1
|
A case of intra-vaginal intrauterine testicular torsion. CASE REPORTS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/crpm-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Intrauterine testicular torsion is extremely rare and the exact cause remains largely unknown. It is the result of an ischemic insult intrauterine, which presents as either extra-vaginal or intravaginal testicular torsion. Urgent surgical exploration and fixating the contralateral testis is key in the management of this condition.
Case presentation
We present here the case of a two-day old neonate with in-born right scrotal swelling admitted at Children’s hospital. The patient was born at term via cesarean section at a private hospital. Upon arrival in the emergency department, he was well hydrated, pink at room temperature with good perfusion. Upon examination, the right testis was found to be enlarged, tense, non-tender visibly reddish with overlying skin excoriation. Trans-illumination was negative in right but positive in the contralateral testis. Both hernial orifices were normal. Doppler ultrasound of the inguinoscrotal area found the right testis to be enlarged (15.6*9.4 mm) and showed heterogeneous hypoechoic texture with prominent rete testis and no flow on color doppler analysis. An urgent scrotal exploration was undertaken. Intra-operatively there was frank necrotic right testis with intravaginal torsion of the testis and minimal hydrocele. A right orchidectomy and contralateral orchidopexy were performed.
Conclusions
Intrauterine testicular torsion should be treated as a surgical emergency. We advocate early recognition of intrauterine testicular torsion, alongside surgical exploration and simultaneous contralateral orchidopexy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaudhry H, Siddiqi M, Simpson WL, Rosenberg HK. Pitfalls and Practical Challenges in Imaging of the Pediatric Scrotum. Ultrasound Q 2022; 38:208-221. [PMID: 36054277 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultrasound is the modality of choice for evaluation of the pediatric scrotum, as it provides excellent image quality without the use of radiation, need for sedation/anesthesia, or use of contrast material and can be used for serial examination. Ultrasound of the scrotum has proven to be useful for assessment of a wide gamut of congenital, infectious, inflammatory, endocrine, neoplastic, and traumatic abnormalities in pediatric patients of all ages from the tiniest premature infant to a fully grown young adult. This review article presents a varied spectrum of conditions that may affect the pediatric scrotum, what the radiologist needs to know to meet the challenge of limiting the differential diagnosis, and how to avoid pitfalls when imaging the scrotum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Chaudhry
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Madheea Siddiqi
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - William L Simpson
- Department of Diagnostic Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Henrietta Kotlus Rosenberg
- Department of Diagnostic Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao H, Gao Y, Li Y, Tang Y, Zhu L, Xu J, Mou F, Huang Y. Ultrasound assessment of perinatal testicular torsion. Br J Radiol 2016; 89:20151077. [PMID: 27278088 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20151077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to elucidate the different sonographic features of prenatal and postnatal testicular torsion (TT) using high-frequency colour Doppler ultrasound (HCDU) in an effort to increase diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: 29 patients (average age, 7.5 days) with perinatal TT were divided into patients with postnatal (acute) TT vs patients with prenatal (chronic) TT and their clinical characteristics, imaging features on HCDU and surgical pathology results were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between prenatal and postnatal TT cases with regard to testicular size (p = 0.01) and echogenicity (p = 0.007). All 17 prenatal cases had non-homogeneous testicular parenchymal echo patterns compared with only 9 (64.3%) postnatal TT cases. Five postnatal TT cases presented with homogeneous echo patterns compared with none of the prenatal TT cases. Testicular blood supply was absent in 25 (80.7%) of 31 testes on colour Doppler flow imaging, with the majority occurring in the prenatal TT cases [i.e. 16 (94.1%) cases]. 1 affected testis out of a total 17 testes from 16 patients with prenatal TT was salvaged, with a salvage rate of 1/17 or 0.06%. 7 affected testes out of a total 16 testes from 13 patients with postnatal neonatal TT were salvaged, with a salvage rate of 7/16 or 43.8%. CONCLUSION: In neonates with acute scrotal symptoms, the possibility of perinatal TT should be considered and HCDU examination should be performed in a timely manner. HCDU examination could aid in testicular salvage by prompting quick surgical intervention. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This study underlined the clinical contribution of HCDU in evaluating postnatal (acute) vs prenatal (chronic) TT. The sonographic features of postnatal TT with salvageable testes were compared with prenatal torsion and the relative salvage rates in both cases were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiao
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,4 Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,4 Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingliang Li
- 2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,4 Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,5 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,4 Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,4 Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Xu
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,4 Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangting Mou
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,4 Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingle Huang
- 1 Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,4 Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Otero HJ, Rubio E, Blask A. Ovary and testicle and everything in between: lesions and imaging in the newborn. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:178-92. [PMID: 26001946 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the neonatal reproductive tract requires an understanding of embryology, awareness of common clinical presentations, and familiarity with normal newborn variation. This review of the neonatal reproductive tract emphasizes the use of sonography in the evaluation of developmental, acquired, and neoplastic conditions in male and female newborns. Anchored in embryologic origins, the discussion also includes descriptions of findings that may be encountered in prenatal imaging. Comments on clinical correlation are included to guide appropriate triaging of these complex cases. Imaging pearls and pitfalls are incorporated into this review, including the recognized effects of maternal hormones in female infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansel J Otero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.
