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Li Q, Dou M, Liu H, Jia P, Wang X, Geng X, Zhang Y, Yang R, Li J, Yang W, Yao C, Zhang X, Lei D, Yang C, Hao Q, Liu Y, Guo Z, Geng Z, Zhang D. Prediction of neoplastic gallbladder polyps in patients with different age level based on preoperative ultrasound: a multi-center retrospective real-world study. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:146. [PMID: 38689244 PMCID: PMC11059696 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of neoplastic polyps in gallbladder polyps (GPs) increases sharply with age and is associated with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). This study aims to predict neoplastic polyps and provide appropriate treatment strategies based on preoperative ultrasound features in patients with different age level. METHODS According to the age classification of WHO, 1523 patients with GPs who underwent cholecystectomy from January 2015 to December 2019 at 11 tertiary hospitals in China were divided into young adults group (n=622), middle-aged group (n=665) and elderly group (n=236). Linear scoring models were established based on independent risk variables screened by the Logistic regression model in different age groups. The area under ROC (AUC) to evaluate the predictive ability of linear scoring models, long- and short- diameter of GPs. RESULTS Independent risk factors for neoplastic polyps included the number of polyps, polyp size (long diameter), and fundus in the young adults and elderly groups, while the number of polyps, polyp size (long diameter), and polyp size (short diameter) in the middle-aged groups. In different age groups, the AUCs of its linear scoring model were higher than the AUCs of the long- and short- diameter of GPs for differentiating neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps (all P<0.05), and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed that the prediction accuracy of the linear scoring models was higher than the long- and short- diameter of GPs (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION The linear scoring models of the young adults, middle-aged and elderly groups can effectively distinguish neoplastic polyps from non-neoplastic polyps based on preoperative ultrasound features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Minghui Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hengchao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Pengbo Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang City, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Xintuan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang City, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Xilin Geng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Hospital of Hanzhong City, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Chunhe Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Da Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Hospital of Baoji City, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721000, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Central Hospital of Ankang City, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Qiwei Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Yulin City, Yulin, Shaanxi, 719000, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Baoji City, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721000, China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Baoji City, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721000, China
| | - Zhimin Geng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Wang K, Xu Q, Xia L, Sun J, Shen K, Liu H, Xu L, Li R. Diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder polypoid lesions: Current practices and future prospects. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-00979. [PMID: 38420780 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPLs) refer to any elevated lesion of the mucosal surface of the gallbladder wall, and the prevalence is estimated to be between 0.9% and 12.1%. GPLs include benign polyps and malignant polyps. Benign polyps are further classified as non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign polyps and adenocarcinoma is the main type of malignant polyp. Hepatitis B virus infection, liver function abnormalities, dyslipidemia, and obesity are the main risk factors for GPLs. Studies of biological mechanisms have focused on malignant gallbladder polyps, the development of which is regulated by hormone levels in vivo , gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, Salmonella typhimurium , and related molecules. Diagnostic modalities include chemical examination and imaging examination, with imaging examination currently being the mainstay. Treatment of patients with GPLs is based on the presence or absence of symptoms, age, size of the polyps, tendency of the polyp to increase, and risk factors for symptomatic malignancy to determine whether surgery should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215026, China
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Takahashi K, Ozawa E, Shimakura A, Mori T, Miyaaki H, Nakao K. Recent Advances in Endoscopic Ultrasound for Gallbladder Disease Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:374. [PMID: 38396413 PMCID: PMC10887964 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder (GB) disease is classified into two broad categories: GB wall-thickening and protuberant lesions, which include various lesions, such as adenomyomatosis, cholecystitis, GB polyps, and GB carcinoma. This review summarizes recent advances in the differential diagnosis of GB lesions, focusing primarily on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and related technologies. Fundamental B-mode EUS and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) have been reported to be useful for the diagnosis of GB diseases because they can evaluate the thickening of the GB wall and protuberant lesions in detail. We also outline the current status of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for GB lesions, as there have been scattered reports on EUS-FNA in recent years. Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, ranging from machine learning to deep learning, have become popular in healthcare for disease diagnosis, drug discovery, drug development, and patient risk identification. In this review, we outline the current status of AI in the diagnosis of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (E.O.); (T.M.); (H.M.); (K.N.)
