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Ai Y, Pan YL, Videen G, Wang C. Temperature Measurement of Trapped, Thermally Sensitive Single Particles in an Optical Trap Using Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:1300-1310. [PMID: 37710971 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231198878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Single particles trapped in an optical trap may experience temperature elevation, yet direct measurement of temperature and its distribution inside the optical trap of several to hundreds of microns in size remains a big challenge. We introduce a method that can measure the temperature inside a universal optical trap (UOT) using Raman spectroscopy of single trapped particles of high thermal conductivity. We measured temperature and temperature distributions inside the UOT using Raman shifts of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and micron-sized diamonds (MSDs), which are heated by trapping laser beams directly or indirectly, depending on the location of the particle in the trap. We show that the temperature at the center of the UOT is much lower than the temperature along the hollow beams that form a hollow, cage-shaped UOT. In the range of the trapping laser power of 200-2950 mW, the surface temperature of particles trapped at the center of a UOT changes from 322 K to 830 K, correspondingly. This result gives a heating rate as a high thermal-absorbing particle trapped in the center of the UOT with 18.3 ± 0.4 °C/100 mW. In addition, the temperature gradient outside the UOT was also characterized by trapping SWCNT particles outside the UOT. Results show that when a light-absorbing particle is trapped for the study of material property, phase transitions, surface equilibrium process, chemical reactions, etc., this method can be used to measure temperature distribution and its variations in the trap and its surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Ai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Yong-Le Pan
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | | | - Chuji Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
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2
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Doan-Nguyen TP, Crespy D. Advanced density-based methods for the characterization of materials, binding events, and kinetics. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8612-8651. [PMID: 36172819 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of the densities of chemicals and materials bring valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of matter and processes. Recently, advanced density-based methods have been developed with wide measurement ranges (i.e. 0-23 g cm-3), high resolutions (i.e. 10-6 g cm-3), compatibility with different types of samples and the requirement of extremely low volumes of sample (as low as a single cell). Certain methods, such as magnetic levitation, are inexpensive, portable and user-friendly. Advanced density-based methods are, therefore, beneficially used to obtain absolute density values, composition of mixtures, characteristics of binding events, and kinetics of chemical and biological processes. Herein, the principles and applications of magnetic levitation, acoustic levitation, electrodynamic balance, aqueous multiphase systems, and suspended microchannel resonators for materials science are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao P Doan-Nguyen
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
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3
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Cotterell MI, Knight JW, Reid JP, Orr-Ewing AJ. Accurate Measurement of the Optical Properties of Single Aerosol Particles Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2619-2631. [PMID: 35467353 PMCID: PMC9082593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New approaches for the sensitive and accurate quantification of aerosol optical properties are needed to improve the current understanding of the unique physical chemistry of airborne particles and to explore their roles in fields as diverse as chemical manufacturing, healthcare, and atmospheric science. We have pioneered the use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), with concurrent angularly resolved elastic light scattering measurements, to interrogate the optical properties of single aerosol particles levitated in optical and electrodynamic traps. This approach enables the robust quantification of optical properties such as extinction cross sections for individual particles of known size. Our measurements can now distinguish the scattering and absorption contributions to the overall light extinction, from which the real and imaginary components of the complex refractive indices can be retrieved and linked to chemical composition. In this Feature Article, we show that this innovative measurement platform enables accurate and precise optical measurements for spherical and nonspherical particles, whether nonabsorbing or absorbing at the CRDS probe wavelength. We discuss the current limitations of our approach and the key challenges in physical and atmospheric chemistry that can now be addressed by CRDS measurements for single aerosol particles levitated in controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Cotterell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - J. W. Knight
