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Ali SA, Niaz S, Nasreen N, Khan A, Shafeeq S, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Safi WA, Zaki MA, De La Fuente J, Ben Said M. Temporal and spatial patterns of Trichuris trichiura eggs: a potential threat to human health in Pakistan. Helminthologia 2024; 61:11-19. [PMID: 38659469 PMCID: PMC11038264 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2024-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the presence of Trichuris trichiura eggs in soil samples collected from urban areas in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 3600 soil samples were collected over two years from Lahore's urban regions. The detection of helminth eggs in these samples was performed using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a diagnostic technique. The study reveals an overall prevalence rate of T. trichiura at 0.97 % (35 out of 3600) in the contaminated soil samples from Lahore's slum areas. When analyzing the data by geographical areas, the study found the highest prevalence of T. trichiura in Allama Iqbal Town (1.83 %, 11 out of 600), followed by Samanabad (1.16 %, 7 out of 600), Wapda Town (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), Gulberg (1.00 %, 6 out of 600), and Cantt (0.50 %, 3 out of 600). Conversely, Valencia Town had the lowest prevalence rate at 0.33 % (2 out of 600). However, these variations in prevalence rates were not statistically significant (p = 0.117). Prevalence rates of T. trichiura's eggs varied significantly across different sampling seasons (p>0.001). In autumn, a total of 900 soil samples were collected, with 19 samples (2.11 %) testing positive for T. trichiura. This rate was notably higher compared to the prevalence rates observed in winter, spring, and summer, which were 0.66 %, 0.22 %, and 0.88 %, respectively. Regarding the sampling months, the study observed a significantly higher prevalence during September (3.33 %, 10 out of 300), followed by October (2.33 %, 7 out of 300), and August (1.33 %, 4 out of 300). Prevalence rates gradually decreased in other months, ranging from 1 % to 0.33 % (3 to 1 out of 300), with no parasite detection in March (0 %, 0 out of 300) (p < 0.001). This research underscores soil contamination due to fecal waste and highlights public unawareness of parasite biology, driven by open defecation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S. Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N. Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - A. Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - S. Shafeeq
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - L. Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinariaen Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla, No. 8534, Col. Progreso, CP62550Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - M. A. Zaki
- Shaukat Khanum Hospital, Lahore -03004246819, Pakistan
| | - J. De La Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK74078, USA
| | - M. Ben Said
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba2010, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology at the National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba2010, Tunisia
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Chung CY, Huynh KN, Khoshpouri P, Muñoz Durán JA. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Ascariasis. Radiographics 2023; 43:e230049. [PMID: 37471244 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Y Chung
- From the Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (C.Y.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Orange, Calif (K.N.H.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (P.K.); and Department of Radiology, CES University, Clínica Panamericana, Apartadó, Colombia (J.A.M.D.)
| | - Kenneth N Huynh
- From the Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (C.Y.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Orange, Calif (K.N.H.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (P.K.); and Department of Radiology, CES University, Clínica Panamericana, Apartadó, Colombia (J.A.M.D.)
| | - Parisa Khoshpouri
- From the Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (C.Y.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Orange, Calif (K.N.H.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (P.K.); and Department of Radiology, CES University, Clínica Panamericana, Apartadó, Colombia (J.A.M.D.)
| | - Julián Andrés Muñoz Durán
- From the Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 1st Ave, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (C.Y.C.); Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Orange, Calif (K.N.H.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (P.K.); and Department of Radiology, CES University, Clínica Panamericana, Apartadó, Colombia (J.A.M.D.)
