: 27347211 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most frequent epigenetic alteration. Using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), the methylation status of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) genes was examined in cell-free circulating DNA from 155 plasma samples obtained from patients with early and advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). APC and RASSF1A hypermethylation was frequently observed in both early and advanced disease, and was significantly associated with a poorer disease outcome. The methylation status of the APC and RASSF1A promoters was investigated in cell-free DNA of patients with CRC. Using MSP, the promoter methylation status of APC and RASSF1A was examined in 155 blood samples obtained from patients with CRC, 88 of whom had operable CRC (oCRC) and 67 had metastatic CRC (mCRC). The frequency of APC methylation in patients with oCRC was 33%. Methylated APC promoter was significantly associated with older age (P=0.012), higher stage (P=0.014) and methylated RASSF1A status (P=0.050). The frequency of APC methylation in patients with mCRC was 53.7%. In these patients, APC methylation was significantly associated with methylated RASSF1A status (P=0.016). The frequency of RASSF1A methylation in patients with oCRC was 25%. Methylated RASSF1A in oCRC was significantly associated with higher stage (P=0.021). The frequency of RASSF1A methylation in mCRC was 44.8%. Methylated RASSF1A in mCRC was associated with moderate differentiation (P=0.012), high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (P=0.023) and methylated APC status (P=0.016). Patients with an unmethylated APC gene had better survival in both early (81±5 vs. 27±4 months, P<0.001) and advanced disease (37±7 vs. 15±3 months, P<0.001), compared with patients with methylated APC. Patients with an unmethylated RASSF1A gene had better survival in both early (71±6 vs. 46±8 months, P<0.001) and advanced disease (28±4 vs. 16±3 months, P<0.001) than patients with methylated RASSF1A. The observed significant correlations between APC and RASSF1A promoter methylation status and survival may be indicative of a prognostic role for these genes in CRC, which requires additional testing in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Matthaios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Ioanna Balgkouranidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Anastasios Karayiannakis
- Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Helen Bolanaki
- Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Xenidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Amarantidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Leonidas Chelis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Romanidis
- Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Grigorios Trypsianis
- Laboratory of Statistics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kakolyris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
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Xavier CP, Pereira-Wilson C. Medicinal plants of the genuses Salvia and Hypericum are sources of anticolon cancer compounds: Effects on PI3K/Akt and MAP kinases pathways. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Qin X, Wang X, Liu F, White E, Zheng XFS. PP2AC Level Determines Differential Programming of p38-TSC-mTOR Signaling and Therapeutic Response to p38-Targeted Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1944-56. [PMID: 26844273 PMCID: PMC4703732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAP kinase is a promising cancer drug target but its therapeutic effect is not fully understood. Here we report that the response of colorectal cancer (CRC) to p38 inhibitors (p38i) is highly variable: while p38i induces regression of one subgroup of CRCs, it stimulates growth of another subgroup. We further show that PP2AC is differentially expressed in the two different CRC subgroups, which determines the programing of p38-TSC-mTORC1 signaling through differential TSC2 phosphorylation at S664, 1254 and 1798, and the antitumor activity by p38i. Remarkably, modulation of PP2AC level is sufficient to reprogram p38-to-mTORC1 signaling and antitumor response. PP2AC expression accurately predicts therapeutic response to p38i in several CRC models, including a large cohort of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Moreover, we demonstrate that combination of p38 and mTOR kinase inhibitors effectively overcomes resistance to either inhibitor in single agent therapy. These results demonstrate that alternative routing of signal transduction underlies differential response to p38 and mTOR targeted therapies. The biomarker-guided therapeutic strategies described herein provide a compelling reason for testing in metastatic CRC patients who suffer very poor prognosis due to lack of efficacious drug therapies. p38i has anticancer or cancer-promoting effects in two distinct subgroups of CRCs Differential programing in p38-mTORC1 signaling determines therapeutic response PP2AC expression level programs p38-to-mTOR signaling. Combination of mTOR and p38 kinase inhibitors overcomes drug-resistance to single agent therapy. PP2AC predicts therapeutic response in a large cohort of CRC PDX models.