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Bonde AA, Virarkar M, Zahid M, Jaganathan S, Menendez MJ, Calimano L, Foster BR, Fritze D, Thomas CL, Gupta P. Imaging update on gallbladder adenomyomatosis and its mimics. Clin Imaging 2024; 105:109997. [PMID: 37989017 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Radiologists across many imaging modalities commonly encounter gallbladder adenomyomatosis. The classic imaging appearances of gallbladder adenomyomatosis are well described and confirm benignity. However, in clinical practice, adenomyomatosis can be challenging to differentiate from other gallbladder pathologies that require cholecystectomy. In this article, we describe the common and uncommon appearances of gallbladder adenomyomatosis on multimodality imaging, helping differentiate adenomyomatosis from non-benign gallbladder abnormalities. Accurately differentiating adenomyomatosis from its mimics provides the surgical team with important clinical and surgical management information, improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva A Bonde
- University of Texas Health, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Mayur Virarkar
- University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, United States of America.
| | - Mohd Zahid
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States of America
| | | | - Manuel J Menendez
- University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, United States of America.
| | - Luis Calimano
- University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, United States of America.
| | - Bryan R Foster
- Oregon Health and Science University, United States of America.
| | - Danielle Fritze
- University of Texas Health, San Antonio, United States of America.
| | | | - Pankaj Gupta
- Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, United States of America
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5
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Wang LF, Wang Q, Mao F, Xu SH, Sun LP, Wu TF, Zhou BY, Yin HH, Shi H, Zhang YQ, Li XL, Sun YK, Lu D, Tang CY, Yuan HX, Zhao CK, Xu HX. Risk stratification of gallbladder masses by machine learning-based ultrasound radiomics models: a prospective and multi-institutional study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:8899-8911. [PMID: 37470825 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of machine learning (ML)-based ultrasound (US) radiomics models for risk stratification of gallbladder (GB) masses. METHODS We prospectively examined 640 pathologically confirmed GB masses obtained from 640 patients between August 2019 and October 2022 at four institutions. Radiomics features were extracted from grayscale US images and germane features were selected. Subsequently, 11 ML algorithms were separately used with the selected features to construct optimum US radiomics models for risk stratification of the GB masses. Furthermore, we compared the diagnostic performance of these models with the conventional US and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) models. RESULTS The optimal XGBoost-based US radiomics model for discriminating neoplastic from non-neoplastic GB lesions showed higher diagnostic performance in terms of areas under the curves (AUCs) than the conventional US model (0.822-0.853 vs. 0.642-0.706, p < 0.05) and potentially decreased unnecessary cholecystectomy rate in a speculative comparison with performing cholecystectomy for lesions sized over 10 mm (2.7-13.8% vs. 53.6-64.9%, p < 0.05) in the validation and test sets. The AUCs of the XGBoost-based US radiomics model for discriminating carcinomas from benign GB lesions were higher than the conventional US model (0.904-0.979 vs. 0.706-0.766, p < 0.05). The XGBoost-US radiomics model performed better than the CEUS model in discriminating GB carcinomas (AUC: 0.995 vs. 0.902, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The proposed ML-based US radiomics models possess the potential capacity for risk stratification of GB masses and may reduce the unnecessary cholecystectomy rate and use of CEUS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The machine learning-based ultrasound radiomics models have potential for risk stratification of gallbladder masses and may potentially reduce unnecessary cholecystectomies. KEY POINTS • The XGBoost-based US radiomics models are useful for the risk stratification of GB masses. • The XGBoost-based US radiomics model is superior to the conventional US model for discriminating neoplastic from non-neoplastic GB lesions and may potentially decrease unnecessary cholecystectomy rate for lesions sized over 10 mm in comparison with the current consensus guideline. • The XGBoost-based US radiomics model could overmatch CEUS model in discriminating GB carcinomas from benign GB lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Education and Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Hao Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Education and Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Fan Wu
- Bayer Healthcare, Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Yang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Hao Yin
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Education and Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Education and Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Kang Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong-Yu Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (Qingpu Branch), Shanghai, China.