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Del Toro C, Cabrera-Aguirre A, Casillas J, Ivanovic A, Scortegagna E, Estanga I, Alessandrino F. Imaging spectrum of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions of the duodenum: a pictorial review. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:2237-2257. [PMID: 37099183 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Given its crucial location at the crossroads of the gastrointestinal tract, the hepatobiliary system and the splanchnic vessels, the duodenum can be affected by a wide spectrum of abnormalities. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, in conjunction with endoscopy, are often performed to evaluate these conditions, and several duodenal pathologies can be identified on fluoroscopic studies. Since many conditions affecting this organ are asymptomatic, the role of imaging cannot be overemphasized. In this article we will review the imaging features of many conditions affecting the duodenum, focusing on cross-sectional imaging studies, including congenital malformations, such as annular pancreas and intestinal malrotation; vascular pathologies, such as superior mesenteric artery syndrome; inflammatory and infectious conditions; trauma; neoplasms and iatrogenic complications. Because of the complexity of the duodenum, familiarity with the duodenal anatomy and physiology as well as the imaging features of the plethora of conditions affecting this organ is crucial to differentiate those conditions that could be managed medically from the ones that require intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Casillas
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, 1611 NW 12Th Ave, West Wing 279, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Aleksandar Ivanovic
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Radiology and MRI, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Indira Estanga
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, 1611 NW 12Th Ave, West Wing 279, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Francesco Alessandrino
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Health System, 1611 NW 12Th Ave, West Wing 279, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Resurgence of intestinal ascariasis among adults: radiological diagnosis and clinical implications. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:915-922. [PMID: 35015117 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To report the radiological features of intestinal ascariasis and to review the clinical implications of this re-emerging disease for adult population of the USA. This retrospective observational study involved 12 adult patients, whose radiological examinations disclosed unsuspected presence of ascaris in their intestinal tract. They were evaluated by computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast, small bowel series with barium, and magnetic resonance enterography. This series included 7 men and 5 women, who ranged in age from 19 to 72 years (mean age 48 years). The typical configuration of ascaris within the bowel loops was demonstrated on CT of the abdomen in 5 patients, small bowel examination with barium in 3, and by MR enterography in another 4 cases. Our study highlights the radiological appearances of intestinal ascariasis and the clinical implications of this resurging disease. The practicing radiologists should be aware of these findings, particularly when examining patients who have immigrated from or traveled to the endemic regions.
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Patel RK, Mittal S. Hepatic larva migrans presenting with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: A case report. SA J Radiol 2021; 25:2200. [PMID: 34917409 PMCID: PMC8661284 DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral larva migrans (VLM) occurs because of a host inflammatory response to the migrating larvae of a nematode. Patients usually present with fever, hepatomegaly and abdominal pain; vascular arterial complications are uncommon. A 19-year female presented with fever, jaundice, abdominal discomfort and melena. Computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple discrete, clustered, complex hepatic cystic lesions consistent with VLM, along with an arterial pseudoaneurysm from the right hepatic artery which was managed with endovascular coil embolisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Patel
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Mittal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Ünal E, Arslan S, Onur MR, Akpinar E. Parasitic diseases as a cause of acute abdominal pain: imaging findings. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:86. [PMID: 32691171 PMCID: PMC7371776 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute abdominal pain can be seen in cases with parasitic diseases delivered to emergency departments. The diagnosis of the parasitic disease can be delayed because of the similar clinical signs encountered in other frequently seen causes of acute abdomen. Nevertheless, the features detected in imaging scans can be helpful in the diagnosis. The present study aims to raise awareness about abdominal parasitosis in emergency conditions and also to underline the association between imaging findings and the life cycle of parasites with illustrative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ünal
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sevtap Arslan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ruhi Onur
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Akpinar