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - J. P. Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - A. J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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4
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Chang YP, Devi Y, Chen CH. Micro-droplet Trapping and Manipulation: Understanding Aerosol Better for a Healthier Environment. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1644-1660. [PMID: 33999498 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physicochemical properties and heterogeneous processes of aerosols is key not only to elucidate the impacts of aerosols on the atmosphere and humans but also to exploit their further applications, especially for a healthier environment. Experiments that allow for spatially control of single aerosol particles and investigations on the fundamental properties and heterogeneous chemistry at the single-particle level have flourished during the last few decades, and significant breakthroughs in recent years promise better control and novel applications aimed at resolving key issues in aerosol science. Here we propose graphene oxide (GO) aerosols as prototype aerosols containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and GO can behave as two-dimensional surfactants which could modify the interfacial properties of aerosols. We describe the techniques of trapping single particles and furthermore the current status of the optical spectroscopy and chemistry of GO. The current applications of these single-particle trapping techniques are summarized and interesting future applications of GO aerosols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yanita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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5
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Chang P, Gao X, Cai C, Ma J, Zhang Y. Effect of waiting time on the water transport kinetics of magnesium sulfate aerosol at gel-forming relative humidity using optical tweezers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117727. [PMID: 31718970 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the loss of water, the amorphous gel states in aqueous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) aerosol forms and results in nonequilibrium dynamics, owing to the extended time scales for diffusive mixing. The mass transfer resistance in MgSO4 aerosol droplets during evaporation or condensation is investigated using aerosol optical tweezers (AOTs) coupled with Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the kinetics of water transport during hydration and dehydration after different waiting time is studied. With the cyclic change of the relative humidity (RH) below gel-forming, the waiting time is varied to examine the effect of the duration of drying and humidifying on water transport kinetics during subsequent hydration and dehydration process. Apparent diffusion coefficients (Dap) of water molecules in the gel state after different waiting time are obtained. The results indicate that the duration of drying will affect water transport kinetics for subsequent humidifying process due to the different structure and composition in MgSO4 aerosol droplet at different ambient humidities. However, the duration of humidifying has little effect on water transport kinetics for subsequent drying process below gel-forming RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Chang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Chen Cai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiabi Ma
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- The Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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6
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Gong Z, Pan YL, Videen G, Wang C. Optical trapping-Raman spectroscopy (OT-RS) with embedded microscopy imaging for concurrent characterization and monitoring of physical and chemical properties of single particles. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1020:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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The temporal evolution process from fluorescence bleaching to clean Raman spectra of single solid particles optically trapped in air. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Kalume A, Beresnev LA, Santarpia J, Pan YL. Detection and characterization of chemical aerosol using laser-trapping single-particle Raman spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:6577-6582. [PMID: 29047948 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.006577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection and characterization of the presence of chemical agent aerosols in various complex atmospheric environments is an essential defense mission. Raman spectroscopy has the ability to identify chemical molecules, but there are limited numbers of photons detectable from single airborne aerosol particles as they are flowing through a detection system. In this paper, we report on a single-particle Raman spectrometer system that can measure strong spontaneous, stimulated, and resonance Raman spectral peaks from a single laser-trapped chemical aerosol particle, such as a droplet of the VX nerve agent chemical simulant diethyl phthalate. Using this system, time-resolved Raman spectra and elastic scattered intensities were recorded to monitor the chemical properties and size variation of the trapped particle. Such a system supplies a new approach for the detection and characterization of single airborne chemical aerosol particles.