| | - Chong-Ke Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Xiong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Konstantinoff KS, Feister KF, Mellnick VM. RadioGraphics Update: New Follow-up and Management Recommendations for Polypoid Lesions of the Gallbladder. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220189. [PMID: 36757883 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Editor's Note.-RadioGraphics Update articles supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in RadioGraphics. These updates, written by at least one author of the previous article, provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new informaion such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina S Konstantinoff
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Katharina F Feister
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Vincent M Mellnick
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110
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Riddell ZC, Corallo C, Albazaz R, Foley KG. Gallbladder polyps and adenomyomatosis. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20220115. [PMID: 35731858 PMCID: PMC9975534 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidental findings are commonly detected during examination of the gallbladder. Differentiating benign from malignant lesions is critical because of the poor prognosis associated with gallbladder malignancy. Therefore, it is important that radiologists and sonographers are aware of common incidental gallbladder findings, which undoubtedly will continue to increase with growing medical imaging use. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used to examine the gallbladder and biliary tree, but contrast-enhanced ultrasound and MRI are increasingly used. This review article focuses on two common incidental findings in the gallbladder; adenomyomatosis and gallbladder polyps. The imaging features of these conditions will be reviewed and compared between radiological modalities, and the pathology, epidemiology, natural history, and management will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena C Riddell
- National Imaging Academy of Wales (NIAW), Bridgend, United Kingdom
| | - Carmelo Corallo
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, England
| | - Raneem Albazaz
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, England
| | - Kieran G Foley
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
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Inzunza M, Irarrazaval MJ, Pozo P, Pimentel F, Crovari F, Ibañez L. GALLBLADDER POLYPS: CORRELATION AND AGREEMENT BETWEEN ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN A POPULATION WITH HIGH INCIDENCE OF GALLBLADDER CANCER. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA : ABCD = BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY 2023; 36:e1732. [PMID: 37162074 PMCID: PMC10168665 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020230002e1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder polyps are becoming a common finding in ultrasound. The management has to consider the potential risk of malignant lesions. AIMS The aim of this study was to analyze the ultrasound findings in patients undergoing cholecystectomy due to gallbladder polyps and compare them for histopathological findings (HPs). METHODS Patients with an ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder polyp and who underwent cholecystectomy from 2007 to 2020 were included in the study. RESULTS A total of 447 patients were included, of whom 58% were women. The mean age was 45±12 years. The mean size of polyps in US was 7.9±3.6 mm. Notably, 9% of polyps were greater than 10 mm, and single polyps were significantly larger than the multiple ones (p=0.003). Histopathological findings confirmed the presence of polyps in 88.4%, with a mean size of 4.8±3.4 mm. In all, 16 cases were neoplastic polyps (4.1%), 4 of them being malignancies, and all were single and larger than 10 mm. We found a significant correlation between ultrasound and histopathological findings polyp size determination (r=0.44; p<0.001). The Bland-Altman analysis obtained an overestimation of the US size of 3.26 mm. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis between both measures obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95%CI 0.74-0.81). Ultrasound polyps size larger than 10 mm had an odds ratio (OR) of 8.147 (95%CI 2.56-23.40) for the presence of adenoma and malignancy, with a likelihood ratio of 2.78. CONCLUSIONS There is a positive correlation and appropriate diagnostic accuracy between ultrasound size of gallbladder polyps compared to histopathological records, with a trend to overestimate the size by about 3 mm. Neoplastic polyps are uncommon, and it correlates with size. Polyps larger than 10 mm were associated with adenoma and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Inzunza
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Digestive Surgery - Santiago, Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Faculty of Medicine - Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Paloma Pozo
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Faculty of Medicine - Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Pimentel
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Digestive Surgery - Santiago, Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Faculty of Medicine - Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Crovari