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Roy S, Lyndem LM. An in vitro confirmation of the ethonopharmacological use of Senna plants as anthelmintic against rumen fluke Paramphistomum gracile. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:360. [PMID: 31640708 PMCID: PMC6805354 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paramphistomosis is a pathogenic disease of domesticated ruminants, causing great economic loss in dairy industry and meat production. It is considered as a neglected tropical disease with highest prevalence throughout tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. There are few trematocidal drugs available in the market. Most are resistant and have elevated side effects. Therefore, alternative trematocidal drugs need to discover. This study was conducted to evaluate three plants leaf extracts (from Senna alata, S. alexandrina, and S. occidentalis) as effective remedies against gastrointestinal trematode parasite (Paramphistomum gracile) of ruminants. Live adult parasites were collected in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) from fresh autopsied goat's rumen. Parasites were incubated in leaf extracts of S. alata, S. alexandrina and, S. occidentalis individually and in combination (1:1) ratio at 37 ± 1°C. Treatment media contain extracts at different concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg/mL) in 10 mL of 0.1 M PBS with 1% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Parasites in control group were incubated in PBS without extract. The efficacy of three Senna extracts was evaluated on the basis of dose-dependent motility and mortality of the trematode. Immediately after paralysis, all treated parasites were collected for histology, SEM and biochemical study. RESULTS Dose-dependent efficacy was observed in terms of motility and time of mortality in all treated parasites after exposure in various concentrations of the Senna plant extracts. S. occidentalis and S. alexandrina showed better efficacy in combination than comparing with individual treatment groups. Histological study and scanning electron microscopic observations revealed conspicuous deformity of surface architecture in all treated parasites. Scanning electron micrographs also revealed shrinkage, vacuolization, infoldings and blebbings on the body surface of treated worms. Activities of tegumental enzymes were inhibited in all treatment groups compared to control. CONCLUSION The overall findings from this study revealed that all three Senna leaf extracts individually and in combination showed potential antitrematocidal activity against Paramphistomum gracile by damaging body tegument and neural propagation. Thus, this study confirmed that all three Senna extracts can be considered as a potential drug-like candidate in indigenous system of traditional medicine against trematode infections in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Roy
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
| | - Larisha Mawkhlieng Lyndem
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
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The hepatoduodenal ligament revisited: cross-sectional imaging spectrum of non-neoplastic conditions. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1269-1294. [PMID: 30448917 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hepatoduodenal ligament is frequently involved by conditions affecting the portal triad and surrounding structures, including a vast array of non-neoplastic conditions. Due its unique location between the retroperitoneum and the peritoneal space, the hepatoduodenal ligament is also targeted by inflammatory conditions involving the retroperitoneum and the liver. Finally, the presence of lymphatics and of the biliary tracts makes the hepatoduodenal ligament a route of spread for a variety of infections. The purpose of this pictorial essay is twofold: to review the cross-sectional radiological anatomy and variants of the structures within the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to illustrate the non-neoplastic conditions that may arise within the hepatoduodenal ligament. CONCLUSION Familiarity with these specific entities and their cross-sectional imaging findings is fundamental for a more accurate diagnosis.
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Nepal P, Ojili V, Songmen S, Batchala P, Kumar D, Nagar AM. Multisystem imaging review of human schistosomiasis: characteristic imaging findings. Clin Imaging 2019; 54:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vasquez-Rios G, Pineda-Reyes R, Pineda-Reyes J, Marin R, Ruiz EF, Terashima A. Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome: a deeper understanding of a neglected disease. J Parasit Dis 2019; 43:167-175. [PMID: 31263320 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome (SHS) is a life-threatening condition that warrants early detection and management. We describe the pathogenesis, organ-specific clinical manifestations, and risk factors associated to this condition. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, EBSCO and SciELO by using the keywords: "hyperinfection syndrome"; "Strongyloides stercoralis"; "disseminated strongyloidiasis"; "systemic strongyloidiasis", "pathogenesis" and "pathophysiology". Relevant articles on this topic were evaluated and included by consensus. Also, a secondary search of the literature was performed. Articles in English and Spanish language were included. SHS has been described in tropical and sub-tropical regions. However, there is growing evidence of cases detected in developed countries favored by increasing migration and the advance in immunosuppressive therapies for oncologic and inflammatory diseases. SHS is characterized by massive multiplication of larvae, typically in immunocompromised hosts. Clinical manifestations vary according to the organ involved and include diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, alveolar hemorrhages, heart failure, jaundice, bacteremia among others. Despite advances in the understanding of this condition, fatality rates are near 90%. Clinicians should consider SHS in the differential diagnosis of acutely ill patients with multiple organ damage and epidemiological risk factors. Adverse outcomes are common, especially with delayed anti-parasitic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Vasquez-Rios
