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Shur J, White O, Castagnoli F, Hopkinson G, Hughes J, Scurr E, Whitcher B, Charles-Edwards G, Winfield J, Koh DM. AI-accelerated T2-weighted TSE imaging of the rectum demonstrates excellent image quality with reduced acquisition time. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024:10.1007/s00261-024-04599-9. [PMID: 39400588 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Shur
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Owen White
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Erica Scurr
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jessica Winfield
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Dow-Mu Koh
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Miao G, Liu L, Liu J, Zeng M. Arterial Mucosal Linear Enhancement at Contrast-enhanced MRI to Exclude Residual Tumor after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer. Radiology 2024; 312:e232713. [PMID: 39136568 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.232713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Background A watch-and-wait regimen for locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy (NCRT) relies on identifying complete tumor response. However, the concordance between a complete response at combined T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI (T2DWI) and pathologic complete response (pCR; ie, ypT0N0) in the tumor is unsatisfactory. Purpose To assess whether identification of mucosal linear enhancement (MLE) at arterial-phase contrast-enhanced (CE) T1-weighted MRI is associated with ypT0 status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after NCRT and to evaluate whether combining MLE at CE T1-weighted MRI and negative lymph node metastasis (LNM) at T2DWI can improve identification of pCR. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision after NCRT between July 2020 and July 2023 at a tertiary referral academic center. Restaging MRI included T2DWI and arterial-phase CE T1-weighted MRI for primary tumor assessment and T2DWI for evaluation of LNM status. Imaging features associated with ypT0 status were identified at multivariable regression analysis. Results In total, 239 patients (mean age, 58 years ± 12 [SD]; 180 male patients) were assessed. MLE was more common in the ypT0 group than in the ypT1-4 group after NCRT (73% vs 4%, respectively; P < .001). MLE was associated with higher odds of ypT0 status in an adjusted analysis (odds ratio, 137; 95% CI: 25, 767; P < .001). The combination of MLE and negative LNM status achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.88) for pCR. Conclusion MLE at CE MRI was associated with higher odds of complete tumor response. Combining MLE and negative LNM status showed good performance for identifying complete tumor response and may exclude residual tumors after NCRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Schoellnast in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyun Miao
- From the Department of Radiology, Cancer Center, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Liheng Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Cancer Center, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Cancer Center, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- From the Department of Radiology, Cancer Center, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
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Salmerón-Ruiz A, Luengo Gómez D, Medina Benítez A, Láinez Ramos-Bossini AJ. Primary staging of rectal cancer on MRI: an updated pictorial review with focus on common pitfalls and current controversies. Eur J Radiol 2024; 175:111417. [PMID: 38484688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in primary staging of rectal cancer, enabling the determination of appropriate management strategies and prediction of patient outcomes. However, inconsistencies and pitfalls exist in various aspects, including rectal anatomy, MRI protocols and strategies for artifact resolution, as well as in T- and N-staging, all of which limit the diagnostic value of MRI. This narrative and pictorial review offers a comprehensive overview of factors influencing primary staging of rectal cancer and the role of MRI in assessing them. It highlights the significance of the circumferential resection margin and its relationship with the mesorectal fascia, as well as the prognostic role of extramural venous invasion and tumor deposits. Special attention is given to tumors of the lower rectum due to their complex anatomy and the challenges they pose in MRI staging. The review also addresses current controversies in rectal cancer staging and the need for personalized risk stratification. In summary, this review provides valuable insights into the role of MRI in the primary staging of rectal cancer, emphasizing key aspects for accurate assessment to enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salmerón-Ruiz
- Abdominal Radiology Section. Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014. Granada, Spain; Advanced Medical Imaging Group (TeCe22), Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA). 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - D Luengo Gómez
- Abdominal Radiology Section. Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014. Granada, Spain; Advanced Medical Imaging Group (TeCe22), Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA). 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - A Medina Benítez
- Abdominal Radiology Section. Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014. Granada, Spain
| | - A J Láinez Ramos-Bossini
- Abdominal Radiology Section. Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014. Granada, Spain; Advanced Medical Imaging Group (TeCe22), Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA). 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Brewer J, Kamara M, Huebner M, Taxakis E, Grajewski K, Ramm C, Cleary RK. Operative trends following the adoption of nonoperative management of rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:1139-1149. [PMID: 38406980 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiating clinical near-complete and complete responses (cCR) after neoadjuvant therapy (NT) is challenging in rectal cancer patients. We hypothesized that magnetic resonance imaging staging limitations for low rectal cancers may increase the proportion of abdominoperineal resection (APR) with permanent colostomy for those without a cCR. METHODS Single institution retrospective analysis of rectal cancer cases before and after adoption of nonoperative "watch and wait" (W&W) pathway. APR as a percentage of rectal resections was the primary outcome. RESULTS There were 76 total mesorectal excisions (TME) in the pre-W&W group and 98 in the post-W&W group. NT was significantly more common in the post-W&W group. There was no significant difference in the APR primary outcome (pre-W&W APR 33.3% vs. post-W&W APR 26.5%, p = 0.482). APR patients had fewer complete TME grades (69.2% vs. 46.2%) and more pathologic complete responses (0% vs. 26.9%) in the post-W&W period. The cCR rate for patients with nonoperative management was 51.4% (n = 37) and 13.5% (n = 5) had regrowths, all of whom underwent salvage surgery. CONCLUSION APR for those without a cCR to NT has not increased in the nonoperative management era. Balancing the pathologic complete response rate may require restaging some patients with clinical near-complete responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Brewer
