Acute myocardial infarction: safety of cardiac MR imaging after percutaneous revascularization with stents

Magnetic resonance in patients with cardiovascular devices. SEC-GT CRMTC/SEC-Heart Rhythm Association/SERAM/SEICAT consensus document

Magnetic resonance has become a first-line imaging modality in various clinical scenarios. The number of patients with different cardiovascular devices, including cardiac implantable electronic devices, has increased exponentially. Although there have been reports of risks associated with exposure to magnetic resonance in these patients, the clinical evidence now supports the safety of performing these studies under specific conditions and following recommendations to minimize possible risks. This document was written by the Working Group on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cardiac Computed Tomography of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC-GT CRMTC), the Heart Rhythm Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC-Heart Rhythm Association), the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM), and the Spanish Society of Cardiothoracic Imaging (SEICAT). The document reviews the clinical evidence available in this field and establishes a series of recommendations so that patients with cardiovascular devices can safely access this diagnostic tool.

Magnetic resonance in patients with cardiovascular devices. SEC-GT CRMTC/SEC-Heart Rhythm Association/SERAM/SEICAT consensus document

Magnetic resonance has become a first-line imaging modality in various clinical scenarios. The number of patients with different cardiovascular devices, including cardiac implantable electronic devices, has increased exponentially. Although there have been reports of risks associated with exposure to magnetic resonance in these patients, the clinical evidence now supports the safety of performing these studies under specific conditions and following recommendations to minimize possible risks. This document was written by the Working Group on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cardiac Computed Tomography of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC-GT CRMTC), the Heart Rhythm Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC-Heart Rhythm Association), the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM), and the Spanish Society of Cardiothoracic Imaging (SEICAT). The document reviews the clinical evidence available in this field and establishes a series of recommendations so that patients with cardiovascular devices can safely access this diagnostic tool.

The role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiovascular magnetic resonance) in defining the prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Part 1. Indications and contraindications to cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Recently, the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiovascular magnetic resonance) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction has increased significantly. This method is defined as the gold standard for differentiation between ischemic vs non-ischemic and acute vs chronic myocardial injury. This part of the review summarizes the main methods of cardiovascular magnetic resonance, its safety, indications and contraindications.

Review of safety reports of cardiac MR-imaging in patients with recently implanted coronary artery stents at various field strengths

Background: Aim of this study was to review current literature and data regarding the effects of MRI-examination post stent implantation on re-occlusion rates.Methods: We focused on representative studies in the database MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria were: clinical studies with the main focus on the safety of coronary artery stents after MRI-examination in the time interval of 8 weeks post stent implantation. During a follow up period the incidence of cardiac events was recorded. In addition, the time interval between stent implantation and MRI-examination should be defined.Results: Our search resulted in a total of relevant 17 studies. There were in-vivo as well as in-vitro studies and in addition three further publications f.e. guidelines. Concerning the patients, we differentiated between MRI performed shortly after acute cardiac event and in stable CAD. MRI-examinations were performed at different field strengths and reported different stent types. Considered were the incidences of cardiac events.Conclusion: Independent of MRI field strength (1.5 Tesla or 3.0 Tesla) or used stent type (BMS or DES), there was no increased rate for cardiac events in patients, who underwent MRI < 8 weeks after stent placement. MRI < 8 weeks after stent placement seems to be safe.

MRI safety and devices: An update and expert consensus

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing globally, and MRI safety issues regarding medical devices, which are constantly being developed or upgraded, represent an ongoing challenge for MRI personnel. To assist the MRI community, a panel of 10 radiologists with expertise in MRI safety from nine high-volume academic centers formed, with the objective of providing clarity on some of the MRI safety issues for the 10 most frequently questioned devices. Ten device categories were identified. The panel reviewed the literature, including key MRI safety issues regarding screening and adverse event reports, in addition to the manufacturer's Instructions For Use. Using a Delphi-inspired method, 36 practical recommendations were generated with 100% consensus that can aid the clinical MRI community. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:657-674.

Nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging with a cadmium-telluride semiconductor detector gamma camera in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE

Since myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with conventional sodium iodine (NaI) device has low spatial resolution, there have been some cases in which small structures such as non-transmural myocardial infarction could not be properly detected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential usefulness of cadmium-telluride (CdTe) semiconductor detector-based high spatial resolution gamma cameras in detecting myocardial infarction sites, especially non-transmural infarction.

