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Handa A, Grigelioniene G, Nishimura G. Skeletal Dysplasia Families: A Stepwise Approach to Diagnosis. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220067. [PMID: 37053103 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous collection of genetic disorders characterized by bone and cartilage abnormalities, and they encompass over 400 disorders. These disorders are rare individually, but collectively they are common (approximate incidence of one in 5000 births). Radiologists occasionally encounter skeletal dysplasias in daily practice. In the 1980s, Professor Juergen Spranger proposed a concept suitable for the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias termed bone dysplasia families. He stated that (a) different bone dysplasias that share a similar skeletal pattern can be grouped into a "family," (b) the final diagnosis is feasible through the provisional recognition of a pattern followed by a more careful analysis, and (c) families of bone dysplasias may be the result of similar pathogenetic mechanisms. The prototypes of bone dysplasia families include dysostosis multiplex family, achondroplasia family, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita family, and Larsen syndrome-otopalatodigital syndrome family. Since Spranger's proposal, the concept of bone dysplasia families, along with advancing genetic techniques, has been validated and further expanded. Today, this molecularly proven concept enables a simple stepwise approach to be applied to the radiologic diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias. The first step is the categorization of a given case into a family based on pattern recognition, and the second step is more meticulous observation, such as identification of different severities of the same pattern or subtle but distinctive findings. Since major skeletal dysplasias are limited in number, radiologists can be familiar with the representative patterns of these disorders. The authors describe a stepwise radiologic approach to diagnosing major skeletal dysplasia families and review the clinical and genetic features of these disorders. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center. Online supplemental material and the slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting are available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Handa
- From the Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (A.H.); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G., G.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G.); Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (G.G.); and Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama University Hospital, Saitama, Japan (G.N.)
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- From the Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (A.H.); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G., G.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G.); Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (G.G.); and Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama University Hospital, Saitama, Japan (G.N.)
| | - Gen Nishimura
- From the Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (A.H.); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G., G.N.); Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G.); Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (G.G.); and Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama University Hospital, Saitama, Japan (G.N.)
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Qiu L, Zhang M, Li C, Hou Y, Liu H, Lin J, Yao J, Duan DZ, Zhang YX, Li M, Li YL, Wang P, Li JT, Jin XJ, Liu YQ. Deciphering the active constituents of Dabushen decoction of ameliorating osteoarthritis via PPARγ preservation by targeting DNMT1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:993498. [PMID: 36506533 PMCID: PMC9727303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.993498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial and chronic degenerative joint disease. Due to the adverse effects of currently used drugs, a safer and more effective therapy for treating OA is needed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a key protein protecting cartilage. DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of PPARγ promoter leads to its suppression. Therefore, DNMT1 might be an effective target for exerting cartilage protective effects by regulating the epigenetic expression of PPARγ. Dabushen decoction (DD) is a representative prescription of Dunhuang ancient medical prescription, which has a potential therapeutic effect on OA. So far, the research of the efficacy and material basis of DD in the treatment of OA remains unclear. In this study, Micro-CT, HE staining, S-O staining, and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to demonstrate that DD increased the expression of PPARγ and collagen synthesis in an OA rat model. Next, the structure of DNMT1 was used to screen the active constituents of DD by molecular docking method for treatment OA. Seven potential active constituents, including isoliquiritigenin, emodin, taxifolin, catalpol, alisol A, zingerone, and schisandrin C were hited. The protective effect of the potential active constituents to chondrocytes were evaluated by protein capillary electrophoresis, immunofluorescence assays, and ex vivo culture of rat knee cartilage. The five constituents, such as alisol A, emodin, taxifolin, isoliquiritigenin, and schisandrin C could promote the expression of PPARγ and ameliorate IL-1β-induced downregulation of collagen II and the production of MMP-13. Alisol A and Emodin could effectively mitigate cartilage damage. At last, molecular dynamics simulations with MM-GBSA method was applied to investigate the interaction pattern of the active constituents and DNMT1 complexes. The five constituents, such as alisol A, emodin, taxifolin, isoliquiritigenin, and schisandrin C achieved a stable binding pattern with DNMT1, in which alisol A has a relatively high binding free energy. In conclusion, this study elucidates that the active constituents of DD (alisol A, emodin, taxifolin, isoliquiritigenin, and schisandrin C) could ameliorate osteoarthritis via PPARγ preservation by targeting DNMT1.These findings facilitated clinical use of DD and provided a valuable strategy for developing natural epigenetic modulators from Chinese herbal formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yehu Hou
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Yao
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Yi Xi Zhang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mi Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Ling Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Jie Jin
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiao Jie Jin, ; Yong Qi Liu,
| | - Yong Qi Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiao Jie Jin, ; Yong Qi Liu,
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Handa A, Nishimura G, Zhan MX, Bennett DL, El-Khoury GY. A primer on skeletal dysplasias. Jpn J Radiol 2022; 40:245-261. [PMID: 34693503 PMCID: PMC8891206 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-021-01206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasia encompasses a heterogeneous group of over 400 genetic disorders. They are individually rare, but collectively rather common with an approximate incidence of 1/5000. Thus, radiologists occasionally encounter skeletal dysplasias in their daily practices, and the topic is commonly brought up in radiology board examinations across the world. However, many radiologists and trainees struggle with this issue because of the lack of proper resources. The radiological diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias primarily rests on pattern recognition-a method that is often called the "Aunt Minnie" approach. Most skeletal dysplasias have an identifiable pattern of skeletal changes composed of unique findings and even pathognomonic findings. Thus, skeletal dysplasias are the best example to which the Aunt Minnie approach is readily applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Handa
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Malia Xin Zhan
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D Lee Bennett
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Georges Y El-Khoury
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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