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Magnin C, Quénot L, Bohic S, Mihai Cenda D, Fernández Martínez M, Lantz B, Faure B, Brun E. Dark-field and directional dark-field on low-coherence x ray sources with random mask modulations: validation with SAXS anisotropy measurements. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5839-5842. [PMID: 37966732 DOI: 10.1364/ol.501716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Phase-contrast imaging, dark-field, and directional dark-field imaging are recent x ray imaging modalities that have been demonstrated to reveal different information and contrast from those provided by conventional x ray imaging. Access to these new types of images is currently limited because the acquisitions require coherent sources such as synchrotron radiation or complicated optical setups. This Letter demonstrates the possibility of efficiently performing phase-contrast, dark-field, and directional dark-field imaging on a low-coherence laboratory system equipped with a conventional x ray tube, using a simple, fast, and robust single-mask technique.
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Urban T, Sauter AP, Frank M, Willer K, Noichl W, Bast H, Schick R, Herzen J, Koehler T, Gassert FT, Bodden JH, Fingerle AA, Gleich B, Renger B, Makowski MR, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. Dark-Field Chest Radiography Outperforms Conventional Chest Radiography for the Diagnosis and Staging of Pulmonary Emphysema. Invest Radiol 2023; 58:775-781. [PMID: 37276130 PMCID: PMC10581407 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dark-field chest radiography (dfCXR) has recently reached clinical trials. Here we compare dfCXR to conventional radiography for the detection and staging of pulmonary emphysema. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were included after a medically indicated computed tomography (CT) scan, showing either no lung impairments or different stages of emphysema. To establish a ground truth, all CT scans were assessed by 3 radiologists assigning emphysema severity scores based on the Fleischner Society classification scheme.Participants were imaged at a commercial chest radiography device and at a prototype for dfCXR, yielding both attenuation-based and dark-field images. Three radiologists blinded to CT score independently assessed images from both devices for presence and severity of emphysema (no, mild, moderate, severe).Statistical analysis included evaluation of receiver operating characteristic curves and pairwise comparison of adjacent Fleischner groups using an area under the curve (AUC)-based z test with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS A total of 88 participants (54 men) with a mean age of 64 ± 12 years were included. Compared with conventional images (AUC = 0.73), readers were better able to identify emphysema with images from the dark-field prototype (AUC = 0.85, P = 0.005). Although ratings of adjacent emphysema severity groups with conventional radiographs differed only for trace and mild emphysema, ratings based on images from the dark-field prototype were different for trace and mild, mild and moderate, and moderate and confluent emphysema. CONCLUSIONS Dark-field chest radiography is superior to conventional chest radiography for emphysema diagnosis and staging, indicating the technique's potential as a low-dose diagnostic tool for emphysema assessment.
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Kattau M, Willer K, Noichl W, Urban T, Frank M, De Marco F, Schick R, Koehler T, Maack HI, Renger B, Renz M, Sauter A, Leonhardt Y, Fingerle A, Makowski M, Pfeiffer D, Pfeiffer F. X-ray dark-field chest radiography: a reader study to evaluate the diagnostic quality of attenuation chest X-rays from a dual-contrast scanning prototype. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5549-5556. [PMID: 36806571 PMCID: PMC10326144 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the visibility of anatomical structures and overall quality of the attenuation images obtained with a dark-field X-ray radiography prototype with those from a commercial radiography system. METHODS Each of the 65 patients recruited for this study obtained a thorax radiograph at the prototype and a reference radiograph at the commercial system. Five radiologists independently assessed the visibility of anatomical structures, the level of motion artifacts, and the overall image quality of all attenuation images on a five-point scale, with 5 points being the highest rating. The average scores were compared between the two image types. The differences were evaluated using an area under the curve (AUC) based z-test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. To assess the variability among the images, the distributions of the average scores per image were compared between the systems. RESULTS The overall image quality was rated high for both devices, 4.2 for the prototype and 4.6 for the commercial system. The rating scores varied only slightly between both image types, especially for structures relevant to lung assessment, where the images from the commercial system were graded slightly higher. The differences were statistically significant for all criteria except for the bronchial structures, the cardiophrenic recess, and the carina. CONCLUSIONS The attenuation images acquired with the prototype were assigned a high diagnostic quality despite a lower resolution and the presence of motion artifacts. Thus, the attenuation-based radiographs from the prototype can be used for diagnosis, eliminating the need for an additional conventional radiograph. KEY POINTS • Despite a low tube voltage (70 kVp) and comparably long acquisition time, the attenuation images from the dark-field chest radiography system achieved diagnostic quality for lung assessment. • Commercial chest radiographs obtained a mean rating score regarding their diagnostic quality of 4.6 out of 5, and the grating-based images had a slightly lower mean rating score of 4.2 out of 5. • The difference in rating scores for anatomical structures relevant to lung assessment is below 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Kattau