This study investigates the efficacy and mechanism of a class of developmental anti-inflammatory drugs called p38i in colorectal cancer. p38i profoundly inhibits tumors with low PP2AC, but promotes tumors with high PP2AC. The different treatment outcomes are due to that PP2AC level determines how p38i affects the activity of mTOR, another cancer drug target. Combination of p38i and mTOR inhibitors effectively overcomes resistance to single agent therapies. This study identifies PP2AC as a predictive biomarker and treatment strategies to guide p38-targeted therapy for colorectal cancer patients, especially those with metastatic cancer harboring K-RAS mutations who suffer very poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Qin
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - X F Steven Zheng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Exploring Different Strategies for Efficient Delivery of Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26936-52. [PMID: 26569228 PMCID: PMC4661854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world. Currently available chemotherapy of CRC usually delivers the drug to both normal as well as cancerous tissues, thus leading to numerous undesirable effects. Much emphasis is being laid on the development of effective drug delivery systems for achieving selective delivery of the active moiety at the anticipated site of action with minimized unwanted side effects. Researchers have employed various techniques (dependent on pH, time, pressure and/or bacteria) for targeting drugs directly to the colonic region. On the other hand, systemic drug delivery strategies to specific molecular targets (such as FGFR, EGFR, CD44, EpCAM, CA IX, PPARγ and COX-2) overexpressed by cancerous cells have also been shown to be effective. This review aims to put forth an overview of drug delivery technologies that have been, and may be developed, for the treatment of CRC.
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Jenab-Wolcott J, Giantonio BJ. Antiangiogenic therapy in colorectal cancer: where are we 5 years later? Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015; 9 Suppl 1:S7-15. [PMID: 20630853 DOI: 10.3816/ccc.2010.s.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The past 5 years mark a watershed period in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). During this time, results from several clinical trials proved that targeting tumor-mediated angiogenesis improves overall survival for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) when used in combination with first-line and second-line chemotherapy regimens, data that do not simply serve as "proof of principle" for antiangiogenic therapy but that will drive much of the research agenda in CRC for the coming years. Despite the demonstrated gains in survival when antiangiogenic therapy is used for patients with metastatic disease, however, results from the first trial to test the addition of bevacizumab to adjuvant chemotherapy have been disappointing. The expense of agents in the targeted therapy category has been the cause of much discussion on their appropriate use and puts particular emphasis on the need for suitable markers that will allow for the appropriate selection of patients. Although antiangiogenic therapy has demonstrated clear benefit in the treatment of patients with mCRC, limitations in efficacy, duration of therapy, role of maintenance therapy, potential toxicities, and predictive markers for optimal patient selection are subjects of ongoing research. Herein, we present a review of the recent advances in antiangiogenic therapy in CRC and provide insights into several promising upcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenia Jenab-Wolcott
- Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Seignez C, Martin A, Rollet CE, Racoeur C, Scagliarini A, Jeannin JF, Bettaieb A, Paul C. Senescence of tumor cells induced by oxaliplatin increases the efficiency of a lipid A immunotherapy via the recruitment of neutrophils. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11442-51. [PMID: 25347345 PMCID: PMC4294335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of advanced colorectal cancer is challenging due to the lack of efficient therapy. The lipid A, OM-174 exhibited antitumor activity in colorectal cancer. We explored the anticancer efficacy of this compound in rats bearing large colorectal tumors in combination with the platinum derivative drugs oxaliplatin and cisplatin. While each drug used alone exhibited partial antitumor activity, sequential treatment with oxaliplatin or cisplatin for one week followed by lipid A injections induced a great regression of colorectal tumors, with more than 95% of rats cured from their tumors. This potent antitumor efficacy of the combined treatments was correlated to the sequential induction of cellular senescence by oxaliplatin, and of apoptosis, mainly triggered by the lipid A. Moreover, a recruitment of tumor-associated neutrophils with N1 phenotype as attested by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was observed with combination of oxaliplatin and lipid A. Neutrophil recruitment within tumor microenvironment was due to oxaliplatin and lipid A-dependent release of neutrophil specific chemoattractants such as cxcl1 and 2. However the N1 phenotype is only dependent of lipid A treatment. These results suggest that the combination of chemotherapy with an immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Seignez
- EPHE Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, EA7269 EPHE-University of burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Amandine Martin
