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Luo W, Xiu Z, Wang X, McGarry R, Allen J. A Novel Method for Evaluating Early Tumor Response Based on Daily CBCT Images for Lung SBRT. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:20. [PMID: 38201447 PMCID: PMC10778260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to develop a new tumor response assessment method for lung SBRT. METHODS In total, 132 lung cancer patients with 134 tumors who received SBRT treatment with daily CBCT were included in this study. The information about tumor size (area), contrast (contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)), and density/attenuation (μ) was derived from the CBCT images for the first and the last fractions. The ratios of tumor area, CNR, and μ (RA, RCNR, Rμ) between the last and first fractions were calculated for comparison. The product of the three rations was defined as a new parameter (R) for assessment. Tumor response was independently assessed by a radiologist based on a comprehensive analysis of the CBCT images. RESULTS R ranged from 0.27 to 1.67 with a mean value of 0.95. Based on the radiologic assessment results, a receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve with the area under the curve (AUC) of 95% was obtained and the optimal cutoff value (RC) was determined as 1.1. The results based on RC achieved a 94% accuracy, 94% specificity, and 90% sensitivity. CONCLUSION The results show that R was correlated with early tumor response to lung SBRT and that using R for evaluating tumor response to SBRT would be viable and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Z.X.); (R.M.)
| | - Zijian Xiu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Z.X.); (R.M.)
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Ronald McGarry
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Z.X.); (R.M.)
| | - Joshua Allen
- AdventHealth, 2501 N Orange Ave, Orlando, FL 32804, USA;
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Lindberg S, Grozman V, Karlsson K, Onjukka E, Lindbäck E, Jirf KA, Lax I, Wersäll P, Persson GF, Josipovic M, Khalil AA, Møller DS, Hoffmann L, Knap MM, Nyman J, Drugge N, Bergström P, Olofsson J, Rogg LV, Hagen RK, Frøland AS, Ramberg C, Kristiansen C, Jeppesen SS, Nielsen TB, Lödén B, Rosenbrand HO, Engelholm S, Haraldsson A, Billiet C, Lewensohn R, Lindberg K. Expanded HILUS Trial: A Pooled Analysis of Risk Factors for Toxicity From Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Central and Ultracentral Lung Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:1222-1231. [PMID: 37423292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic body radiation therapy for tumors near the central airways implies high-grade toxic effects, as concluded from the HILUS trial. However, the small sample size and relatively few events limited the statistical power of the study. We therefore pooled data from the prospective HILUS trial with retrospective data from patients in the Nordic countries treated outside the prospective study to evaluate toxicity and risk factors for high-grade toxic effects. METHODS AND MATERIALS All patients were treated with 56 Gy in 8 fractions. Tumors within 2 cm of the trachea, the mainstem bronchi, the intermediate bronchus, or the lobar bronchi were included. The primary endpoint was toxicity, and the secondary endpoints were local control and overall survival. Clinical and dosimetric risk factors were analyzed for treatment-related fatal toxicity in univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Of 230 patients evaluated, grade 5 toxicity developed in 30 patients (13%), of whom 20 patients had fatal bronchopulmonary bleeding. The multivariable analysis revealed tumor compression of the tracheobronchial tree and maximum dose to the mainstem or intermediate bronchus as significant risk factors for grade 5 bleeding and grade 5 toxicity. The 3-year local control and overall survival rates were 84% (95% CI, 80%-90%) and 40% (95% CI, 34%-47%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Tumor compression of the tracheobronchial tree and high maximum dose to the mainstem or intermediate bronchus increase the risk of fatal toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy in 8 fractions for central lung tumors. Similar dose constraints should be applied to the intermediate bronchus as to the mainstem bronchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lindberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Department of Head, Neck, Lung and Skin Tumors, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vitali Grozman
- Section of Thoracic Radiology, Department of Imaging and Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristin Karlsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Radiotherapy Physics and Engineering, Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Onjukka
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Radiotherapy Physics and Engineering, Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias Lindbäck
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Radiotherapy Physics and Engineering, Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karam Al Jirf
- Theme Cancer, Department of Head, Neck, Lung and Skin Tumors, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Lax
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Department of Head, Neck, Lung and Skin Tumors, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Wersäll
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Radiotherapy, Department of Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gitte Fredberg Persson
- Section of Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirjana Josipovic
- Section of Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Azza Ahmed Khalil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Sloth Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lone Hoffmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Marquard Knap
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Nyman