- 1Laboratory of Parasitology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Roberto Pineda-Reyes
- 1Laboratory of Parasitology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Pineda-Reyes
- 2Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Marin
- 2Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Eloy F Ruiz
- 1Laboratory of Parasitology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Angélica Terashima
- 1Laboratory of Parasitology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,2Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Mutombo PN, Man NWY, Nejsum P, Ricketson R, Gordon CA, Robertson G, Clements ACA, Chacón-Fonseca N, Nissapatorn V, Webster JP, McLaws ML. Diagnosis and drug resistance of human soil-transmitted helminth infections: A public health perspective. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 104:247-326. [PMID: 31030770 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections represent a major public health problem globally, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged populations. Detection of STH infections is often challenging, requiring a combination of diagnostic techniques to achieve acceptable sensitivity and specificity, particularly in low infection-intensity situations. The microscopy-based Kato-Katz remains the most widely used method but has low sensitivity in the detection of, for instance, Strongyloides spp. infections, among others. Antigen/antibody assays can be more sensitive but are parasite species-specific. Highly sensitive PCR methods have been developed to be multiplexed to allow multi-species detection. Novel diagnostic tests for all STH species are needed for effective monitoring, evaluation of chemotherapy programmes, and to assess the potential emergence of parasite resistance. This review discusses available diagnostic methods for the different stages of STH control programmes, which vary in sensitivity and spectrum of detection requirements, and tools to evaluate drug efficacy and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polydor Ngoy Mutombo
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nicola W Y Man
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert Ricketson
- Hale O'mana'o Biomedical Research, Division of Emerging Pathogens, Edmond, OK, United States
| | - Catherine A Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gemma Robertson
- Public and Environmental Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nathalie Chacón-Fonseca
- Soil-Transmitted Helminths Section, Tropical Medicine Institute, Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand; Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Joanne P Webster
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED), Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary-Louise McLaws
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Chandra P, Chakravarthy S, Jain D, Nath S. Hypermetabolic Diffuse Proximal Small Bowel Wall Thickening on Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography? Consider Strongyloidiasis among the Differentials. Indian J Nucl Med 2018; 33:368-369. [PMID: 30386068 PMCID: PMC6194780 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_96_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is an emerging tropical/subtropical parasitic infection commonly encountered in immunocompromised patients and often accompanied by life-threatening gram-negative bacteremia. We presented an interesting image of a critically ill 66-year-old lady, an asthmatic on high dose steroids, presenting with unexplained fever and vomiting where fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and endoscopic biopsy revealed this often neglected pathogenic nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Chandra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Pathology, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Nath
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rubin AK, Burk KS, Staller K, Kunitake H, Robbins GK, Deshpande V. Case 30-2018: A 66-Year-Old Woman with Chronic Abdominal Pain. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:1263-1272. [PMID: 30257156 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1802831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Rubin
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Kristine S Burk
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Kyle Staller
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Hiroko Kunitake
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Gregory K Robbins
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.K.R., K.S., G.K.R.), Radiology (K.S.B.), Surgery (H.K.), and Pathology (V.D.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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Frota Júnior JH, Pereira MAH, Lopes PGM, Matos LA, D'Ippolito G. Intestinal strongyloidiasis: radiological findings that support the diagnosis. Radiol Bras 2017; 50:137-138. [PMID: 28428660 PMCID: PMC5397008 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Acute pancreatitis due to ascariasis: a sonographic pictorial essay on four cases. Emerg Radiol 2016; 23:303-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10140-016-1394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Trichobilharzia regenti (Schistosomatidae): 3D imaging techniques in characterization of larval migration through the CNS of vertebrates. Micron 2016; 83:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lasarte A, Novas P, Ugarte M. Returning traveler with persistent diarrhea. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 29:e5-6. [PMID: 26655788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Lasarte
- Department of Radiology, Mendaro Hospital, Mendarozabal Kalea, s/n, 20850, Mendaro, Spain.
| | - Patricia Novas
- Basurto Universitary Hospital, Montevideo Etorb., 18, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Mario Ugarte
- Department of Radiology, Mendaro Hospital, Mendarozabal Kalea, s/n, 20850, Mendaro, Spain.