- EPHE Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, EA7269 EPHE-University of burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Claire-Emmanuelle Rollet
- EPHE Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, EA7269 EPHE-University of burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Cindy Racoeur
- EPHE Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, EA7269 EPHE-University of burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- EPHE Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, EA7269 EPHE-University of burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Jean-François Jeannin
- EPHE Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, EA7269 EPHE-University of burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- EPHE Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, EA7269 EPHE-University of burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- EPHE Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, EA7269 EPHE-University of burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
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Miar A, Hevia D, Muñoz-Cimadevilla H, Astudillo A, Velasco J, Sainz RM, Mayo JC. Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2/MnSOD)/catalase and SOD2/GPx1 ratios as biomarkers for tumor progression and metastasis in prostate, colon, and lung cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:45-55. [PMID: 25866291 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD2/MnSOD) during tumor progression has been studied for several decades with controversial results. While SOD2 downregulation was initially associated with tumor initiation and was proposed as a tumor suppressor gene, recent studies have reported that SOD2 might favor tumor progression and dissemination. To our knowledge this is the first time that changes in SOD2 expression in three different types of tumors, i.e., prostate, lung, and colon cancer, are studied by analyzing both SOD2 mRNA and protein levels in a total of 246 patients' samples. In prostate samples, SOD2 protein levels were also increased, especially in middle stage tumors. In the case of colon and lung tumors both mRNA and protein SOD2 levels were increased in malignant tissues compared to those in nontumor samples. More importantly, all metastases analyzed showed increased levels of SOD2 when compared to those of normal primary tissue and healthy adjacent tissue. Together, these results suggest that a common redox imbalance in these three types of tumor occurs at intermediate stages which then might favor migration and invasion, leading to a more aggressive cancer type. Consequently, the ratios SOD2/catalase and SOD2/Gpx1 could be considered as potential markers during progression from tumor growth to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Miar
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, University of Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, University of Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Henar Muñoz-Cimadevilla
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, University of Oviedo, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Velasco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de San Agustin, Aviles, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, University of Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, University of Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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Ahmed M, Hussain AR, Siraj AK, Uddin S, Al-Sanea N, Al-Dayel F, Al-Assiri M, Beg S, Al-Kuraya KS. Co-targeting of Cyclooxygenase-2 and FoxM1 is a viable strategy in inducing anticancer effects in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:131. [PMID: 26159723 PMCID: PMC4861127 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cross-talk between deregulated signaling pathways in cancer cells causes uncontrolled growth and proliferation. These cancers cells become more aggressive and quickly develop resistance to therapy. Therefore targeting of these deregulated pathways simultaneously can result in efficient cell death of cancer cells. In this study we investigated co-expression of Cox-2 and FoxM1 in a cohort of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) samples and also examined whether inhibition of Cox-2 and FoxM1 simultaneously can lead to inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines and in vivo xenografts. Methods Protein expression of Cox-2 and FoxM1 was determined in a large cohort of 770 clinical CRC samples in a tissue micro-array format by immunohistochemistry. Cell death was measured using live dead assay. Apoptosis was measured by annexin V/PI dual staining. Immunoblotting was performed to examine the expression of proteins. Calcusyn software was utilized to estimate the synergistic doses using chou and Talalay method. Results Co-expression of Cox-2 and FoxM1 was detected in 33.3 % (232/697) of CRC’s and associated with an aggressive phenotype characterized by younger age (p = 0.0191), high proliferative index marker; Ki-67 (p = 0.004) and MMP-9 (p = 0.0116) as well as activation of AKT (p = 0.0214). In vitro, inhibition of FoxM1 and Cox-2 with pharmacological inhibitors; Thiostrepton and NS398 resulted in efficient down-regulation of FoxM1 and Cox-2 expression along with in-activation of AKT and inhibition of colony formation, invasion and migratory capability of CRC cells. In addition, there was also inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in CRC cell lines. Finally, treatment of CRC xenograft tumors in nude mice with combination of Cox-2 and FoxM1 inhibitors inhibited tumor growth significantly via down-regulation of Cox-2 and FoxM1 expression. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that co-expression of Cox-2 and FoxM1 might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of CRC. Therefore, targeting of these pathways simultaneously with sub toxic doses of pharmacological inhibitors can be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of this subset of CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0406-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqbool Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azhar R Hussain