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ninni Drugge
- Department of Therapeutic Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Bergström
- Department of Oncology, Northern Sweden University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Olofsson
- Department of Oncology, Northern Sweden University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Christina Ramberg
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Kristiansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Stefan Starup Jeppesen
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine Bjørn Nielsen
- Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Britta Lödén
- Oncology Department, Central Hospital in Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | - Silke Engelholm
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - André Haraldsson
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Billiet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Netwerk, Wilrijk, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Department of Head, Neck, Lung and Skin Tumors, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Lindberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Department of Head, Neck, Lung and Skin Tumors, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Strange TA, Erasmus LT, Ahuja J, Agrawal R, Shroff GS, Truong MT, Strange CD. Spectrum of Imaging Patterns of Lung Cancer following Radiation Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3283. [PMID: 37892105 PMCID: PMC10606648 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy using conventional or newer high-precision dose techniques, including three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy, four-dimensional conformational radiotherapy, and proton therapy, is an important component of treating patients with lung cancer. Knowledge of the radiation technique used and the expected temporal evolution of radiation-induced lung injury, as well as patient-specific parameters such as previous radiotherapy, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, or immunotherapy, is important in image interpretation. This review discusses factors that affect the development and severity of radiation-induced lung injury and its radiological manifestations, as well as the differences between conventional and high-precision dose radiotherapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Strange
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch John Sealy School of Medicine, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Lauren T. Erasmus
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A0G4, Canada
| | - Jitesh Ahuja
- Department of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (R.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Rishi Agrawal
- Department of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (R.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Girish S. Shroff
- Department of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (R.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Mylene T. Truong
- Department of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (R.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Chad D. Strange
- Department of Thoracic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.A.); (R.A.); (G.S.S.)
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Kirshenboim Z, Dan Lantsman C, Appel S, Klug M, Onn A, Truong MT, Marom EM. Magnetic resonance imaging for prospective assessment of local recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer after stereotactic body radiation therapy. Lung Cancer 2023; 182:107265. [PMID: 37327593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate multi-parametric MRI for distinguishing stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) induced pulmonary fibrosis from local recurrence (LR). MATERIALS AND METHODS SBRT treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients suspected of LR by conventional imaging underwent MRI: T2 weighted, diffusion weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) with a 5-minute delayed sequence. MRI was reported as high or low suspicion of LR. Follow-up imaging ≥12 months or biopsy defined LR status as proven LR, no-LR or not-verified. RESULTS MRI was performed between 10/2017 and 12/2021, at a median interval of 22.5 (interquartile range 10.5-32.75) months after SBRT. Of the 20 lesions in 18 patients: 4 had proven LR, 10 did not have LR and 6 were not verified for LR due to subsequent additional local and/or systemic therapy. MRI correctly identified as high suspicion LR in all proven LR lesions and low suspicion LR in all confirmed no-LR lesions. All proven LR lesions (4/4) showed heterogeneous enhancement and heterogeneous T2 signal, as compared to the proven no-LR lesions in which 7/10 had homogeneous enhancement and homogeneous T2 signal. DCE kinetic curves could not predict LR status. Although lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were seen in proven LR lesions, no absolute cut-off ADC value could determine LR status. CONCLUSION In this pilot study of NSCLC patients after SBRT, multi-parametric chest MRI was able to correctly determine LR status, with no single parameter being diagnostic by itself. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehavit Kirshenboim
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Christine Dan Lantsman
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarit Appel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Radiotherapy, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maximiliano Klug
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Onn
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mylene T Truong
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Edith Michelle Marom