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering & School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Willer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering & School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Noichl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering & School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Theresa Urban
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering & School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuela Frank
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering & School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio De Marco
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering & School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Rafael Schick
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering & School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Koehler
- Philips Research, 22335, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Renger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Renz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Sauter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannik Leonhardt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Fingerle
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Makowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering & School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Gassert FT, Urban T, Kufner A, Frank M, Feuerriegel GC, Baum T, Makowski MR, Braun C, Pfeiffer D, Schwaiger BJ, Pfeiffer F, Gersing AS. Dark-field X-ray imaging for the assessment of osteoporosis in human lumbar spine specimens. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1217007. [PMID: 37534364 PMCID: PMC10393038 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1217007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dark-field imaging is a novel imaging modality that allows for the assessment of material interfaces by exploiting the wave character of x-ray. While it has been extensively studied in chest imaging, only little is known about the modality for imaging other tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a clinical X-ray dark-field scanner prototype allows for the assessment of osteoporosis. Materials and methods: In this prospective study we examined human cadaveric lumbar spine specimens (vertebral segments L2 to L4). We used a clinical prototype for dark-field radiography that yields both attenuation and dark-field images. All specimens were scanned in lateral orientation in vertical and horizontal position. All specimens were additionally imaged with CT as reference. Bone mineral density (BMD) values were derived from asynchronously calibrated quantitative CT measurements. Correlations between attenuation signal, dark-field signal and BMD were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The capability of the dark-field signal for the detection of osteoporosis/osteopenia was evaluated with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 58 vertebrae from 20 human cadaveric spine specimens (mean age, 73 years ±13 [standard deviation]; 11 women) were studied. The dark-field signal was positively correlated with the BMD, both in vertical (r = 0.56, p < .001) and horizontal position (r = 0.43, p < .001). Also, the dark-field signal ratio was positively correlated with BMD (r = 0.30, p = .02). No correlation was found between the signal ratio of attenuation signal and BMD (r = 0.14, p = .29). For the differentiation between specimens with and without osteoporosis/osteopenia, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.80 for the dark-field signal in vertical position. Conclusion: Dark-field imaging allows for the differentiation between spine specimens with and without osteoporosis/osteopenia and may therefore be a potential biomarker for bone stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian T. Gassert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Urban
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Kufner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuela Frank
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Georg C. Feuerriegel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus R. Makowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Braun
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt J. Schwaiger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexandra S. Gersing
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Pfeiffer F, Willer K, Viermetz M, Pfeiffer D. [Dark-field imaging and computed tomography : Novel X-ray-based contrast imaging modality with great promise for pulmonary imaging]. RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023:10.1007/s00117-023-01161-4. [PMID: 37341743 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spatial and contrast resolution of conventional planar or computed tomographic X‑ray techniques is not sufficient to investigate microstructures of tissues. Dark-field imaging with X‑rays is an emerging technology that recently provided the first clinical results and makes diagnostic use of interactions of the beams with tissue due to their wave character. APPLICATION Dark-field imaging can provide information about the microscopic structure or porosity of the tissue under investigation that is otherwise inaccessible. This makes it a valuable complement to conventional X‑ray imaging, which can only account for attenuation. Our results demonstrate that X‑ray dark-field imaging provides pictorial information about the underlying microstructure of the lung in humans. Given the close relationship between alveolar structure and the functional state of the lung, this is of great importance for diagnosis and therapy monitoring and may contribute to a better understanding of lung diseases in the future. In the early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is usually associated with structural impairment of the lung, this novel technique could help to facilitate its diagnosis. PERSPECTIVE The application of dark-field imaging to computed tomography is still under development because it is technically difficult. Meanwhile, a prototype for experimental application has been developed and is currently being tested on a variety of materials. Use in humans is conceivable especially for tissues whose microstructure favors characteristic interactions due to the wave nature of the X‑rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Deutschland.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Deutschland.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - Konstantin Willer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Deutschland