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Laroia ST, Rastogi A, Bihari C, Bhadoria AS, Sarin SK. Hepatic visceral larva migrans, a resilient entity on imaging: Experience from a tertiary liver center. Trop Parasitol 2016; 6:56-68. [PMID: 26998435 PMCID: PMC4778184 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.175100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic visceral larva migrans (VLM) is an uncommon parasitic manifestation seen in the liver. It presents as coalescing, conglomerated, or solitary abscess cavities in the liver on imaging. We conducted a retrospective clinico-radiological analysis of 24 patients with biopsy proven VLM who were reviewed and followed up at our tertiary liver institute over a period of 4 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed to correlate the radiological features and imaging response to therapy for hepatic VLM. The disease course, imaging findings, progressive, absolute eosinophil counts (AEC), hydatid serology, and the extent of radiological regression of the liver lesions, on follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS Imaging showed a diagnostic accuracy of 42%. Hydatid serology was positive in 46% patients before starting treatment. The median pretreatment AEC of 507 showed a significant posttreatment AEC decline to median value of 117. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed significant decline in the AEC (P < 0.001). Radiological regression was present in all lesions. However, patients showed residual abscesses on imaging, up to 2 years on follow-up. CONCLUSION This study reveals that AEC has a significant predictive value in diagnosis and as a marker for disease regression. Complete radiological resolution of hepatic lesions does not correlate with total clinical remission. This finding warrants the need for further studies to look into the role of prolonged medical therapy or surgery as an alternate to current therapy module in cases of hepatic visceral larva abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Hepato Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chhagan Bihari
- Department of Hepato Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Singh Bhadoria
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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19
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Njaanake KH, Vennervald BJ, Simonsen PE, Madsen H, Mukoko DA, Kimani G, Jaoko WG, Estambale BB. Schistosoma haematobium and soil-transmitted Helminths in Tana Delta District of Kenya: infection and morbidity patterns in primary schoolchildren from two isolated villages. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:57. [PMID: 26842961 PMCID: PMC4739089 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomes and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) (hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides) are widely distributed in developing countries where they infect over 230 million and 1.5 billion people, respectively. The parasites are frequently co-endemic and many individuals are co-infected with two or more of the species, but information on how the parasites interact in co-infected individuals is scarce. The present study assessed Schistosoma haematobium and STH infection and morbidity patterns among school children in a hyper-endemic focus in the Tana River delta of coastal Kenya. METHODS Two hundred and sixty-two children aged 5-12 years from two primary schools were enrolled in the study. For each child, urine was examined for S. haematobium eggs and haematuria, stool was examined for STH eggs, peripheral blood was examined for eosinophilia and haemoglobin level, the urinary tract was ultrasound-examined for S. haematobium-related pathology, and the height and weight was measured and used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Prevalences of S. haematobium, hookworm, T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides infection were 94, 81, 88 and 46 %, respectively. There was no significant association between S. haematobium and STH infection but intensity of hookworm infection significantly increased with that of T. trichiura. Lower BMI scores were associated with high intensity of S. haematobium (difference =-0.48, p > 0.05) and A. lumbricoides (difference =-0.67, p < 0.05). Haematuria (both macro and micro) was common and associated with S. haematobium infection, while anaemia was associated with high intensity of S. haematobium (OR = 2.08, p < 0.05) and high hookworm infections OR = 4.75; p < 0.001). The majority of children had eosinophilia, which was significantly associated with high intensity of hookworm infection (OR = 5.34, p < 0.05). Overall 38 % of the children had ultrasound-detectable urinary tract morbidity, which was associated with high intensity of S. haematobium infection (OR = 3.13, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Prevalences of S. haematobium and STH infections among the primary school children were high and the parasites were responsible for significant morbidity. A clear synergistic interaction was observed between hookworm and T. trichiura infections. Increased coverage in administration of praziquantel and albendazole in the area is recommended to control morbidity due to these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariuki H Njaanake
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Birgitte J Vennervald
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Paul E Simonsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Henry Madsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Dunstan A Mukoko
- Division of Vector Borne & Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation, P.O. Box 54840-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Gachuhi Kimani
- Centre for Biotechnology Research & Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Walter G Jaoko
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Benson B Estambale
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.