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Afshari S, Anker CJ, Kooperkamp HZ, Sprague BL, Lester-Coll NH. Trends and Outcomes of Salvage Lobectomy for Early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:271-275. [PMID: 36961366 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is little data describing the outcomes for patients who develop local recurrences after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), a standard-of-care treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. One emerging option is salvage lobectomy. We investigated trends in the use of salvage lobectomy after SBRT and described patient outcomes using a nationally representative sample. METHODS This is a retrospective study using the National Cancer Database of patients with non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2017. We used descriptive statistics to describe patients who underwent salvage lobectomy. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate overall survival (OS). Cox proportional modeling was used to identify factors associated with OS. RESULTS We identified 276 patients who underwent salvage lobectomy. Ninety-day mortality was 0%. The median survival time for the cohort was 50 months (95% CI, 44 to 58). Median follow-up was 65 months (Interquartile Range: 39 to 96). The factors associated with decreased OS include squamous cell histology (hazard ratio (HR)=1.72, P =0.005) and high grade (1.50, P =0.038). Increased OS was associated with lobectomy performed between 3 and 6 months after SBRT (HR=0.53, P =0.021), lobectomy performed >6 months after SBRT (HR=0.59, P =0.015), and female sex (HR=0.56, P =0.004). CONCLUSIONS Salvage lobectomy after local failures of SBRT was associated with no perioperative mortality and favorable long-term outcomes. Our data suggest that lobectomy performed within 3 months of SBRT is associated with worse OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Afshari
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine
| | | | - Hannah Z Kooperkamp
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Brian L Sprague
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
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6
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Ackerson BG, Sperduto W, D'Anna R, Niedzwiecki D, Christensen J, Patel P, Mullikin TC, Kelsey CR. Divergent Interpretations of Imaging After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer. Pract Radiat Oncol 2023; 13:e126-e133. [PMID: 36375770 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conflicting information from health care providers contributes to anxiety among cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate discordant interpretations of follow-up imaging studies after lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) between radiologists and radiation oncologists. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients treated with SBRT for stage I non-small cell lung cancer from 2007 to 2018 at Duke University Medical Center were included. Radiology interpretations of follow-up computed tomography (CT) chest or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans and the corresponding radiation oncology interpretations in follow-up notes from the medical record were assessed. Based on language used, interpretations were scored as concerning for progression (Progression), neutral differential listed (Neutral Differential), or favor stability/postradiation changes (Stable). Neutral Differential required that malignancy was specifically listed as a possibility in the differential. Encounters were categorized as discordant when either radiology or radiation oncology interpreted the surveillance imaging as Progression when the other interpreted the imaging study as Stable or Neutral Differential. The incidence of discordant interpretations was the primary endpoint of the study. RESULTS From 2007 to 2018, 139 patients were treated with SBRT and had available follow-up CT or PET-CT imaging for the analysis. Median follow-up was 61 months and the median number of follow-up encounters per patient was 3. Of 534 encounters evaluated, 25 (4.7%) had overtly discordant interpretations of imaging studies. This most commonly arose when radiology felt the imaging study showed Progression but radiation oncology favored Stable or Neutral Differential (24/25, 96%). No patient or treatment variables were found to be significantly associated with discordant interpretations on univariate analysis including type of scan (CT 22/489, 4.5%; PET-CT 3/45, 7%; P = .46). CONCLUSIONS Surveillance imaging after lung SBRT is often interpreted differently by radiologists and radiation oncologists, but overt discordance was relatively low at our institution. Providers should be aware of differences in interpretation patterns that may contribute to increased patient distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G Ackerson
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - William Sperduto
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel D'Anna
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jared Christensen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pranalee Patel
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Trey C Mullikin
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chris R Kelsey
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Al-Umairi R, Tarique U, Moineddin R, Jimenez-Juan L, Kha LC, Cheung P, Oikonomou A. CT patterns and serial CT Changes in lung Cancer patients post stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:51. [PMID: 36114585 PMCID: PMC9482277 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To evaluate computed tomography (CT) patterns of post-SBRT lung injury in lung cancer and identify time points of serial CT changes.
Materials and methods
One hundred eighty-three tumors in 170 patients were evaluated on sequential CTs within 29 months (median). Frequencies of post-SBRT CT patterns and time points of initiation and duration were assessed. Duration of increase of primary lesion or surrounding injury without evidence of local recurrence and time to stabilization or local recurrence were evaluated.