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Deutschland
| | - Manuel Viermetz
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Deutschland
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Deutschland
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Deutschland
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Deutschland
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Moy L. Top Publications in Radiology, 2022. Radiology 2023; 306:e222914. [PMID: 36625749 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.222914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li P, Lennartz S, Consul N, Moy L, Lee SI. Top Covers of the Centennial. Radiology 2023; 306:64-68. [PMID: 36534609 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.229033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Li
- From the Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital Dotter Interventional Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon 97239 (P.L.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.L.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.C, S.I.L.); Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.)
| | - Simon Lennartz
- From the Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital Dotter Interventional Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon 97239 (P.L.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.L.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.C, S.I.L.); Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.)
| | - Nikita Consul
- From the Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital Dotter Interventional Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon 97239 (P.L.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.L.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.C, S.I.L.); Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.)
| | - Linda Moy
- From the Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital Dotter Interventional Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon 97239 (P.L.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.L.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.C, S.I.L.); Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.)
| | - Susanna I Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital Dotter Interventional Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon 97239 (P.L.); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.L.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.C, S.I.L.); Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.)
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Gassert FT, Frank M, De Marco F, Willer K, Urban T, Herzen J, Fingerle AA, Sauter AP, Makowski MR, Kriner F, Fischer F, Braun C, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. Assessment of Inflation in a Human Cadaveric Lung with Dark-Field Chest Radiography. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2022; 4:e220093. [PMID: 36601456 PMCID: PMC9806722 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.220093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dark-field chest radiography signal intensity appeared to correlate with inflation status in a cadaveric lung.
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Dark-field chest X-ray imaging for the assessment of COVID-19-pneumonia. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:147. [PMID: 36411311 PMCID: PMC9678896 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, alternative medical imaging methods for the assessment of pulmonary involvement in patients infected with COVID-19 are sought that combine a higher sensitivity than conventional (attenuation-based) chest radiography with a lower radiation dose than CT imaging. Methods Sixty patients with COVID-19-associated lung changes in a CT scan and 40 subjects without pathologic lung changes visible in the CT scan were included (in total, 100, 59 male, mean age 58 ± 14 years). All patients gave written informed consent. We employed a clinical setup for grating-based dark-field chest radiography, obtaining both a dark-field and a conventional attenuation image in one image acquisition. Attenuation images alone, dark-field images alone, and both displayed simultaneously were assessed for the presence of COVID-19-associated lung changes on a scale from 1 to 6 (1 = surely not, 6 = surely) by four blinded radiologists. Statistical analysis was performed by evaluation of the area under the receiver–operator-characteristics curves (AUC) using Obuchowski’s method with a 0.05 level of significance. Results We show that dark-field imaging has a higher sensitivity for COVID-19-pneumonia than attenuation-based imaging and that the combination of both is superior to one imaging modality alone. Furthermore, a quantitative image analysis shows a significant reduction of dark-field signals for COVID-19-patients. Conclusions Dark-field imaging complements and improves conventional radiography for the visualisation and detection of COVID-19-pneumonia. Computed tomography (CT) imaging uses X-rays to obtain images of the inside of the body. It is used to look at lung damage in patients with COVID-19. However, CT imaging exposes the patient to a considerable amount of radiation. As radiation exposure can lead to the development of cancer, exposure should be minimised. Conventional plain X-ray imaging uses lower amounts of radiation but lacks sensitivity. We used dark-field chest X-ray imaging, which also uses low amounts of radiation, to assess the lungs of patients with COVID-19. Radiologists identified pneumonia in patients more easily from dark-field images than from usual plain X-ray images. We anticipate dark-field X-ray imaging will be useful to follow-up patients suspected of having lung damage. Frank, Gassert et al. use dark-field chest X-ray imaging to assess COVID-19-pneumonia. Dark-field imaging has a higher sensitivity for COVID-19-pneumonia than attenuation-based imaging and provides an ultralow dose alternative to computed tomography imaging for that purpose.