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Gemmell A. Toxocariasis as a cause of multiple pulmonary nodules in a paediatric patient. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-207073. [PMID: 25564589 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gemmell
- Department of Radiology, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Devon, UK
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21
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Paveley RA, Bickle QD. Automated imaging and other developments in whole-organism anthelmintic screening. Parasite Immunol 2014; 35:302-13. [PMID: 23581722 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections still represent a huge public health problem throughout the developing world and in the absence of vaccines control is based on periodic mass drug administration. Poor efficacy of some anthelmintics and concerns about emergence of drug resistance has highlighted the need for new drug discovery. Most current anthelmintics were discovered through in vivo screening of selected compounds in animal models but recent approaches have shifted towards screening for activity against adult or larval stages in vitro. Larvae are normally available in greater numbers than adults, can often be produced in vitro and are small enough for microplate assays. However, the manual visualization of drug effects in vitro is subjective, laborious and slow. This can be overcome by application of automated readouts including high-content imaging. Incorporated into robotically controlled HTS platforms such methods allow the very large compound collections being made available by the pharmaceutical industry or academic organizations to be screened against helminths for the first time, invigorating the drug discovery pipeline. Here, we review the status of whole-organism screens based on in vitro activity against living worms and highlight the recent progress towards automated image-based readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Paveley
- Department of Infection and Immunity, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Muthyala S, Krishna KV, Kishan TV, Sri Bhuvana N, Moorthy RS. Masseteric cysticercosis with abscess formation: A diagnostic dilemma. Med J Armed Forces India 2013; 71:S148-51. [PMID: 26265813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Muthyala
- Junior Resident (Radiology), Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kotha Vamshi Krishna
- Assistant Professor (Radiology), Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tatikonda Venkat Kishan
- Senior Resident (Radiology), Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nuthalapati Sri Bhuvana
- Junior Resident (Radiology), Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R S Moorthy
- Professor and Head (Radiology), Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Not-to-tap cystic lesions: spectrum of hydatid disease. Emerg Radiol 2013; 20:553-61. [PMID: 23748968 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-013-1137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydatid disease (HD) may occur almost anywhere in the body. Despite their characteristic radiologic manifestations at times, they may enlarge and produce bizarre imaging features which make diagnosis challenging, particularly for those radiologists working in areas of low incidence. Plain radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging may demonstrate some of the typical imaging manifestations of HD as well as its exact extension. On the other hand, particular caution is required before any kind of interventions to be done in that biopsy or aspiration of such lesions may cause devastating consequences, in particular anaphylactic shock. Hence, being familiar with various radiologic features of HD is essential in improving diagnostic accuracy and also preventing adverse reactions in these patients. The purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate the different radiological features of HD in various organs.