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9
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Heylman KD, Knapper KA, Horak EH, Rea MT, Vanga SK, Goldsmith RH. Optical Microresonators for Sensing and Transduction: A Materials Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700037. [PMID: 28627118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical microresonators confine light to a particular microscale trajectory, are exquisitely sensitive to their microenvironment, and offer convenient readout of their optical properties. Taken together, this is an immensely attractive combination that makes optical microresonators highly effective as sensors and transducers. Meanwhile, advances in material science, fabrication techniques, and photonic sensing strategies endow optical microresonators with new functionalities, unique transduction mechanisms, and in some cases, unparalleled sensitivities. In this progress report, the operating principles of these sensors are reviewed, and different methods of signal transduction are evaluated. Examples are shown of how choice of materials must be suited to the analyte, and how innovations in fabrication and sensing are coupled together in a mutually reinforcing cycle. A tremendously broad range of capabilities of microresonator sensors is described, from electric and magnetic field sensing to mechanical sensing, from single-molecule detection to imaging and spectroscopy, from operation at high vacuum to in live cells. Emerging sensing capabilities are highlighted and put into context in the field. Future directions are imagined, where the diverse capabilities laid out are combined and advances in scalability and integration are implemented, leading to the creation of a sensor unparalleled in sensitivity and information content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Heylman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kassandra A Knapper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erik H Horak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Morgan T Rea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sudheer K Vanga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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10
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Haddrell AE, Miles REH, Bzdek BR, Reid JP, Hopkins RJ, Walker JS. Coalescence Sampling and Analysis of Aerosols using Aerosol Optical Tweezers. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2345-2352. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen E. Haddrell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bryan R. Bzdek
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Hopkins
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jim S. Walker
- Bristol Industrial and Research Associates Ltd (BIRAL), Unit 8 Harbour Road Trading Estate, Portishead, Bristol BS20 7BL, United Kingdom
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11
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Liu Z, Liu L, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Zhang X, Zhao E, Zhang Y, Yang J, Yuan L. Whispering gallery mode temperature sensor of liquid microresonastor. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4649-4652. [PMID: 28005858 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonance-based temperature sensor, where the microresonator is made of a DCM (2-[2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] ethenyl]-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)-doped oil droplet (a liquid material) immersed in the water solution. The oil droplet is trapped, controlled, and located by a dual-fiber optical tweezers, which prevents the deformation of the liquid droplet. We excite the fluorescence and lasing in the oil droplet and measure the shifts of the resonance wavelength at different temperatures. The results show that the resonance wavelength redshifts when the temperature increases. The testing sensitivity is 0.377 nm/°C in the temperature range 25°C-45°C. The results of the photobleaching testing of the dye indicate that measured errors can be reduced by reducing the measured time. As far as we know, this is the first time a WGM temperature sensor with a liquid state microcavity has been proposed. Compared with the solid microresonator, the utilization of the liquid microresonator improves the thermal sensitivity and provides the possibility of sensing in liquid samples or integrating into the chemical analyzers and microfluidic systems.
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12
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Hart MB, Sivaprakasam V, Eversole JD, Johnson LJ, Czege J. Optical measurements from single levitated particles using a linear electrodynamic quadrupole trap. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:F174-F181. [PMID: 26560606 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.00f174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have recently made advancements in a linear electrodynamic quadrupole (LEQ) device for capturing and levitating either single or multiple micro-particles that provides significant improvements in capture efficiency, reliability, and optical measurement access. We have used our LEQ to trap particles ranging from 30 to less than 0.5 μm in size and provide a controlled environment to study particle physical/chemical dependencies on temperature, relative humidity, and gas constituents. To demonstrate this approach, we present data and analysis of liquid-droplet evaporation rates for two materials: glycerol and dibutyl sebacate. Droplet size was monitored as a function of time by two independent optical methods: direct imaging and fixed-angle light scattering. This new approach provides a means to rapidly characterize a wide range of aerosol particle properties and a platform for development of new aerosol optical-diagnostic measurements.