METHODS

A total of 38 patients (mean age ± SD: 64 ± 21 year) who were clinically diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction were included. Twenty-eight cases of them were with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 10 cases with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). In all patients, myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography images were acquired with Infinia (NaI device) and R1-M (CdTe device), and the images were compared concerning the detectability of acute myocardial infarction sites.

RESULTS

The detection rates of the myocardial infarction site in cases with STEMI were 100% both by NaI and CdTe images. In cases with NSTEMI, detection rate by NaI images was 50%, while that of CdTe images was 100% (p = 0.033). The summed rest score (SRS) value derived from CdTe images was significantly higher than that from NaI images in cases with STEMI [NaI images: 12 (7-18) versus CdTe images: 14 (9-20)] (p < 0.001). SRS derived from CdTe images was significantly higher than that derived from NaI images in cases with NSTEMI [NaI images: 2 (0-5) versus CdTe images: 6 (6-8)] (p = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that MPI using CdTe-semiconductor device will provide a much more accurate assessment of acute myocardial infarction in comparison to current methods.

Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Committee on Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Advances in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging over the past 2 decades have led to MR becoming an increasingly attractive imaging modality. With the growing number of patients treated with permanent implanted or temporary cardiovascular devices, it is becoming ever more important to clarify safety issues in regard to the performance of MR examinations in patients with these devices. Extensive, although not complete, ex vivo, animal, and clinical data are available from which to generate recommendations regarding the safe performance of MR examination in patients with cardiovascular devices, as well as to ascertain caveats and contraindications regarding MR examination for such patients. Safe MR imaging involves a careful initial patient screening, accurate determination of the permanent implanted or temporary cardiovascular device and its properties, a thoughtful analysis of the risks and benefits of performing the examination at that time, and, when indicated, appropriate physician management and supervision. This scientific statement is intended to summarize and clarify issues regarding the safety of MR imaging in patients with cardiovascular devices.

MRI in patients with cardiac devices

Given the advances of MRI and cardiovascular technology, it is becoming increasingly likely that a patient with a cardiovascular device will be a candidate for an MRI procedure. However, many cardiac devices are currently considered to be contraindicated in the MR environment. This may prove to be a significant public health problem as many patients in need of MRI are denied the procedure because of the presence of a cardiovascular device. However, research studies have shown that with proper precautions and technique patients with cardiac devices can undergo successful MRI safely on the current platforms.

Diagnostic value of late gadolinium-enhanced MRI and first-pass dynamic MRI for predicting functional recovery in patients after acute myocardial infarction

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to determine the comparative diagnostic values of late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and first-pass dynamic MRI for predicting functional recovery of regional myocardial contraction in patients early after acute myocardial infarction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

First-pass and late-enhanced MRI were performed in 18 patients 5.5 +/- 2.5 days after the onset of myocardial infarction. Images analysis was performed using a 12-segment model. Regional systolic wall thickening (SWT) was measured on cine-MRI obtained 273 +/- 130 days later.

RESULTS

Late-enhanced MRI revealed hyperenhancement in all patients, whereas hypoenhancement on first-pass MRI was observed in 67% (12/18) of the patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.86 for late-enhanced MRI and 0.74 for first-pass MRI (P = 0.27). First-pass MRI was useful for predicting functional recovery of the segments that showed hyperenhancement of >50% of tissue on late-enhanced MRI. In these segments, preserved SWT was observed in 15 of 33 segments (45%) with first-pass hypoenhancement of < or =50% of tissue, but in only 2 of 22 segments (9%) with first-pass hypoenhancement of >50% of tissue.

CONCLUSION

Whereas the diagnostic capability of first-pass MRI alone is limited, complementary use of first-pass MRI can enhance the diagnostic performance of late-enhanced MRI because hypoenhancement during first-pass imaging is more specific to nonviable myocardium.

Actualización en técnicas de imagen cardiaca. Ecocardiografía, resonancia magnética en cardiología y tomografía computarizada con multidetectores

This article contains a review of the most significant publications on non-invasive recent cardiac imaging techniques in 2005. The increasing importance of technological innovation in echocardiography is reflected in the sections on three dimensional echocardiography, contrast echocardiography, and myocardial deformation measurement techniques (i.e., strain echocardiography). The most important developments affecting cardiology in the techniques of magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computed tomography are also summarized. This review ends with a detailed description of the contributions made by imaging techniques to the diagnosis of aortic disease.