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Najeeb-ur-Rehman, Mehmood MH, Al-Rehaily AJ, Mothana RAA, Gilani AH. Species and tissue-specificity of prokinetic, laxative and spasmodic effects of Fumaria parviflora. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:16. [PMID: 22405321 PMCID: PMC3324389 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Fumaria parviflora Linn. (Fumariaceae), is a small branched annual herb found in many parts of the world including Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. This study was designed to provide pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Fumaria parviflora in gut motility disorders. Methods The in-vivo prokinetic and laxative assays were conducted in mice. Isolated intestinal preparations (ileum and jejunum) from different animal species (mouse, guinea-pig and rabbit) were separately suspended in tissue baths containing Tyrode's solution bubbled with carbogen and maintained at 37°C. The spasmogenic responses were recorded using isotonic transducers coupled with PowerLab data acquisition system. Results The aqueous-methanol extract of Fumaria parviflora (Fp.Cr), which tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and anthraquinones showed partially atropine-sensitive prokinetic and laxative activities in the in-vivo in mice at 30 and 100 mg/kg. In the in-vitro studies, Fp.Cr (0.01-1 mg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent atropine-sensitive stimulatory effect both in mouse tissues (jejunum and ileum), and rabbit jejunum but had no effect in rabbit ileum. In guinea-pig tissues (ileum and jejunum), the crude extract showed a concentration-dependent stimulatory effect with higher efficacy in ileum and the effect was partially blocked by atropine, indicating the involvement of more than one types of gut-stimulant components (atropine-sensitive and insensitive). This could be a plausible reason for the greater efficacy of Fp.Cr in gut preparations of guinea-pig than in rabbit or mouse. Conclusions This study shows the prokinetic, laxative and spasmodic effects of the plant extract partially mediated through cholinergic pathways with species and tissue-selectivity, and provides a sound rationale for the medicinal use of Fumaria parviflora in gut motility disorders such as, indigestion and constipation. This study also suggests using different species to know better picture of pharmacological profile of the test material.
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Sinha R, Rajesh A, Rawat S, Rajiah P, Ramachandran I. Infections and infestations of the gastrointestinal tract. Part 2: parasitic and other infections. Clin Radiol 2011; 67:495-504. [PMID: 22169349 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the imaging findings of various parasitic infestations and other miscellaneous infections affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Barium examinations play an important role in the diagnostic workup of parasitic intestinal infections. Knowledge of differential diagnosis, sites of involvement, and imaging features of different infections and infestations can help in accurate diagnosis and guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sinha
- Department of Clinical Radiology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK.
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Escobedo G, Camacho-Arroyo I, Nava-Luna P, Olivos A, Pérez-Torres A, Leon-Cabrera S, Carrero J, Morales-Montor J. Progesterone induces mucosal immunity in a rodent model of human taeniosis by Taenia solium. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:1443-56. [PMID: 22110394 PMCID: PMC3221950 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
More than one quarter of human world's population is exposed to intestinal helminth parasites. The Taenia solium tapeworm carrier is the main risk factor in the transmission of both human neurocysticercosis and porcine cysticercosis. Sex steroids play an important role during T. solium infection, particularly progesterone has been proposed as a key immunomodulatory hormone involved in susceptibility to human taeniosis in woman and cysticercosis in pregnant pigs. Thus, we evaluated the effect of progesterone administration upon the experimental taeniosis in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Intact female adult hamsters were randomly divided into 3 groups: progesterone-subcutaneously treated; olive oil-treated as the vehicle group; and untreated controls. Animals were treated every other day during 4 weeks. After 2 weeks of treatment, all hamsters were orally infected with 4 viable T. solium cysticerci. After 2 weeks post infection, progesterone-treated hamsters showed reduction in adult worm recovery by 80%, compared to both vehicle-treated and non-manipulated infected animals. In contrast to control and vehicle groups, progesterone treatment diminished tapeworm length by 75% and increased proliferation rate of leukocytes from spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected hamsters by 5-fold. The latter exhibited high expression levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α at the duodenal mucosa, accompanied with polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration. These results support that progesterone protects hamsters from the T. solium adult tapeworm establishment by improving the intestinal mucosal immunity, suggesting a potential use of analogues of this hormone as novel inductors of the gut immune response against intestinal helminth infections and probably other bowel-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galileo Escobedo
- 1. Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Hospital General de México, México D.F. 06726, México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- 2. Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Paul Nava-Luna
- 3. Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Alfonso Olivos
- 4. Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital General de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 06726, México
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- 5. Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Sonia Leon-Cabrera
- 6. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - J.C. Carrero
- 3. Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- 3. Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
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Chandrashekhara SH, Sharma R, Arora R. Periportal hypodensity on CT: significance and differential diagnosis of an overlooked sign. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:247-53. [PMID: 21316329 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Chandrashekhara
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029 New Delhi, India
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