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasser Al-Sanea
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Shaham Beg
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Steinbach C, Steinbrücker C, Pollok S, Walther K, Clement JH, Chen Y, Petersen I, Cialla-May D, Weber K, Popp J. KRAS mutation screening by chip-based DNA hybridization--a further step towards personalized oncology. Analyst 2015; 140:2747-54. [PMID: 25706807 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of predictive biomarkers can help to improve therapeutic options for the individual cancer patient. For the treatment of colon cancer patients with anti-EGFR-based drugs, the KRAS mutation status has to be determined to pre-select responders that will benefit from this medication. Amongst others, array-based tests have been established for profiling of the KRAS mutation status. Within this article we describe an on-chip hybridization technique to screen therapeutic relevant KRAS codon 12 mutations. The DNA chip-based platform enables the reliable discrimination of selected mutations by allele-specific hybridization. Here, silver deposits represent robust endpoint signals that allow for a simple naked eye rating. With the here presented assay concept a precise identification of heterozygous and homozygous KRAS mutations, even against a background of up to 95% wild-type DNA, was realizable. The applicability of the test was successfully proven for various cancer cell lines as well as clinical tumour samples. Thus, the chip-based DNA hybridization technique seems to be a promising tool for KRAS mutation analysis to further improve personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Steinbach
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Altun A, Turgut NH, Kaya TT. Anticancer effect of COX-2 inhibitor DuP-697 alone and in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (E7080) on colon cancer cell lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:3113-21. [PMID: 24815456 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.7.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common types of cancer and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects of DuP-697, an irreversible selective inhibitor of COX- 2 on colorectal cancer cells alone and in combination with a promising new multi-targeted kinase inhibitor E7080. The HT29 colorectal cancer cell line was used. Real time cell analysis (xCELLigence system) was conducted to determine effects on colorectal cell proliferation, angiogenesis was assessed with a chorioallantoic membrane model and apoptosis was determined with annexin V staining. We found that DuP-697 alone exerted antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells. For the antiproliferative effect the half maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) was 4.28?10-8 mol/L. Antiangiogenic scores were 1.2, 0.8 and 0.5 for 100, 10 and 1 nmol/L DuP-697 concentrations, respectively. We detected apoptosis in 52% of HT29 colorectal cancer cells after administration of 100 nmol/L DuP-697. Also in combination with the thyrosine kinase inhibitor E7080 strong antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells were observed. This study indicates that DuP-697 may be a promising agent in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Additionally the increased effects observed in the combination with thyrosine kinase inhibitor give the possibility to use lower doses of DuP-697 and E7080 which can avoid and/or minimize side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Altun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey E-mail :
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Autonomous inhibition of apoptosis correlates with responsiveness of colon carcinoma cell lines to ciglitazone. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114158. [PMID: 25502518 PMCID: PMC4263530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Resistance to therapy is common and often results in patients succumbing to the disease. The mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood. Cells basically have two possibilities to survive a treatment with potentially apoptosis-inducing substances. They can make use of their existing proteins to counteract the induced reactions or quickly upregulate protective factors to evade the apoptotic signal. To identify protein patterns involved in resistance to apoptosis, we studied two colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines with different growth responses to low-molar concentrations of the thiazolidinedione Ciglitazone: HT29 cells underwent apoptosis, whereas SW480 cells increased cell number. Fluorescence detection and autoradiography scans of 2D-PAGE gels were performed in both cell lines to assess protein synthesis and turnover, respectively. To verify the data we performed shotgun analysis using the same treatment procedure as in 2D-experiments. Biological functions of the identified proteins were mainly associated with apoptosis regulation, chaperoning, intrinsic inflammation, and DNA repair. The present study suggests that different growth response of two colorectal carcinoma cell lines after treatment with Ciglitazone results from cell-specific protein synthesis and differences in protein regulation.