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Digestive Surgery - Santiago, Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Faculty of Medicine - Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Ibañez
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Digestive Surgery - Santiago, Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Faculty of Medicine - Santiago, Chile
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Liu J, Qian Y, Yang F, Huang S, Chen G, Yu J, Jiang S, Huang G. Value of prediction model in distinguishing gallbladder adenoma from cholesterol polyp. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1893-1900. [PMID: 35750491 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Gallbladder adenomatous polyp is a pre-cancerous neoplasm, and it is difficult to classify from cholesterol polyps before cholecystectomy. The study aimed to clarify the risk characteristics of gallbladder adenomas and establish a prediction model to differentiate gallbladder adenomas from cholesterol polyp lesions. METHODS From May 2019 to December 2021, the patients underwent cholecystectomy in the Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. According to the permanent pathology test, the patients were divided into adenomas and cholesterol polyps groups. All the included cases received ultrasound equipment examinations before cholecystectomy and their clinical information were completely recorded. Then the patients' baseline characteristics and ultrasound imaging variables were analyzed by logistic regression. Finally, a predictive model for gallbladder adenomas will be established and assessed based on the independent risk factors. RESULTS A total of 423 cases including 296 cholesterol polyps and 127 gallbladder adenomas were analyzed in detail. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that solitary polyp lesion (OR = 2.954, 95% CI 1.759-4.960, P < 0.001), the maximal diameter of lesions (OR = 1.244, 95% CI 1.169-1.324, P < 0.001), and irregular shape of polyp lesions (OR = 5.549, 95% CI 1.979-15.560, P = 0.001) were the independent predictive factors of gallbladder adenomas. According to the results, regression equation of logit(P) = -3.828 + 1.083*number of gallbladder polyps lesions (GPLs) + 0.218*diameter of GPLs + 1.714*shape of GPLs was established. Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.828 (95% CI 0.782-0.874, P < 0.001). When logit P > 0.204, the sensitivity of estimating adenoma was 79.5%, the specificity of recognizing adenoma was 70.6%, and the whole correct ratio was 73.3%. While the AUC of diameter (10 mm) being a predictive factor in this study was only 0.790 (95% CI 0.741-0.839, P < 0.001). And the sensitivity and specificity of 10 mm as the optimal diagnostic cutoff value to diagnose adenomas were 74.8% and 65.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of solitary polyp lesion, larger diameter, and irregular morphology feature of polyp lesions were significantly related to gallbladder adenomas. And the predictive model established in the study can effectively identify adenomas from cholesterol polyps and help patients to select the optimal treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Youwen Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Sunhua Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
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Tamura T, Ashida R, Kitano M. The usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder lesions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:957557. [PMID: 36106323 PMCID: PMC9465250 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.957557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder tumors are neoplastic lesions; however, it can be difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant gall bladder tumors before surgery, although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is useful for differentiation. Fundamental B mode EUS (FB-EUS) and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) are reported to be useful for the diagnosis of gallbladder tumor because they allow evaluation of polypoid lesion and gallbladder wall thickening. Scoring systems based on FB-EUS imaging are available for the diagnosis of malignant gallbladder polypoid lesions. The characteristic findings of malignant gallbladder polypoid lesions on CH-EUS include the presence of irregular intratumoral vessels and perfusion defects. The characteristic findings of malignant gallbladder wall thickening on FB-EUS include wall thickening >12 mm, hypoechoic internal echogenicity, inhomogeneous internal echo pattern, and disrupted wall layer, whereas CH-EUS findings include hypovascular enhancement and inhomogeneous contrast distribution pattern. In addition, FB-EUS and CH-EUS are useful for evaluating the stage of gallbladder carcinoma because they allow the evaluation of the depth of invasion of the gallbladder wall. It is usually difficult to obtain pathological evidence from gallbladder tumors before surgery and chemotherapy, even though the histological diagnosis is necessary for determining treatment policy. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is useful for obtaining pathological samples from gallbladder tumors before surgery and chemotherapy. The accuracy rate of EUS-FNA for gallbladder tumor is as high as 90%, but complications such as bile leakage and needle track seeding can be a problem, although it was reported that contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging is useful for avoiding them.