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13
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Cotterell MI, Mason BJ, Preston TC, Orr-Ewing AJ, Reid JP. Optical extinction efficiency measurements on fine and accumulation mode aerosol using single particle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15843-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00252d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a new single aerosol particle approach using cavity ringdown spectroscopy to accurately determine optical extinction cross sections at multiple wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas C. Preston
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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14
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Cotterell MI, Mason BJ, Carruthers AE, Walker JS, Orr-Ewing AJ, Reid JP. Measurements of the evaporation and hygroscopic response of single fine-mode aerosol particles using a Bessel beam optical trap. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2118-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Karadag Y, Jonáš A, Kucukkara I, Kiraz A. Size stabilization of surface-supported liquid aerosols using tapered optical fiber coupling. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:793-795. [PMID: 23455301 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate long-term size stabilization of surface-supported liquid aerosols of salt-water. Single tapered optical fibers were used to couple the light from independent heating and probe lasers into individual microdroplets that were kept on a superhydrophobic surface in a high-humidity chamber. Size stabilization of microdroplets resulted from competition between resonant absorption of the infrared heating laser by a microdroplet whispering gallery mode and water condensation in the sample chamber. Microdroplet size was continuously monitored using the tunable red probe laser. Thanks to the narrow linewidth of the heating laser, stabilization of the 110 μm radius of a microdroplet with a precision down to 0.54 nm was achieved for a period of 410 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Karadag
- Department of Physics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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16
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17
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Peckhaus A, Grass S, Treuel L, Zellner R. Deliquescence and Efflorescence Behavior of Ternary Inorganic/Organic/Water Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6199-210. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211522t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Peckhaus
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Grass
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Lennart Treuel
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zellner
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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18
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Abstract
For more than two decades a cadre of physical chemists has focused on understanding the formation processes, chemical composition, and chemical kinetics of atmospheric aerosol particles and droplets with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to ∼10,000 nm. They have adapted or invented a range of fundamental experimental and theoretical tools to investigate the thermochemistry, mass transport, and chemical kinetics of processes occurring at nanoscale gas-liquid and gas-solid interfaces for a wide range of nonideal, real-world substances. State-of-the-art laboratory methods devised to study molecular spectroscopy, chemical kinetics, and molecular dynamics also have been incorporated into field measurement instruments that are deployed routinely on research aircraft, ships, and mobile laboratories as well as at field sites from megacities to the most remote jungle, desert, and polar locations. These instruments can now provide real-time, size-resolved aerosol particle physical property and chemical composition data anywhere in Earth's troposphere and lower stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
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19
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Miles REH, Walker JS, Burnham DR, Reid JP. Retrieval of the complex refractive index of aerosol droplets from optical tweezers measurements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3037-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Krieger UK, Marcolli C, Reid JP. Exploring the complexity of aerosol particle properties and processes using single particle techniques. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6631-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Treuel L, Sandmann A, Zellner R. Spatial Separation of Individual Substances in Effloresced Crystals of Ternary Ammonium Sulphate/Dicarboxylic Acid/Water Aerosols. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:1109-17. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Probing the Equilibrium Size and Hydrogen Bonding Structure in Aqueous Aerosol Droplets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.6147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Comparative measurements on two or more optically trapped aerosol droplets can allow the hygroscopic properties of aerosol to be investigated in exquisite detail. In this paper we consider two methods for assessing the dependence on relative humidity of the water activity and solute concentration in the condensed phase. We demonstrate in this paper that using a control droplet as a microprobe of relative humidity in the vicinity of a second droplet of interest can allow the RH to be determined with an accuracy of between 0.01 to 0.1 %. Not only is such a probe highly responsive, but the accuracy of the RH determination improves with increase in GF or RH, counter to the performance of macroscopic RH probes. We also demonstrate that spontaneous Raman scattering recorded from excitation of the OH stretching vibration in supersaturated solution droplets of sodium chloride shows the considerable perturbation induced by the chloride ion on the hydrogen bonding network. Chloride is recognised as a hydrogen bonding structure breaker and these observations are shown to be consistent with measurements on more dilute solutions.
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23
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Cherney DP, Harris JM. Confocal Raman microscopy of optical-trapped particles in liquids. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2010; 3:277-97. [PMID: 20636043 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-070109-103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The in situ analysis of small, dispersed particles in liquids is a challenging problem, the successful solution to which influences diverse applications of colloidal particles in materials science, synthetic chemistry, and molecular biology. Optical trapping of small particles with a tightly focused laser beam can be combined with confocal Raman microscopy to provide molecular structure information about individual, femtogram-sized particles in liquid samples. In this review, we consider the basic principles of combining optical trapping and confocal Raman spectroscopy, then survey the applications that have been developed through the combination of these techniques and their use in the analysis of particles dispersed in liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cherney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
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24
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Abstract
Aqueous evaporation and condensation kinetics are poorly understood, and uncertainties in their rates affect predictions of cloud behavior and therefore climate. We measured the cooling rate of 3 M ammonium sulfate droplets undergoing free evaporation via Raman thermometry. Analysis of the measurements yields a value of 0.58 +/- 0.05 for the evaporation coefficient, identical to that previously determined for pure water. These results imply that subsaturated aqueous ammonium sulfate, which is the most abundant inorganic component of atmospheric aerosol, does not affect the vapor-liquid exchange mechanism for cloud droplets, despite reducing the saturation vapor pressure of water significantly.
