1
|
Raposo Rodríguez L, Tovar Salazar DJ, Fernández García N, Pastor Hernández L, Fernández Guinea Ó. Magnetic resonance imaging in dementia. RADIOLOGIA 2018; 60:476-484. [PMID: 29903629 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and illustrate the key findings on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the most common dementias of neurodegenerative origin: Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, variants of frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, variants of multiple system atrophy, Parkinson dementia, and corticobasal degeneration. CONCLUSION Today the role of MRI is no longer limited to ruling out underlying causes of cognitive deterioration. MRI can show patterns of atrophy with a predictive value for certain dementias which, although not specific or unique to each disease, can help to confirm diagnostic suspicion or to identify certain processes. For this reason, it is important for radiologists to know the characteristic findings of the most common dementias.
Collapse
|
2
|
Raposo Rodríguez L, Tovar Salazar D, Fernández García N, Pastor Hernández L, Fernández Guinea Ó. Magnetic resonance imaging in dementia. RADIOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
3
|
Mandelblatt JS, Jacobsen PB, Ahles T. Cognitive effects of cancer systemic therapy: implications for the care of older patients and survivors. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:2617-26. [PMID: 25071135 PMCID: PMC4129505 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with cancer who are age 65 years or older (hereinafter "older") is increasing dramatically. One obvious aspect of cancer care for this group is that they are experiencing age-related changes in multiple organ systems, including the brain, which complicates decisions about systemic therapy and assessments of survivorship outcomes. There is a consistent body of evidence from studies that use neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging that supports the existence of impairment following systemic therapy in selected cognitive domains among some older patients with cancer. Impairment in one or more cognitive domains could have important effects in the daily lives of older patients. However, an imperfect understanding of the precise biologic mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment after systemic treatment precludes development of validated methods for predicting which older patients are at risk. From what is known, risks may include lifestyle factors such as smoking, genetic predisposition, and specific comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Risk also interacts with physiologic and cognitive reserve, because even at the same chronological age and with the same number of illnesses, older patients vary from having high reserve (ie, biologically younger than their age) to being frail (biologically older than their age). Surveillance for the presence of cognitive impairment is also an important component of long-term survivorship care with older patients. Increasing the workforce of cancer care providers who have geriatrics training or who are working within multidisciplinary teams that have this type of expertise would be one avenue toward integrating assessment of the cognitive effects of cancer systemic therapy into routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne S Mandelblatt
- Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Paul B. Jacobsen, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; and Tim Ahles, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
| | - Paul B Jacobsen
- Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Paul B. Jacobsen, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; and Tim Ahles, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Tim Ahles
- Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Paul B. Jacobsen, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; and Tim Ahles, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mandelblatt JS, Hurria A, McDonald BC, Saykin AJ, Stern RA, VanMeter JW, McGuckin M, Traina T, Denduluri N, Turner S, Howard D, Jacobsen PB, Ahles T. Cognitive effects of cancer and its treatments at the intersection of aging: what do we know; what do we need to know? Semin Oncol 2013; 40:709-25. [PMID: 24331192 PMCID: PMC3880205 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a fairly consistent, albeit non-universal body of research documenting cognitive declines after cancer and its treatments. While few of these studies have included subjects aged 65 years and older, it is logical to expect that older patients are at risk of cognitive decline. Here, we use breast cancer as an exemplar disease for inquiry into the intersection of aging and cognitive effects of cancer and its therapies. There are a striking number of common underlying potential biological risks and pathways for the development of cancer, cancer-related cognitive declines, and aging processes, including the development of a frail phenotype. Candidate shared pathways include changes in hormonal milieu, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and compromised DNA repair, genetic susceptibility, decreased brain blood flow or disruption of the blood-brain barrier, direct neurotoxicity, decreased telomere length, and cell senescence. There also are similar structure and functional changes seen in brain imaging studies of cancer patients and those seen with "normal" aging and Alzheimer's disease. Disentangling the role of these overlapping processes is difficult since they require aged animal models and large samples of older human subjects. From what we do know, frailty and its low cognitive reserve seem to be a clinically useful marker of risk for cognitive decline after cancer and its treatments. This and other results from this review suggest the value of geriatric assessments to identify older patients at the highest risk of cognitive decline. Further research is needed to understand the interactions between aging, genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and frailty phenotypes to best identify the subgroups of older patients at greatest risk for decline and to develop behavioral and pharmacological interventions targeting this group. We recommend that basic science and population trials be developed specifically for older hosts with intermediate endpoints of relevance to this group, including cognitive function and trajectories of frailty. Clinicians and their older patients can advance the field by active encouragement of and participation in research designed to improve the care and outcomes of the growing population of older cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne S Mandelblatt
- Departments of Oncology and Population Sciences, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
| | - Arti Hurria
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Brenna C McDonald
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Robert A Stern
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Director, Clinical Core, BU Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - John W VanMeter
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Meghan McGuckin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Tiffani Traina
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Neelima Denduluri
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University; Virginia Cancer Specialists, US Oncology, Arlington, VA
| | - Scott Turner
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Darlene Howard
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Paul B Jacobsen
- Division of Population Science, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Tim Ahles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boncoeur-Martel MP, Monteil J, Maubon A. [Imaging of the Alzheimer's disease: MRI and functional imaging]. Morphologie 2007; 91:202-6. [PMID: 18054262 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The MRI is often the initial exploration proposed to a patient presenting a confusion of memory. This examination has for purpose first to eliminate surgical differential diagnoses, such as a chronic hydrocephalus of the adult. It can then help in the differential diagnosis between the various insane syndromes, like Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|