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Zhang X, Wang J, Wu B, Li T, Jin L, Wu Y, Gao P, Zhang Z, Qin X, Zhu C. A nomogram-based model and ultrasonic radiomic features for gallbladder polyp classification. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1380-1388. [PMID: 35357026 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Gallbladder polyps (GBPs) are relatively common. Many studies have attempted to distinguish between benign and neoplastic GBPs to identify early-stage gallbladder carcinoma. We have established an accurate neoplastic predictive model and evaluated the effectiveness of radiomics in predicting malignancy in patients with GBPs. METHODS A total of 503 patients confirmed through postoperative pathology were included in this retrospective study. Clinical information and ultrasonographic findings were retrospectively analyzed. The model was constructed from independent risk factors using Spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis of a training cohort of 250 GBP patients, and its efficacy was verified using an internal validation group of 253 consecutive patients through the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The area of GBPs was delimited manually, and the texture features of ultrasound images were analyzed using correlation and ROC analysis. RESULTS Independent predictors, including age, gallstones, carcinoembryonic antigen, polyp size, and sessile shape, were incorporated into the nomogram model for the neoplastic potential of GBPs. Compared with other proposed prediction methods, the established nomogram model showed good discrimination ability in the training group (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.865) and validation group (AUC: 0.845). Regarding ultrasonic radiomics, the minimum caliper diameter was identified as the only independent predictor (AUC: 0.841). CONCLUSIONS Our preoperative nomogram model can successfully evaluate the neoplastic potential of GBPs using simple clinical data, and our study verified the use of radiomics in GBP identification, which may be valuable for avoiding unnecessary surgery in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoqiang Wu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Clinic College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Clinic College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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12
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Ghartimagar D, Shrestha MK, Ruwanpathirana RE, Purbe D, Mishra S. Incidental finding of a large polypoidal gallbladder mass diagnosed as papillary adenocarcinoma – A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 94:107046. [PMID: 35421724 PMCID: PMC9019258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Case presentation Clinical discussion Conclusion Polypoid lesions of gallbladder are discovered incidentally. Presenting symptoms are mostly nonspecific. Ultrasonography of abdomen on routine health check-up showed the lesion. Most of the lesions are benign in nature but few present with malignant features. Polyps larger than 1 cm in size have higher chance of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilasma Ghartimagar
- Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Science, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | | | | | - Dipika Purbe
- Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Science, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Sushil Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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13
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Zhang X, Wang J, Wu B, Li T, Jin L, Wu Y, Gao P, Zhang Z, Qin X, Zhu C. A Nomogram-based Model to Predict Neoplastic Risk for Patients with Gallbladder Polyps. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:263-272. [PMID: 35528981 PMCID: PMC9039700 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gallbladder polyp (GBP) assessment aims to identify the early stages of gallbladder carcinoma. Many studies have analyzed the risk factors for malignant GBPs. In this retrospective study, we aimed to establish a more accurate predictive model for potential neoplastic polyps in patients with GBPs. METHODS We developed a nomogram-based model in a training cohort of 233 GBP patients. Clinical information, ultrasonographic findings, and blood test findings were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors and establish the nomogram model. An internal validation was conducted in 225 consecutive patients. Performance and clinical benefit of the model were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. RESULTS Age, cholelithiasis, carcinoembryonic antigen, polyp size, and sessile shape were confirmed as independent predictors of GBP neoplastic potential in the training group. Compared with five other proposed prediction methods, the established nomogram model presented better discrimination of neoplastic GBPs in the training cohort (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.846) and the validation cohort (AUC: 0.835). DCA demonstrated that the greatest clinical benefit was provided by the nomogram compared with the other five methods. CONCLUSIONS Our developed preoperative nomogram model can successfully be used to evaluate the neoplastic potential of GBPs based on simple clinical variables that maybe useful for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Baoqiang Wu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence to: Xihu Qin and Chunfu Zhu, Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-1679 (XQ), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-5781 (CZ). Tel: +86-17301538687 (XQ) and 86-13961190702 (CZ), Fax: +86-0519-8811-5560, E-mail: (XQ) and (CZ)
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence to: Xihu Qin and Chunfu Zhu, Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, XingLong Road 29#, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-1679 (XQ), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-5781 (CZ). Tel: +86-17301538687 (XQ) and 86-13961190702 (CZ), Fax: +86-0519-8811-5560, E-mail: (XQ) and (CZ)
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14