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25
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Zellner R, Behr P, Seisel S, Somnitz H, Treuel L. Chemistry and Microphysics of Atmospheric Aerosol Surfaces: Laboratory Techniques and Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2009.6051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A number of current techniques are presented by which the chemistry of interaction of selected gas phase species with atmospheric surfaces as well as the microphysical behaviour of such surfaces can be investigated. The techniques discussed include (i) the coated wall flow tube reactor, (ii) the Knudsen-cell / DRIFT spectroscopy, (iii) the surface aerosol microscopy and (iv) the molecular beam scattering technique. In each of these methods specific and robust information is deduced on the kinetics and thermodynamics of gas adsorption and reaction on surfaces. Specific examples include the adsorption of acetone on ice surfaces, the adsorption and reaction of SO2 on iron oxides, the hygroscopic and phase behaviour of binary and ternary salt solution droplets (ammonium sulphate and ammonium sulphate / dicarboxylic acids solutions) as well as on the dynamics of inelastic collisions of noble gases on super-cooled sulphuric acid surfaces. In addition we also show how quantum chemistry can be utilized to assist in interpreting absorption energies on structurally different ice surfaces. Whilst each example represents different aspects of heterogenous atmospheric interactions, they jointly represent significant progress in laboratory investigations of multi-phase atmospheric chemistry with substantial potential for application to other systems and/or problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Behr
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Essen, Deutschland
| | | | - Holger Somnitz
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Essen, Deutschland
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26
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Laurain AMC, Reid JP. Characterizing Internally Mixed Insoluble Organic Inclusions in Aqueous Aerosol Droplets and Their Influence on Light Absorption. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7039-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902248p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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27
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Sigurbjörnsson ÓF, Firanescu G, Signorell R. Intrinsic Particle Properties from Vibrational Spectra of Aerosols. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2009; 60:127-46. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.040808.090356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopy of aerosols is developing into an active and important field. It allows us to characterize aerosols in a nonintrusive way, in real time, and on site. Understanding the spectroscopic features of these highly complex systems requires the development of novel experimental as well as theoretical methods. This review focuses on infrared extinction spectra. The main goal is to summarize how information about intrinsic particle properties (such as size, shape, and architecture) can be gathered from observed spectroscopic patterns. We discuss the limitations of standard continuum approaches, which have been used for decades to analyze infrared spectra, and we demonstrate the importance of molecular models for the analysis of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Firanescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
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28
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Treuel L, Pederzani S, Zellner R. Deliquescence behaviour and crystallisation of ternary ammonium sulfate/dicarboxylic acid/water aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7976-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b905007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Hatch CD, Grassian VH. 10th Anniversary review: applications of analytical techniques in laboratory studies of the chemical and climatic impacts of mineral dust aerosol in the Earth's atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:919-34. [PMID: 18688461 DOI: 10.1039/b805153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that mineral dust particles can impact a number of global processes including the Earth's climate through direct and indirect climate forcing, the chemical composition of the atmosphere through heterogeneous reactions, and the biogeochemistry of the oceans through dust deposition. Thus, mineral dust aerosol links land, air, and oceans in unique ways unlike any other type of atmospheric aerosol. Quantitative knowledge of how mineral dust aerosol impacts the Earth's climate, the chemical balance of the atmosphere, and the biogeochemistry of the oceans will provide a better understanding of these links and connections and the overall impact on the Earth system. Advances in the applications of analytical laboratory techniques have been critical for providing valuable information regarding these global processes. In this mini review article, we discuss examples of current and emerging techniques used in laboratory studies of mineral dust chemistry and climate and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D Hatch