Results
Post-SBRT CT patterns could overlap in the same patient and were nodule-like pattern (69%), consolidation with ground glass opacity (GGO) (41%), modified conventional pattern (39%), peribronchial/patchy consolidation (42%), patchy GGO (24%), diffuse consolidation (16%), “orbit sign” (21%), mass-like pattern (19%), scar-like pattern (15%) and diffuse GGO (3%). Patchy GGO started at 4 months post-SBRT. Peribronchial/patchy consolidation and consolidation with GGO started at 4 and 5 months respectively. Diffuse consolidation, diffuse GGO and orbit sign started at 5, 6 and 8 months respectively. Mass-like, modified conventional and scar-like pattern started at 8, 12 and 12 months respectively. Primary lesion (n = 11) or surrounding injury (n = 85) increased up to 13 months. Primary lesion (n = 119) or surrounding injury (n = 115) started to decrease at 4 and 9 months respectively. Time to stabilization was 20 months. The most common CT pattern at stabilization was modified conventional pattern (49%), scar-like pattern (23%) and mass-like pattern (12%). Local recurrence (n = 15) occurred at a median time of 18 months.
Conclusion
Different CT patterns of lung injury post-SBRT appear in predictable time points and have variable but predictable duration. Familiarity with these patterns and timeframes of appearance helps differentiate them from local recurrence.
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Faroni L, Collie L, Gabrielli F, Baldotto C, Moraes F. Role of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy in Operable and Inoperable Early-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1185-1200. [PMID: 35969313 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Radiation therapy is becoming an increasingly important part of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management. Approximately 60% of all cancer patients require radiation therapy (RT) as part of their treatment. For lung cancer, this number is even higher, reaching approximately 77% of all patients, from radical to palliative modalities of RT. This percentage may even be underestimated, as it may not account for the more recent use of RT in oligometastatic lung cancer patients. Thus, we can estimate that each year there will be approximately 21,890 new lung cancer patients in the USA requiring RT. These numbers are expected to continue to rise, as lung cancer radiation techniques continue to improve. There is growing interest in determining the best treatment options for early-stage NSCLC patients. There is well-established data showing the benefit of RT for inoperable patients, and more recent encouraging data even in operable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Faroni
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil.
| | - Laura Collie
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Flavia Gabrielli
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Baldotto
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Fabio Moraes
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Feasibility and clinical utility of a workflow interfacing radiation oncology lung stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment planning and diagnostic radiology. Pract Radiat Oncol 2022; 12:e512-e516. [PMID: 35752410 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is commonly used to treat early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SBRT beam arrangements include multiple entry/exit pathways resulting in irregular low dose distributions within normal lung parenchyma. An improved understanding of post-treatment radiographic changes may improve the ability to predict clinical complications including radiation pneumonitis as well as assist in early detection of local failures. Radiation treatment planning is conducted using software systems separate from diagnostic radiology, often not accessible to the diagnostic radiologist. We developed a workflow for interfacing radiation dose information from lung SBRT treatments with diagnostic radiology picture archiving and communication system (PACS). In an anonymized PACS study folder, SBRT dose maps depicting high dose, low dose, and non-irradiated lung volumes were viewable side-by-side with pretreatment and follow up diagnostic CT scans. Clinical utility was evaluated by two thoracic diagnostic radiologists reviewing post-treatment diagnostic follow up scans in PACS both with and without radiation dose maps available. The addition of the biologically effective dose (BED) map did not significantly change identification rates of radiation induced lung injury (RILI) (92% vs. 95%, p=0.32) but did significantly decrease radiologic suspicion for LR (22% vs. 8%, p=0.003). The addition of BED maps significantly increased confidence in calling RILI (7.75 vs. 8.82, p=0.004) and LR (5.5 vs 6.6, p=0.005). Recommendation for additional workup was not significantly different (10% vs 7%, p=0.41). We demonstrated the feasibility and clinical utility of a workflow generating simplified radiation dose maps that are viewable within PACS for diagnostic radiology review.