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Lee J, Kang J, Heo S, Lee K, Yoon H. Case Report: Imaging Features of Gallbladder Sessile Polyp Confirmed by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography and Dynamic Computed Tomography in a Dog With Asymptomatic Chronic Cholecystitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:836414. [PMID: 35433918 PMCID: PMC9011056 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.836414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old dog was presented for health screening. It never suffered from any disease. Ultrasonography confirmed mass-like thickening with irregular margins protruding toward the gallbladder (GB) lumen. On contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and dynamic computed tomography (CT), contrast enhancement of the corresponding structures was confirmed in arterial phase. After cholecystectomy, cauliflower-like sessile polyps were identified. Histopathological examination revealed chronic lymphoplasmacytic cholecystitis. Bile culture revealed Escherichia coli growth. Our novel findings suggest that chronic cholecystitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis if contrast-enhanced sessile polyps of the GB are found on CEUS and dynamic CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Jinsu Kang
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Suyoung Heo
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Kichang Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Hakyoung Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hakyoung Yoon
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15
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Smoot T, Revels J, Soliman M, Liu P, Menias CO, Hussain HH, Savas H, Gaballah AH. Abdominal and pelvic splenosis: atypical findings, pitfalls, and mimics. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:923-947. [PMID: 35076742 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Splenosis is an acquired form of ectopic splenic tissue that typically arises after trauma or splenectomy. It is often an incidental image finding in an otherwise asymptomatic patient, but the spectrum of symptoms varies based on the site of implantation. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of splenosis to avoid mistaking it for malignancy. Splenosis has identical imaging features to that of the native spleen on US, CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine examinations. Therefore, when the radiologic findings support the diagnosis of splenosis, the patient can be spared invasive procedures for tissue sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Smoot
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Dr. Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Jonathan Revels
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Moataz Soliman
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 48109, USA
| | - Peter Liu
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Hero H Hussain
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hatice Savas
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 48109, USA
| | - Ayman H Gaballah
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Dr. Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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16
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Wang X, Zhu JA, Liu YJ, Liu YQ, Che DD, Niu SH, Gao S, Chen DB. Conventional Ultrasound Combined With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Differential Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cholesterol and Adenomatous Polyps (1-2 cm). JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:617-626. [PMID: 33938029 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine ultrasonic image characteristics that enable differentiation between cholesterol and adenomatous polyps and to assess the diagnostic efficacy of combining conventional ultrasound (CUS) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). METHODS Eighty-nine patients with gallbladder polyps of 1-2 cm in diameter were enrolled and examined by CUS and CEUS before cholecystectomy. The appearances on CUS and CEUS were recorded and analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the optimal size threshold for distinguishing cholesterol from adenomatous polyps. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify diagnostic variables. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the size, the independent variables, and the combined factors. RESULTS There were differences in size, number, vascularity on CUS and intralesional vascular shape, wash-out, and area under the curve on CEUS between the two groups (P < .05). ROC analysis indicated that a maximum diameter of 1.45 cm was the optimal threshold for the prediction of adenomatous polyps. The logistic regression analysis proved that the single polyp, presence of vascularity, and intralesional linear vessels were associated with adenomatous polyps (P < .05). ROC analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, and specificity for the combination of the three independent variables were 0.858, 87.3%, and 67.6%. The number combined with intralesional vascular shape had the highest diagnostic sensitivity of 91.2%. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CUS and CEUS demonstrated great significance in the differential diagnosis of cholesterol and adenomatous polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-An Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Jie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Qun Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Dong Che
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Hua Niu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Bao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Fosio M, Cherobin G, Stramare R, Fassan M, Giraudo C. Coronary Artery Disease and Gallbladder Inflammatory Pseudopolyps. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010155. [PMID: 35054322 PMCID: PMC8774625 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Axial MR image demonstrating multiple small gallbladder polypoid lesions characterized by contrast enhancement in a 78-year-old male hospitalized for acute chest pain due to coronary artery disease who showed fever and emesis during hospitalization and had signs of acute acalculous cholecystitis at computed tomography. Given the overall clinical conditions and the MR features, the inflammatory origin of the polyps was considered. The patient underwent cholecystectomy and the histological diagnosis of gallbladder inflammatory pseudopolyps was confirmed. This rare entity represents 5–10% of all gallbladder polyps, and their differentiation from benign and malignant tumors might be challenging especially in acalculous patients, thus surgery is often performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Fosio