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maseray Kamara
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marianne Huebner
- Center for Statistical Training and Consulting, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Elias Taxakis
- Department of Radiology, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karen Grajewski
- Department of Radiology, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carole Ramm
- Department of Academic Research, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert K Cleary
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Health Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Safont MJ, García-Figueiras R, Hernando-Requejo O, Jimenez-Rodriguez R, Lopez-Vicente J, Machado I, Ayuso JR, Bustamante-Balén M, De Torres-Olombrada MV, Domínguez Tristancho JL, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Suarez J, Vera R. Interdisciplinary Spanish consensus on a watch-and-wait approach for rectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:825-835. [PMID: 37787973 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Watch-and-wait has emerged as a new strategy for the management of rectal cancer when a complete clinical response is achieved after neoadjuvant therapy. In an attempt to standardize this new clinical approach, initiated by the Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumors (TTD), and with the participation of the Spanish Association of Coloproctology (AECP), the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP), the Spanish Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (SEED), the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR), and the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM), we present herein a consensus on a watch-and-wait approach for the management of rectal cancer. We have focused on patient selection, the treatment schemes evaluated, the optimal timing for evaluating the clinical complete response, the oncologic outcomes after the implementation of this strategy, and a protocol for surveillance of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Safont
- Oncology Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia. Valencia University, Av. de les Tres Creus, 2, 46014, València, Spain.
| | - Roberto García-Figueiras
- Radiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Lopez-Vicente
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Mósteles, Spain
| | - Isidro Machado
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
- Pathology Department, Patologika Laboratory QuironSalud, Valencia, Spain
- Pathology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Marco Bustamante-Balén
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Mª Jesús Fernández-Aceñero
- Surgical Pathology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdiSSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Suarez
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruth Vera
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación (Idisna), Pamplona, Spain
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Liu J, Miao G, Deng L, Zhou G, Yang C, Rao S, Liu L, Zeng M. Should the Baseline MRI Staging Criteria Differentiate Between Mucinous and Classical Rectal Adenocarcinoma? Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1378-1387. [PMID: 37949701 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To compare baseline MR imaging features for pre-treatment staging between rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (RMAC) and rectal classical adenocarcinoma (RCAC), and to investigate whether the subtype of mucinous carcinoma influences MRI evaluation criteria and high-risk tumors identifying. METHODS A total of 306 patients who underwent surgical rectal cancer resection were retrospectively reviewed in the study. MR imaging parameters of the primary tumor and lymph nodes (LNs) were compared between two subtypes. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to test significant associations between LN imaging parameters and malignant LN status in RMAC and RCAC, respectively. RESULTS The length of mucinous tumors was larger than RCAC tumors in pT3 and pT4 stage. For pN0 patients, the long and short diameters of the largest LN on MRI were more likely to be larger in RCAC than RMAC. For pN+ patients, the proportion of LNs exhibiting internal heterogeneity in RMAC was obviously greater than that in RCAC. The best cut-off value of the largest short diameter of malignant LNs was 6.05 mm for RMAC and 8.05 mm for RCAC. And the highest AUC for predicting LNs metastases based on the largest short diameter was 0.794 for RMAC using 6 mm size cut-off, and 0.667 for RCAC using 8 mm cut-off. CONCLUSION The imaging features that were associated with LN metastases were different between RMAC and RCAC, and different size criteria of LNs was suggested to distinguish high-risk tumors. Clinicians should stay vigilant of LN status and take histologic subtypes into consideration before assigning clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., L.D., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.)
| | - Gengyun Miao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., L.D., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.)
| | - Lamei Deng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., L.D., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.)
| | - Guofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., L.D., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.)
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., L.D., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.)
| | - Shengxiang Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., L.D., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.)
| | - Liheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., L.D., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.)
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., L.D., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.M., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.); Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China (J.L., G.Z., C.Y., S.R., L.L., M.Z.).
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