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10
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Ahmed N, Kidane B, Wang L, Nugent Z, Moldovan N, McElrea A, Shariati-Ievari S, Qing G, Tan L, Buduhan G, Srinathan SK, Meyers R, Aliani M. Metabolic Alterations in Sputum and Exhaled Breath Condensate of Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients After Surgical Resection: A Pilot Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:874964. [PMID: 35719971 PMCID: PMC9204221 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, close to two million people world-wide are diagnosed with and die of lung cancer. Most patients present with advanced-stage cancer with limited curative options and poor prognosis. Diagnosis of lung cancer at an early stage provides the best chance for a cure. Low- dose CT screening of the chest in the high-risk population is the current standard of care for early detection of lung cancer. However, CT screening is invasive due to radiation exposure and carries the risk of unnecessary biopsies in non-cancerous tumors. In this pilot study, we present metabolic alterations observed in sputum and breath condensate of the same population of early- stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients cancer before and after surgical resection (SR), which could serve as noninvasive diagnostic tool. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) (n=35) and sputum (n=15) were collected from early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients before and after SR. Median number of days for EBC and sputum collection before and after SR were 7 and 42; and 7 and 36 respectively Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) were used to analyze the metabolic profile of the collected samples. A total of 26 metabolites with significant alteration post SR were identified, of which 14 (54%) were lipids and 12 constituted nine different chemical metabolite classes. Eighteen metabolites (69%) were significantly upregulated and 8 (31%) were downregulated. Median fold change for all the up- and downregulated metabolites (LC-QTOF-MS) were 10 and 8, respectively. Median fold change (MFC) in concentration of all the up- and downregulated metabolites (NMR) were 0.04 and 0.27, respectively. Furthermore, glucose (median fold change, 0.01, p=0.037), adenosine monophosphate (13 log fold, p=0.0037) and N1, N12- diacetylspermine (8 log fold p=0.011) sputum levels were significantly increased post-SR. These identified sputa and EBC indices of altered metabolism could serve as basis for further exploration of biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer, treatment response, and targets for drug discovery. Validation of these promising results by larger clinical studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmed
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zoann Nugent
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nataliya Moldovan
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - April McElrea
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Gefei Qing
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tan
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gordon Buduhan
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sadeesh K. Srinathan
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Renelle Meyers
- BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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11
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Patterns of Pretreatment Diagnostic Assessment in Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Special Characteristics in the COVID Pandemic and Influence on Outcomes. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1080-1092. [PMID: 35200591 PMCID: PMC8871078 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic raised a discussion about the postponement of medical interventions for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the characteristics of pretreatment diagnostic assessment in the pandemic and the influence of diagnostic assessment on outcomes. A total of 96 patients with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for NSCLC were included. The number of patients increased from mean 0.9 (2012–2019) to 1.45 per month in the COVID era (p < 0.05). Pandemic-related factors (contact reduction, limited intensive care unit resources) might have influenced clinical decision making towards SBRT. The time from pretreatment assessment (multidisciplinary tumor board decision, bronchoscopy, planning CT) to SBRT was longer during the COVID period (p < 0.05). Reduced services, staff shortage, or appointment management to mitigate infection risks might explain this finding. Overall survival, progression-free survival, locoregional progression-free survival, and distant progression-free survival were superior in patients who received a PET/CT scan prior to SBRT (p < 0.05). This supports that SBRT guidelines advocate the acquisition of a PET/CT scan. A longer time from PET/CT scan/conventional staging to SBRT (<10 vs. ≥10 weeks) was associated with worse locoregional control (p < 0.05). The postponement of diagnostic or therapeutic measures in the pandemic should be discussed cautiously. Patient- and tumor-related features should be evaluated in detail.