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CXCL13-CXCR5 axis promotes the growth and invasion of colon cancer cells via PI3K/AKT pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 400:287-95. [PMID: 25476740 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CXCL13, an inflammatory factor in the microenvironment, plays a vital role in the progression of inflammatory diseases and tumors. CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis of advanced colon cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis in colon cancer remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CXCR5-CXCL13 axis in the growth and invasion of colon cancer cells. Our results showed that CXCL13 promoted the growth, migration, and matrigel invasion of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, CXCL13 increased the expression and secretion of MMP-13, and stimulated the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. After knockdown of CXCR5 by siRNA, the biological functions of colon cancer cells regulated by CXCL13 were significantly inhibited. In addition, inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway by specific inhibitor LY294002 suppressed the CXCL13-mediated growth, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells. Together, our findings suggest that CXCL13-CXCR5 axis promotes the growth, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells, probably via PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, CXCL13 may be a useful biomarker for the detection and treatment of colon cancer.
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Xue JY, Zhou GX, Chen T, Gao S, Choi MY, Wong YS. Desacetyluvaricin induces S phase arrest in SW480 colorectal cancer cells through superoxide overproduction. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:464-75. [PMID: 24591255 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a group of fatty acid-derivatives with potent anticancer effects. In the present study, we found desacetyluvaricin (Dau) exhibited notable in vitro antiproliferative effect on SW480 human colorectal carcinoma cells with IC50 value of 14 nM. The studies on the underlying mechanisms revealed that Dau inhibited the cancer cell growth through induction of S phase cell cycle arrest from 11.3% (control) to 33.2% (160 nM Dau), which was evidenced by the decreased protein expression of cyclin A Overproduction of superoxide, intracellular DNA damage, and inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling pathway, were also found involved in cells exposed to Dau. Moreover, pre-treatment of the cells with ascorbic acid significantly prevented the Dau-induced overproduction of superoxide, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our results suggest that Dau induces S phase arrest in cancer cells by firstly superoxide overproduction and subsequently the involvement of various signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Xue
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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Casadó A, Sagristá ML, Mora M. Formulation and In Vitro Characterization of Thermosensitive Liposomes for the Delivery of Irinotecan. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3127-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kozovska Z, Gabrisova V, Kucerova L. Colon cancer: Cancer stem cells markers, drug resistance and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:911-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Brossard D, Lechevrel M, El Kihel L, Quesnelle C, Khalid M, Moslemi S, Reimund JM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bile carboxamide derivatives with pro-apoptotic effect on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:279-90. [PMID: 25173827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the cinnamylpiperazinyl group in the side chain of the chenodeoxycholic acid showed apoptosis-inducing activity on multiple myeloma cancer cell line KMS-11. In the present study, we synthesized and tested the pro-apoptotic potency of fifteen new piperazinyl bile carboxamide derived from cholic, ursodeoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines DLD-1, HCT-116, and HT-29. Cell viability was first measured using XTT assay. The most of the synthetic bile carboxamide derivatives decreased significantly cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. HCT-116 and DLD-1 cell lines were more sensitive than HT-29 to tested compounds. 9c, 9d showed the best in vitro results in term of solubility and dose-response effect on the three colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Additionally, flow cytometric and Western-blotting analysis showed that 9c induced pro-apoptosis in DLD-1 and HCT-116 whereas 9d did not. We conclude that the benzyl group improved anti-proliferative activity and that the α-hydroxyl group was found to be more beneficial at the 7-position in steroid skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Brossard
- Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), CNRS INC3M - SFR ICORE 146, Bd Becquerel, F-14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire Microenvironnement Cellulaire et Pathologies (MILPAT, EA 4652), SFR ICORE 146, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Laïla El Kihel
- Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), CNRS INC3M - SFR ICORE 146, Bd Becquerel, F-14032 Caen Cedex, France.