| | - Eva Rubio
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Anna Blask
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
D'Andrea A, Coppolino F, Cesarano E, Russo A, Cappabianca S, Genovese EA, Fonio P, Macarini L. US in the assessment of acute scrotum. Crit Ultrasound J 2013; 5 Suppl 1:S8. [PMID: 23902859 PMCID: PMC3711727 DOI: 10.1186/2036-7902-5-s1-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acute scrotum is a medical emergency . The acute scrotum is defined as scrotal pain, swelling, and redness of acute onset. Scrotal abnormalities can be divided into three groups , which are extra-testicular lesion, intra-testicular lesion and trauma. This is a retrospective analysis of 164 ultrasound examination performed in patient arriving in the emergency room for scrotal pain. The objective of this article is to familiarize the reader with the US features of the most common and some of the least common scrotal lesions. Methods Between January 2008 and January 2010, 164 patients aged few month and older with scrotal symptoms, who underwent scrotal ultrasonography (US), were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation, outcome, and US results were analyzed. The presentation symptoms including scrotal pain, painless scrotal mass or swelling, and trauma. Results Of 164 patients, 125 (76%) presented with scrotal pain, 31 (19%) had painless scrotal mass or swelling and 8 (5%) had trauma. Of the 125 patients with scrotal pain, 72 had infection,10 had testicular torsion, 8 had testicular trauma, 18 had varicocele, 20 had hydrocele, 5 had cryptorchidism, 5 had scrotal sac and groin metastases, and 2 had unremarkable results. In the 8 patients who had history of scrotal trauma, US detected testicular rupture in 1 patients, scrotal haematomas in 2 patients . Of the 19 patients who presented with painless scrotal mass or swelling, 1 6 had extra-testicular lesions and 3 had intra-testicular lesions. All the extra-testicular lesions were benign. Of the 3 intra-testicular lesions, one was due to tuberculosis epididymo-orchitis, one was non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and one was metastasis from liposarcoma Conclusions US provides excellent anatomic detail; when color Doppler and Power Doppler imaging are added, testicular perfusion can be assessed
Collapse
|
6
|
MILES G, FREEMAN SJ. Ultrasound imaging of the “on call” acute scrotum. IMAGING 2013. [DOI: 10.1259/imaging.20120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
7
|
Lubner MG, Simard ML, Peterson CM, Bhalla S, Pickhardt PJ, Menias CO. Emergent and Nonemergent Nonbowel Torsion: Spectrum of Imaging and Clinical Findings. Radiographics 2013; 33:155-73. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.331125016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
8
|
Clinical aspects of testicular microlithiasis in boys: a review. J Pediatr Urol 2012; 8:459-69. [PMID: 21856234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After review of the pediatric literature, we report on the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis and its relation with benign and malign entities. We provide a guideline for the management of boys with testicular microlithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The databases searched were Medline, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Data on the rates of testicular microlithiasis were collected and from each study information was extracted on the study population according to country, study design, diagnostic method, type of patient, number of patients, age, associated anomalies, additional diagnostic methods and follow-up information. From the 472 articles, we selected 126 articles as potentially relevant, of which 57 were included. RESULTS In asymptomatic boys, the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis is 4.2% and in symptomatic referrals it is 1.6%. The development of a testicular malignancy is occasionally reported after diagnosis of testicular microlithiasis. The management of boys with testicular microlithiasis varies widely. Most authors recommend regular self-examination, and some perform testicular ultrasound and/or screen tumor markers. CONCLUSION The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in boys varies between 1.1% and 4.2%. For follow-up, regular self-examination is advised from the age of 15 years.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Abstract
Torsion of the testis, also referred to as torsion of the spermatic cord, is a subject of debate among physicians and surgeons. Testicular torsion is an acute vascular event causing the rotation of the vascular pedicle of the testis, thereby impeding the blood flow to the testis and the scrotal contents. It could be either within or outside the tunica vaginalis. Testicular torsion causes immediate circulatory changes and long-term sequelae such as testicular function and fertility. It is considered a surgical emergency, as a delay causes irreversible testicular damage. The diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion are discussed in this review, which also illustrates an algorithm and a scoring system for the diagnosis and management of this condition based on current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pentyala
- Departments of Urology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8093, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
