Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Uterus at MRI: Focus on Leiomyomas and FIGO Classification

Treatment of adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma with interventional radiology: A review of current evidences

Interventional radiology shows promises in the field of women's health, particularly in pelvic interventions. This review article discusses the latest advancements in interventional radiology techniques for pelvic conditions affecting women including adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma. Extraperitoneal endometriosis involving the abdominal wall may be treated by percutaneous thermal ablation, such as cryoablation, whereas uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis can be managed either using percutaneous thermal ablation or using uterine artery embolization. Continued research and development in interventional radiology will further enhance the minimally-invasive interventions available for women's health, improving outcomes and quality of life for this large patient population of women.

Soft-Tissue Sarcomas of the Genitourinary Tract with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Genitourinary tract soft-tissue sarcomas are rare neoplasms with varied pathologic and clinical features. While some of these tumors may be aggressive high-grade malignancies, others are low grade with a relatively better prognosis. Given that the grade and extent of the disease are important prognostic factors in these tumors, timely diagnosis is crucial. Unfortunately, most imaging features of these malignancies are not pathognomonic, and various histologic subtypes do not manifest with typical classic imaging features. Therefore, reliable differentiation of the various histologic tumor types is not always possible based solely on the radiologic manifestations. Imaging findings need to be considered in the context of clinical history in corroboration with radiologic-pathologic correlation. The authors discuss the specific imaging and pathologic characteristics of various genitourinary tract soft-tissue sarcomas, emphasizing diagnostic difficulties and differential diagnoses. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.

Hyaline and Cystic Degeneration of Uterine Leiomyomas: CT and MR Imaging with Histopathological Sample Analyses

Leiomyomas are the most common solid benign uterine neoplasms; they are usually asymptomatic and are identified incidentally. Yet, responsive to stimulation by estrogens, leiomyomas may expand, potentially outgrowing their blood supply to undergo hemorrhage, fibrosis, calcification, and atrophy. These pathologic mechanisms commonly lead to leiomyomas degeneration, i.e., red, hyaline, cystic, or myxoid. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most accurate imaging technique for the characterization of leiomyomas. In cases of degeneration, variable features on T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced images can be found. With no recent radiologic pathologic correlation literature available on this matter, herewith, we provide computed tomography (CT)/MR imaging along with histopathological specimens of two young women who were diagnosed with hyaline or hyaline and cyst degeneration of uterine leiomyomas at our university hospital. We report on the imaging features of uterine leiomyomas using CT and MR imaging and discuss the available literature on imaging signs that may be suggestive of hyaline or cyst degeneration using either of the imaging examination methods.