| | - Céline Quesnelle
- Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire Microenvironnement Cellulaire et Pathologies (MILPAT, EA 4652), SFR ICORE 146, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Khalid
- Université Hassan Premier, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Km 3, Route de Casablanca, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Safa Moslemi
- Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire Microenvironnement Cellulaire et Pathologies (MILPAT, EA 4652), SFR ICORE 146, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marie Reimund
- Université de Caen/Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire Microenvironnement Cellulaire et Pathologies (MILPAT, EA 4652), SFR ICORE 146, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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Shanmugam V, Ramanathan RK, Lavender NA, Sinari S, Chadha M, Liang WS, Kurdoglu A, Izatt T, Christoforides A, Benson H, Phillips L, Baker A, Murray C, Hostetter G, Von Hoff DD, Craig DW, Carpten JD. Whole genome sequencing reveals potential targets for therapy in patients with refractory KRAS mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2014; 7:36. [PMID: 24943349 PMCID: PMC4074842 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) following first line therapy is poor, with median survival of less than one year. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate therapeutically targetable somatic events in mCRC patient samples by whole genome sequencing (WGS), so as to obtain targeted treatment strategies for individual patients. Methods Four patients were recruited, all of whom had received > 2 prior therapy regimens. Percutaneous needle biopsies of metastases were performed with whole blood collection for the extraction of constitutional DNA. One tumor was not included in this study as the quality of tumor tissue was not sufficient for further analysis. WGS was performed using Illumina paired end chemistry on HiSeq2000 sequencing systems, which yielded coverage of greater than 30X for all samples. NGS data were processed and analyzed to detect somatic genomic alterations including point mutations, indels, copy number alterations, translocations and rearrangements. Results All 3 tumor samples had KRAS mutations, while 2 tumors contained mutations in the APC gene and the PIK3CA gene. Although we did not identify a TCF7L2-VTI1A translocation, we did detect a TCF7L2 mutation in one tumor. Among the other interesting mutated genes was INPPL1, an important gene involved in PI3 kinase signaling. Functional studies demonstrated that inhibition of INPPL1 reduced growth of CRC cells, suggesting that INPPL1 may promote growth in CRC. Conclusions Our study further supports potential molecularly defined therapeutic contexts that might provide insights into treatment strategies for refractory mCRC. New insights into the role of INPPL1 in colon tumor cell growth have also been identified. Continued development of appropriate targeted agents towards specific events may be warranted to help improve outcomes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John D Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Leto SM, Trusolino L. Primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in colorectal cancer: impact on future treatment strategies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:709-22. [PMID: 24811491 PMCID: PMC4055851 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Only approximately 10 % of genetically unselected patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer experience tumor regression when treated with the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies cetuximab or panitumumab (“primary” or “de novo” resistance). Moreover, nearly all patients whose tumors initially respond inevitably become refractory (“secondary” or “acquired” resistance). An ever-increasing number of predictors of both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies have been described, and it is now evident that most of the underlying mechanisms significantly overlap. By trying to extrapolate a unifying perspective out of many idiosyncratic details, here, we discuss the molecular underpinnings of therapeutic resistance, summarize research efforts aimed to improve patient selection, and present alternative therapeutic strategies that are now under development to increase response and combat relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta M Leto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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Chen D, Wei L, Yu J, Zhang L. Regorafenib inhibits colorectal tumor growth through PUMA-mediated apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3472-84. [PMID: 24763611 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor targeting the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms of action of regorafenib in colorectal cancer cells have been unclear. We investigated how regorafenib suppresses colorectal cancer cell growth and potentiates effects of other chemotherapeutic drugs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We determined whether and how regorafenib induces the expression of PUMA, a p53 target and a critical mediator of apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. We also investigated whether PUMA is necessary for the killing and chemosensitization effects of regorafenib in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, xenograft tumors were used to test if PUMA mediates the in vivo antitumor, antiangiogenic, and chemosensitization effects of regorafenib. RESULTS We found that regorafenib treatment induces PUMA in colorectal cancer cells irrespective of p53 status through the NF-κB pathway following ERK inhibition and glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation. Upregulation of PUMA is correlated with apoptosis induction in different colorectal cancer cell lines. PUMA is necessary for regorafenib-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Chemosensitization by regorafenib is mediated by enhanced PUMA induction through different pathways. Furthermore, deficiency in PUMA abrogates the in vivo antitumor, antiangiogenic, and chemosensitization effects of regorafenib. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a key role of PUMA in mediating the anticancer effects of regorafenib in colorectal cancer cells. They suggest that PUMA induction can be used as an indicator of regorafenib sensitivity, and also provide a rationale for manipulating the apoptotic machinery to improve the therapeutic efficacy of regorafenib and other targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshi Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