This review describes the clinical, grey-scale and colour Doppler US findings of different conditions that may be the cause of an acute scrotum. The US appearances of testicular torsion, torsion of the appendix testis, epididymoorchitis, incarcerated hernia and idiopathic scrotal oedema are described. Some of the major studies regarding the sensitivity and specificity of US in the diagnosis of these diseases are reviewed. Grey-scale and colour Doppler US demonstrate high accuracy in the aetiological diagnosis of an acute scrotum and can differentiate between diseases that require immediate surgical intervention and those that can be treated conservatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Baldisserotto
- Radiology Department, Hospital Sao Lucas da Pontificia, Universidade Católica do Rio Grando do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ellati RT, Kavoussi PK, Turner TT, Lysiak JJ. Twist and Shout: A Clinical and Experimental Review of Testicular Torsion. Korean J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2009.50.12.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riyad T. Ellati
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia Health System, USA
| | | | - Terry T. Turner
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia Health System, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine torsion of testes (IUTT) is a very rare condition that is being recognized with increasing frequency. The exact cause of IUTT is not known, and controversies still continue regarding the need for urgent exploration as well as the necessity of contralateral orchidopexy. This is a review of our experience with 11 cases of IUTT, highlighting aspects of diagnosis and management. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1990 to 2005, we treated 11 newborns with IUTT. Their mean birth weight was 3.50 kg (range, 2.6-4.12 kg). Their age at presentation ranged from 2 hours to 10 days (mean, 45 hours). All underwent emergency exploration. There were 6 left-sided, 4 right-sided, and 1 bilateral torsion. RESULTS In all, the affected testis was enlarged, tender, firm in consistency, and higher in position, and the overlying skin was dark red in color. Exploration revealed extravaginal torsion in all. In 1, there was partial torsion and the testis was enlarged, congested, but not gangrenous. Another child had complete torsion, but the testis was found enlarged, congested with hemorrhage, but not gangrenous. Both were treated with detorsion and preservation of testes and bilateral orchidopexy. On follow-up, both testes were viable, of good size, and in normal position. The patient with bilateral torsion had frankly necrotic left testis that was removed, but the right testis was smaller in size and ischemic but not frankly necrotic, so it was preserved, but on follow-up, it was found atrophic. One of our patients was evaluated few hours after delivery and found to have normal testes. On the second day, he was found to have enlarged, tender left testis. Emergency exploration revealed extravaginal torsion with slightly enlarged left testis that was ischemic but not frankly necrotic. This was preserved and bilateral orchidopexy was done. On follow-up, both testes were viable, of good size, and normal position. In the remaining 7 patients, the testes were frankly necrotic. They were treated with orchidectomy and contralateral orchidopexy. Histology of the removed testes was variable. In 6, the testes were totally necrotic without any viable testicular tissue, whereas in the remaining 2, there was preservation of some semineferous tubules and hemorrhage with ischemic infarction. CONCLUSION Intrauterine torsion of testes should be treated as an emergency. To obviate the risk of anorchia, we advocate early recognition of IUTT, expeditious exploration and simultaneous contralateral orchidopexy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Al-Salem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Testicular torsion is one of the common causes of acute scrotal pain. This review discusses the clinical and sonographic findings of intravaginal and extravaginal testicular torsion, including the normal sonographic and vascular anatomy of the testis. The role of color flow Doppler and spectral Doppler is also emphasized in the patient's complete, incomplete, and intermittent testicular torsion. Sonographic features of testicular torsion mimics, such as vasculitis, venous thrombosis, scrotal edema, and technical parameters, are also presented. A brief description of new developments such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging, and near-infrared imaging is included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P Lin
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Aso C, Enríquez G, Fité M, Torán N, Piró C, Piqueras J, Lucaya J. Gray-Scale and Color Doppler Sonography of Scrotal Disorders in Children: An Update. Radiographics 2005; 25:1197-214. [PMID: 16160106 DOI: 10.1148/rg.255045109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) is well suited to the study of pathologic conditions of the scrotum in children. US provides excellent anatomic detail; when color Doppler and power Doppler imaging are added, testicular perfusion can be assessed. Gray-scale, color Doppler, and power Doppler US were used to study a spectrum of scrotal disorders in 750 boys aged 1 day to 17 years. The entities studied included processus vaginalis-related disorders (cryptorchidism, inguinal-scrotal hernia, and hydrocele); varicocele; acute scrotum (epididymo-orchitis, torsion of the testicular appendages, and testicular torsion); scrotal tumors; testicular microlithiasis; scrotal trauma; and systemic diseases with scrotal involvement. When combined with the results of clinical and physical examination, the information obtained with US is sufficient to enable diagnosis in most cases of scrotal disease. Moreover, color Doppler imaging is essential for differentiation between processes such as epididymo-orchitis or torsion of the testicular appendages and testicular torsion, which have similar clinical manifestations (pain, swelling, and redness) but are managed differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Aso