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12
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Bousabarah K, Blanck O, Temming S, Wilhelm ML, Hoevels M, Baus WW, Ruess D, Visser-Vandewalle V, Ruge MI, Treuer H, Kocher M. Radiomics for prediction of radiation-induced lung injury and oncologic outcome after robotic stereotactic body radiotherapy of lung cancer: results from two independent institutions. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:74. [PMID: 33863358 PMCID: PMC8052812 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To generate and validate state-of-the-art radiomics models for prediction of radiation-induced lung injury and oncologic outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). METHODS Radiomics models were generated from the planning CT images of 110 patients with primary, inoperable stage I/IIa NSCLC who were treated with robotic SBRT using a risk-adapted fractionation scheme at the University Hospital Cologne (training cohort). In total, 199 uncorrelated radiomic features fulfilling the standards of the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) were extracted from the outlined gross tumor volume (GTV). Regularized models (Coxnet and Gradient Boost) for the development of local lung fibrosis (LF), local tumor control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were built from either clinical/ dosimetric variables, radiomics features or a combination thereof and validated in a comparable cohort of 71 patients treated by robotic SBRT at the Radiosurgery Center in Northern Germany (test cohort). RESULTS Oncologic outcome did not differ significantly between the two cohorts (OS at 36 months 56% vs. 43%, p = 0.065; median DFS 25 months vs. 23 months, p = 0.43; LC at 36 months 90% vs. 93%, p = 0.197). Local lung fibrosis developed in 33% vs. 35% of the patients (p = 0.75), all events were observed within 36 months. In the training cohort, radiomics models were able to predict OS, DFS and LC (concordance index 0.77-0.99, p < 0.005), but failed to generalize to the test cohort. In opposite, models for the development of lung fibrosis could be generated from both clinical/dosimetric factors and radiomic features or combinations thereof, which were both predictive in the training set (concordance index 0.71- 0.79, p < 0.005) and in the test set (concordance index 0.59-0.66, p < 0.05). The best performing model included 4 clinical/dosimetric variables (GTV-Dmean, PTV-D95%, Lung-D1ml, age) and 7 radiomic features (concordance index 0.66, p < 0.03). CONCLUSION Despite the obvious difficulties in generalizing predictive models for oncologic outcome and toxicity, this analysis shows that carefully designed radiomics models for prediction of local lung fibrosis after SBRT of early stage lung cancer perform well across different institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Bousabarah
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Blanck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Saphir Radiosurgery Center Northern Germany, Guestrow, Germany
| | - Susanne Temming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria-Lisa Wilhelm
- Saphir Radiosurgery Center Northern Germany, Guestrow, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mauritius Hoevels
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Baus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Ruess
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian I Ruge
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Treuer
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Kocher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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13
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The impact of stereotactic body radiation therapy on the overall survival of patients diagnosed with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2020; 155:254-260. [PMID: 33317997 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a standard treatment for inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with remarkable local control. However, it is not clear if this local control translates to overall survival (OS). The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of SBRT on the OS of early-stage NSCLC patients and examine if the extent of this impact changes with the era of diagnosis, T stage, age, and comorbidity status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the National Cancer Database, we compared the OS of cT1-3 cN0 cM0 NSCLC patients with SBRT or observation. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, race, sex, income, education, place of living, hospital type, insurance status, comorbidity score, histology types, and diagnosis year. RESULTS Among 50,819 patients, 27,027 (53.18%) received SBRT and 23,792 (46.82%) were observed. Multivariable Cox Proportional-Hazards analysis demonstrated SBRT was associated with an improved OS compared to observation (HR:0.56, p < 0.001). Subset multivariable Cox Proportional-Hazards analyses stratified by T stage, year of diagnosis, age, or Charlson Score revealed that HRs of SBRT vs. observation decrease from cT1 to cT3 (0.73-0.68), from 2004 to 2015 (0.65-0.51), from <50 to ≥80 years old (1.04-0.58) and from a Charlson Score 0 to 2 (0.69-0.58). CONCLUSION SBRT was associated with improved OS compared to no treatment in early-stage NSCLC. The magnitude of the impact of SBRT on OS increases in patients with advanced age, higher T stages, higher comorbidity scores and more recent treatment eras.