| | - Liang Wei
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lin Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
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Li Y, Zhao H, Duan LR, Li H, Yang Q, Tu HH, Cao W, Wang SW. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of bufalin liposomes coated with citrus pectin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rautenberg T, Siebert U, Arnold D, Bennouna J, Kubicka S, Walzer S, Ngoh C. Economic outcomes of sequences which include monoclonal antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor and/or epidermal growth factor receptor for the treatment of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Med Econ 2014; 17:99-110. [PMID: 24215550 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2013.864973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with unresectable, metastatic colorectal cancer with wild type Kirsten ras mutational status are eligible for sequential treatments which include monoclonal antibodies as first line (1L), second line (2L), or third line (3L) regimens. OBJECTIVE To compare the economic outcomes of different sequences which include monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS Individual drug regimens for 1L, 2L, and 3L treatments were compiled according to the clinical studies in the Summary of Product Characteristics for monoclonal antibodies. They were combined into plausible treatment sequences. Health outcomes were approximated using additive median PFS benefit, and economic outcomes were calculated with a treatment sequencing costing tool. Limitations of the analysis include the clinical trial data sources, cost assumptions, and the additive PFS approach. RESULTS Seventeen sequences were evaluated. Results of the analysis show that sequences including 1L anti-EGFRs generally have relatively low-to-medium health outcomes at the highest comparative sequence costs compared to sequences including 2L anti-EGFRs, which have lower health outcomes at the lowest cost. Sequences including 3L anti-EGFRs (sequential bevazicumab-based 1L and 2L) have the highest health outcomes, with potential cost savings of €5972-€11,676 if replacing 2L anti-EGFRs or an additional cost of €5909-€12,708 if replacing 1L anti-EGFR regimens. CONCLUSION Clinical sequences consisting of 1L and 2L line bevacizumab followed by 3L anti-EGFR potentially yield the greatest health outcomes associated with a reasonable trade-off in additional cost when replacing 1L anti-EGFRs and are potentially cost-saving if replacing 2L anti-EGFRs, per patient per lifetime. To maximize health outcomes, optimal sequences include anti-EGFRs as 3L regimen, with an approximately equivalent trade-off in costs between the most costly (anti-EGFR 2L) and least costly (anti-EGFR 1L) sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rautenberg
- Assessment In Medicine GmbH, Lörrach, Germany, and Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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Pancione M, Giordano G, Remo A, Febbraro A, Sabatino L, Manfrin E, Ceccarelli M, Colantuoni V. Immune escape mechanisms in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and liver metastasis. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:686879. [PMID: 24741617 PMCID: PMC3987978 DOI: 10.1155/2014/686879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, growing evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes with genomic/epigenomic aberrations of malignant cells to enhance cancer cells survival, invasion, and dissemination. Many factors, produced or de novo synthesized by immune, stromal, or malignant cells, acting in a paracrine and autocrine fashion, remodel TME and the adaptive immune response culminating in metastasis. Taking into account the recent accomplishments in the field of immune oncology and using metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as a model, we propose that the evasion of the immune surveillance and metastatic spread can be achieved through a number of mechanisms that include (a) intrinsic plasticity and adaptability of immune and malignant cells to paracrine and autocrine stimuli or genotoxic stresses; (b) alteration of positional schemes of myeloid-lineage cells, produced by factors controlling the balance between tumour-suppressing and tumour-promoting activities; (c) acquisition by cancer cells of aberrant immune-phenotypic traits (NT5E/CD73, CD68, and CD163) that enhance the interactions among TME components through the production of immune-suppressive mediators. These properties may represent the driving force of metastatic progression and thus clinically exploitable for cancer prevention and therapy. In this review we summarize results and suggest new hypotheses that favour the growing impact of tumor-infiltrating immune cells on tumour progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pancione
- 1Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- *Massimo Pancione: and
| | - Guido Giordano
- 2Medical Oncology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Andrea Remo
- 3Department of Pathology “Mater Salutis” Hospital, 37045 Legnago (VR), Italy
| | - Antonio Febbraro
- 2Medical Oncology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- 1Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Erminia Manfrin
- 4Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- 1Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- 5Bioinformatics Lab, BIOGEM scrl, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- 1Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- *Vittorio Colantuoni:
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