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Vall d'Hebron Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The ability of US to diagnose the pathogenesis of the acute scrotum is unsurpassed by any other imaging modality. It is the first imaging performed in patients with acute scrotum. Knowledge of the normal and pathologic sonographic appearance of the scrotum and proper sonographic technique is essential for accurate diagnosis of acute scrotum. High-frequency transducer sonography combined with color flow Doppler sonography provides the information essential to reach a specific diagnosis in patients with testicular torsion, epididymo-orchitis, and testicular trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Dogra
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Traubici J, Daneman A, Navarro O, Mohanta A, Garcia C. Original report. Testicular torsion in neonates and infants: sonographic features in 30 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 180:1143-5. [PMID: 12646472 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.180.4.1801143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to illustrate the spectrum of sonographic findings in testicular torsion in a large series of neonates and infants. These patterns and their evolution have, to our knowledge, not been described previously. CONCLUSION The sonographic appearance of testicular torsion in neonates and infants can be divided into three types. We believe that the findings represent different stages in the evolution of testicular torsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Traubici
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) with a high-frequency (7.5-10-MHz) transducer has become the imaging modality of choice for examination of the scrotum. US examination can provide information valuable for the differential diagnosis of a variety of disease processes involving the scrotum that have similar clinical manifestations (eg, pain, swelling, or presence of mass). The pathologic condition that may be at the origin of such symptoms can vary from testicular torsion to infection to malignancy. The ability of color and power Doppler US to demonstrate testicular perfusion aids in reaching a specific diagnosis in patients with acute scrotal pain. This review covers the anatomy of the scrotum and the scanning protocol for scrotal US, as well as detailed descriptions of disease processes and their US appearances. Newly described conditions such as intratesticular varicoceles and other benign intratesticular cystic lesions are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S Dogra
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
This article describes the ultrasound guidelines for evaluating patients with spermatic cord torsion, including gray-scale, Doppler with spectral analysis, and color and power Doppler sonography. The sonographic and Doppler features of acute, subacute, and chronic torsion of the spermatic cord are demonstrated and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Décio Prando
- Unidade Radiologica Paulista São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Youssef BA, Sammak BM, Al Shahed M. Case Report. Pre-natally diagnosed testicular torsion ultrasonographic features. Clin Radiol 2000; 55:150-1. [PMID: 10657163 DOI: 10.1053/crad.1999.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B A Youssef
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barca PR, Dargallo T, Jardón JA, Estévez E, Bautista A, Varela Cives R. Bilateral testicular torsion in the neonatal period. J Urol 1997; 158:1957-9. [PMID: 9334649 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P R Barca
- Service of Pediatric Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
A multitude of disorders of the genitourinary tract can occur in children. Although some entities may be diagnosed clinically, radiologic imaging is often necessary for diagnosis and management. The radiologic work-up has been discussed using a problem-oriented approach in five clinical situations: urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis or hydroureter, trauma, swollen scrotum, and hematuria. This discussion provides some general guidelines, although the evaluation of each child may need to be individualized depending on their specific clinical symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Shalaby-Rana
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Siegel MJ. THE ACUTE SCROTUM. Radiol Clin North Am 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
27
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the usefulness of color Doppler ultrasound in evaluating the newborn with suspected antenatal testis torsion. METHODS Nine newborns with 10 antenatally torsed testes were examined using color Doppler and gray-scale ultrasound. RESULTS Each examination revealed lack of intratesticular blood flow on the affected side and normal flow within the contralateral testis. In addition, gray-scale sonographic architecture of the affected testes appeared to reflect the duration of in utero torsion. CONCLUSIONS Color Doppler sonography accurately assesses intratesticular blood flow in newborns with antenatal testis torsion and offers interesting details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P C Cartwright
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pediatric Urology. J Urol 1995. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199503000-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|