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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30
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Mitchem L, Reid JP. Optical manipulation and characterisation of aerosol particles using a single-beam gradient force optical trap. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:756-69. [PMID: 18362982 DOI: 10.1039/b609713h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of optical tweezers (a single-beam gradient force optical trap) to the manipulation and characterisation of aerosol particles is discussed in this tutorial review. Optical tweezers allow not only the indefinite control over a single droplet, but control over arrays of particles. Typical particle sizes span the 1-10 microm diameter range. When coupled with spectroscopic techniques for probing evolving particle size (with nanometre accuracy), composition, phase and mixing state, detailed investigations of the thermodynamic properties of aerosol, the kinetics of particle transformation, and the nature of interparticle forces and coagulation can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mitchem
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1TS
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31
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Zhao LJ, Wang F, Zhang K, Zeng QX, Zhang YH. Deliquescence and Efflorescence Processes of Aerosol Particles Studied byin situFTIR and Raman Spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/21/01/1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Butler JR, Mitchem L, Hanford KL, Treuel L, Reid JP. In situ comparative measurements of the properties of aerosol droplets of different chemical composition. Faraday Discuss 2008; 137:351-66; discussion 403-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b706770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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McGloin D, Burnham DR, Summers MD, Rudd D, Dewar N, Anand S. Optical manipulation of airborne particles: techniques and applications. Faraday Discuss 2008; 137:335-50; discussion 403-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b702153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Treuel L, Schulze S, Leisner T, Zellner R. Deliquescence behaviour of single levitated ternary salt/carboxylic acid/water microdroplets. Faraday Discuss 2008; 137:265-78; discussion 297-318. [DOI: 10.1039/b702651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Mansour HM, Hickey AJ. Raman characterization and chemical imaging of biocolloidal self-assemblies, drug delivery systems, and pulmonary inhalation aerosols: a review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E99. [PMID: 18181559 PMCID: PMC2750560 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an introduction to Raman scattering and describes the various Raman spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, and chemical imaging techniques that have demonstrated utility in biocolloidal self-assemblies, pharmaceutical drug delivery systems, and pulmonary research applications. Recent Raman applications to pharmaceutical aerosols in the context of pulmonary inhalation aerosol delivery are discussed. The "molecular fingerprint" insight that Raman applications provide includes molecular structure, drug-carrier/excipient interactions, intramolecular and intermolecular bonding, surface structure, surface and interfacial interactions, and the functional groups involved therein. The molecular, surface, and interfacial properties that Raman characterization can provide are particularly important in respirable pharmaceutical powders, as these particles possess a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio; hence, understanding the nature of these solid surfaces can enable their manipulation and tailoring for functionality at the nanometer level for targeted pulmonary delivery and deposition. Moreover, Raman mapping of aerosols at the micro- and nanometer level of resolution is achievable with new, sophisticated, commercially available Raman microspectroscopy techniques. This noninvasive, highly versatile analytical and imaging technique exhibits vast potential for in vitro and in vivo molecular investigations of pulmonary aerosol delivery, lung deposition, and pulmonary cellular drug uptake and disposition in unfixed living pulmonary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Mansour
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Campus Box #7360, 311 Pharmacy Lane, 1311 Kerr Hall, Dispersed Systems Laboratory, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA.