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Sanctorum J, Sijbers J, De Beenhouwer J. Virtual grating approach for Monte Carlo simulations of edge illumination-based x-ray phase contrast imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:38695-38708. [PMID: 36258428 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of new x-ray phase contrast imaging setups often relies on Monte Carlo simulations for prospective parameter studies. Monte Carlo simulations are known to be accurate but time consuming, leading to long simulation times, especially when many parameter variations are required. This is certainly the case for imaging methods relying on absorbing masks or gratings, with various tunable properties, such as pitch, aperture size, and thickness. In this work, we present the virtual grating approach to overcome this limitation. By replacing the gratings in the simulation with virtual gratings, the parameters of the gratings can be changed after the simulation, thereby significantly reducing the overall simulation time. The method is validated by comparison to explicit grating simulations, followed by representative demonstration cases.
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Computed Tomography Imaging in ILD: New Trends for the Clinician. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195952. [PMID: 36233818 PMCID: PMC9573254 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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HERZ THORAX – Das Lungenemphysem im Dunkelfeldröntgen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1855-6773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gassert FT, Urban T, Pfeiffer D, Pfeiffer F. Dark-Field Chest Radiography of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2022; 4:e220085. [PMID: 36059379 PMCID: PMC9437945 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.220085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental material is available for this article.
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Gassert FT, Pfeiffer F. X-ray Dark-field Chest Radiography of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Radiology 2022; 303:499-500. [PMID: 35348375 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.212490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian T Gassert
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (F.T.G., F.P.); and Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences (F.P.), and Institute for Advanced Study (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (F.T.G., F.P.); and Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences (F.P.), and Institute for Advanced Study (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Gassert FT, Burkhardt R, Gora T, Pfeiffer D, Fingerle AA, Sauter AP, Schilling D, Rummeny EJ, Schmid TE, Combs SE, Wilkens JJ, Pfeiffer F. X-ray Dark-Field CT for Early Detection of Radiation-induced Lung Injury in a Murine Model. Radiology 2022; 303:696-698. [PMID: 35348380 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.212332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian T Gassert
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Rico Burkhardt
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Thomas Gora
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Alexander A Fingerle
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Andreas P Sauter
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Daniela Schilling
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Ernst J Rummeny
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Thomas E Schmid
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Jan J Wilkens
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- From the Departments of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (F.T.G., D.P., A.A.F., A.P.S., E.J.R., F.P.) and Radiation Oncology (R.B., T.G., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C., J.J.W.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany (R.B., D.S., T.E.S., S.E.C.); Department of Biomedical Physics (R.B., J.J.W., F.P.) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (F.P.), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany (D.P., F.P.); and Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (S.E.C.)
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Hatabu H, Madore B. Dark-Field Chest Radiography in the Detection of Emphysema. Radiology 2022; 303:128-129. [PMID: 35014909 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.212910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hatabu
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging (H.H.) and Department of Radiology (H.H., B.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bruno Madore
- From the Center for Pulmonary Functional Imaging (H.H.) and Department of Radiology (H.H., B.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
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