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14
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Christie JR, Lang P, Zelko LM, Palma DA, Abdelrazek M, Mattonen SA. Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer: Bridging the Gap Between Computational Power and Clinical Decision-Making. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:86-97. [PMID: 32735493 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120941434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Recent advances in lung cancer screening, radiotherapy, surgical techniques, and systemic therapy have led to increasing complexity in diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and assessment of recurrence. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based prediction models are being developed to address these issues and may have a future role in screening, diagnosis, treatment selection, and decision-making around salvage therapy. Imaging plays an essential role in all components of lung cancer management and has the potential to play a key role in AI applications. Artificial intelligence has demonstrated value in prognostic biomarker discovery in lung cancer diagnosis, treatment, and response assessment, putting it at the forefront of the next phase of personalized medicine. However, although exploratory studies demonstrate potential utility, there is a need for rigorous validation and standardization before AI can be utilized in clinical decision-making. In this review, we will provide a summary of the current literature implementing AI for outcome prediction in lung cancer. We will describe the anticipated impact of AI on the management of patients with lung cancer and discuss the challenges of clinical implementation of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaryd R Christie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, 6221Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pencilla Lang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, 6221Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren M Zelko
- Department of Medical Biophysics, 6221Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Division of Radiation Oncology, 6221Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdelrazek
- Department of Medical Imaging, 6221Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah A Mattonen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, 6221Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, 6221Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Chassagnon G, Martini K, Giraud P, Revel MP. Radiological assessment after stereotactic body radiation of lung tumours. Cancer Radiother 2020; 24:379-387. [PMID: 32534799 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung tumours comes along with new post-therapeutic imaging findings that should be known by physicians involved in patient follow-up. Radiation-induced lung injury is much more frequent than after conventional radiation therapy, it can also be delayed and has a different radiological presentation. Radiation-induced lung injury after stereotactic body radiation therapy involves the lung parenchyma surrounding the target tumour and appears as a dynamic process continuing for years after completion of the treatment. Thus, the radiological pattern and the severity of radiation-induced lung injury are prone to changes during follow-up, which can make it difficult to differentiate from local recurrence. Contrary to radiation-induced lung injury, local recurrence after stereotactic body radiation therapy is rare. Other complications mainly depend on tumour location and include airway complications, rib fractures and organizing pneumonia. The aim of this article is to provide a wide overview of radiological changes occurring after SBRT for lung tumours. Awareness of changes following stereotactic body radiation therapy should help avoiding unnecessary interventions for pseudo tumoral presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chassagnon
- Service de radiologie, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, centre université de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 12, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - K Martini
- Service de radiologie, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, centre université de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - P Giraud
- Université de Paris, 12, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Service de radiologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, centre université de Paris, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - M-P Revel
- Service de radiologie, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, centre université de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 12, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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16
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Kim TH, Woo S, Halpenny DF, Kim YJ, Yoon SH, Suh CH. Can high-risk CT features suggest local recurrence after stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 2020; 127:108978. [PMID: 32298960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.108978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating usefulness of high-risk CT features (HRFs) on follow-up CT in detecting local recurrence after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in lung cancer patients. METHODS Pubmed and EMBASE were searched up to January 11th, 2019. We included studies that differentiated local recurrence from post-SBRT changes after SBRT on follow-up CT in lung cancer patients. Methodological quality was assessed using QUADAS-2. The association between HRFs and local recurrence were pooled in the form of odds ratio (OR) using the random effects model. Heterogeneity was examined by the Inconsistency index (I2). RESULTS Eight studies were included, consisting of 356 lung cancer patients. The overall prevalence of patients with local recurrence was 18.8 % (67/356). Compared with post-SBRT changes, local recurrence after SBRT more frequently demonstrated air-bronchogram disappearance (OR = 7.15), bulging margin (OR = 24.12), craniocaudal growth (OR = 26.07), enlargement after 12 months (OR = 28.11), enlarging opacity (OR = 7.92), linear margin disappearance (OR = 29.24), and sequential enlargement (OR = 83.23) (p ≤ 0.02). Pleural effusion appearance was not related with local recurrence (p = 0.82). Heterogeneity varied among HRFs (I2 = 0-91 %). The quality of the studies was considered moderate. CONCLUSIONS Several HRFs on follow-up CT after SBRT were useful in suggesting local recurrence. These HRFs may help raise clinical suspicion of local recurrence, initiate prompt additional test for confirmation and perform subsequent proper personalized salvage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Naval Pohang Hospital, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Woo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Darragh F Halpenny
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yeon Joo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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