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36
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Buajarern J, Mitchem L, Reid JP. Characterizing the Formation of Organic Layers on the Surface of Inorganic/Aqueous Aerosols by Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11852-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075021v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Buajarern
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Laura Mitchem
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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37
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Buajarern J, Mitchem L, Reid JP. Characterizing Multiphase Organic/Inorganic/Aqueous Aerosol Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:9054-61. [PMID: 17718463 DOI: 10.1021/jp074366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of an immiscible and volatile organic component between the gas and aqueous condensed phases of an aerosol is investigated using optical tweezers. Specifically, the phase segregation of immiscible decane and aqueous components within a single liquid aerosol droplet is characterized by brightfield microscopy and by spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering. The internally mixed phases are observed to adopt equilibrium geometries that are consistent with predictions based on surface energies and interfacial tensions and the volume fractions of the two immiscible phases. In the limit of low organic volume fraction, the stimulated Raman scattering signature is consistent with the formation of a thin film or lens of the organic component on the surface of an aqueous droplet. By comparing the nonlinear spectroscopic signature with Mie scattering predictions for a core-shell structure, the thickness of the organic layer can be estimated with nanometer accuracy. Time-dependent measurements allow the evolving partitioning of the volatile organic component between the condensed and vapor phases to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Buajarern
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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38
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Buajarern J, Mitchem L, Ward AD, Nahler NH, McGloin D, Reid JP. Controlling and characterizing the coagulation of liquid aerosol droplets. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:114506. [PMID: 16999489 DOI: 10.1063/1.2336772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that optical tweezers can be used to control and characterize the coagulation and mixing state of aerosols. Liquid aerosol droplets of 2-14 mum in diameter are optically trapped and characterized by spontaneous and stimulated Raman scatterings, which together provide a unique signature of droplet size and composition. From the conventional bright field image, the size of the trapped droplet can be estimated and compared with that determined from stimulated Raman scattering, and the motion of the particle within the trapping plane can be recorded. A maximum of four droplets can be manipulated in tandem by forming multiple optical traps through rapid beam steering. The coagulation of two droplets can be studied directly by controlling two droplets. The limiting conditions under which optical forces and capillary forces dominate the aerosol coagulation event are explored by varying the relative optical trap strengths and characterizing the coagulation of different droplet sizes. Finally, we demonstrate that the coagulation of different aerosol components can be compared and the mixing state of the final coagulated droplet can be investigated. In particular, we compare the outcome of the coagulation of an aqueous sodium chloride aerosol droplet with a second aqueous droplet, with an ethanol droplet or with a decane droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Buajarern
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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39
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Reid JP, Meresman H, Mitchem L, Symes† R. Spectroscopic studies of the size and composition of single aerosol droplets. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350601081899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Li XH, Wang F, Lu PD, Dong JL, Wang LY, Zhang YH. Confocal Raman Observation of the Efflorescence/Deliquescence Processes of Individual NaNO3 Particles on Quartz. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24993-8. [PMID: 17149921 DOI: 10.1021/jp064221o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to study the structural changes of bulk NaNO3 solutions with molar water-to-solute ratios (WSRs) of 54.0-12.3 and NaNO3 droplets (10-100 microm) with WSRs of 9.5-1.0 on a quartz substrate. Upon reduction of the WSR, a blue shift of the symmetric stretching band (nu(1)(NO3-)) from approximately 1048 to approximately 1058 cm(-1) was observed in the confocal Raman spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios. Accordingly, the full width at half-height of the nu(1)(NO3-) band increased from approximately 8.4 cm-1 for the dilute solution (WSR = 54.0) to approximately 15.6 cm-1 for the extremely supersaturated droplet (WSR = 1.0), suggesting the formation of contact ion pairs with different structures. For the O-H stretching band, the ratio of weak hydrogen-bonding components to strong ones, i.e., I(3488)/I(3256), increased from approximately 1.2 at WSR = 54.0 to approximately 7.3 at WSR = 1.0, indicating that the strong hydrogen bonds were heavily destroyed between water molecules especially in the supersaturated droplets. In the humidifying process, two hygroscopic behaviors were observed depending on the morphology of solid NaNO3 particles. No surface water was detected for a solid NaNO3 particle with rhombohedral shape at relative humidities (RHs) below 86%. When the RH increased from 86% to 93%, it suddenly absorbed water and turned into a solution droplet. For a maple-leaf-shaped NaNO3 particle with a rough surface, however, a trace of residual water originally remained on the rough surface even at very low RH according to its Raman spectrum. Its initial water uptake from the ambient occurred at approximately 70% RH. The small amount of initially adsorbed water induced surface rearrangement of the maple-leaf-shaped particle. A further increase of RH made the particle gradually turn into a regular solid core swathed in a solution layer. Eventually, it completely deliquesced in the RH region of 86-93%, similar to the case of the NaNO3 particle with rhombohedral shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- The Institute for Chemical Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China 100081
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