- UOSD Imaging Avanzato Clinico e Translazionale, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Giulia Cherobin
- UOSD Imaging Avanzato Clinico e Translazionale, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Roberto Stramare
- UOSD Imaging Avanzato Clinico e Translazionale, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- UOSD Imaging Avanzato Clinico e Translazionale, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35127 Padova, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Odongo CN, Dreque CC, Bongomin F, Oyania F, Situma M, Atwine R. Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Gallbladder in the Setting of Mirizzi Syndrome, Mimicking Adenocarcinoma of the Gallbladder. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:637-641. [PMID: 34584463 PMCID: PMC8464327 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s326857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) is an uncommon benign lesion of the gallbladder (GB), predominantly seen in men. AH is commonly confused with malignant GB neoplasms in the setting of chronic cholecystitis and gallstones. There is a scarcity of published literature on AH, suggesting its rarity and the need for this case report. Case Presentation A 24-year-old woman from Western Uganda presented with signs and symptoms consistent with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Trans-abdominal ultrasound scan revealed cholecystomegaly (13.9 cm by 4.29 cm), thickened GB wall at 5.2 mm, with a poorly defined hypoechoic polypoid solid mass involving the fundal body of the GB. Explorative laparotomy with cholecystectomy and lymph node sampling was performed. Histopathological examination was consistent with adenomatous hyperplasia of the GB. The symptoms and laboratory values improved on follow-up in the clinic after laparotomy. Conclusion Adenomatous hyperplasia may be misdiagnosed as a malignant GB neoplasm, especially in the setting of chronic cholecystitis and gallstones. If a correct histopathological diagnosis is made, no further diagnostic work-up is necessary following surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Newton Odongo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Carlos Cabrera Dreque
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Felix Oyania
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Martin Situma
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Raymond Atwine
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Hashimoto S, Nakaoka K, Kawabe N, Kuzuya T, Funasaka K, Nagasaka M, Nakagawa Y, Miyahara R, Shibata T, Hirooka Y. The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Gallbladder Lesions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101789. [PMID: 34679486 PMCID: PMC8534965 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder (GB) diseases represent various lesions including gallstones, cholesterol polyps, adenomyomatosis, and GB carcinoma. This review aims to summarize the role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of GB lesions. EUS provides high-resolution images that can improve the diagnosis of GB polypoid lesions, GB wall thickness, and GB carcinoma staging. Contrast-enhancing agents may be useful for the differential diagnosis of GB lesions, but the evidence of their effectiveness is still limited. Thus, further studies are required in this area to establish its usefulness. EUS combined with fine-needle aspiration has played an increasing role in providing a histological diagnosis of GB tumors in addition to GB wall thickness.
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20
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Lee YJ, Park B, Hong KW, Jung DH. Gallbladder Polyps Increase the Risk of Ischaemic Heart Disease Among Korean Adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:693245. [PMID: 34490291 PMCID: PMC8418136 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.693245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gallbladder (GB) polyps and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) share some common risk factors. We investigated the longitudinal effects of gallbladder (GB) polyps, as a surrogate metabolic indicator, on IHD. Methods: We enrolled 19,612 participants from the health risk assessment study (HERAS) and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database. The primary outcome was IHD, which consisted of angina pectoris (ICD-10 code I20) or acute myocardial infarction (ICD-10 code I21) that occurred after enrolment into the study. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD according to the presence of GB polyps using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The median follow-up period was 29.9 months and a total of 473 individuals (2.4%, 473/19,612) developed IHD. Individuals with GB polyps had an increased risk of IHD compared with the control group after adjusting for potential confounding variables (HR = 1.425; 95% CI, 1.028–1.975). Furthermore, the coexistence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia resulted in an increased risk (HR = 2.14, 95% CI, 1.34–3.44 or HR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.32–3.31, respectively) of new-onset IHD in the GB polyp group. Conclusions: GB polyps was an independent risk factor of IHD. Awareness of these associations will inform clinicians on the need to include cardiovascular risk management as part of the routine management of patients with GB polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoungjin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | | | - Dong-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
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21
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Pham HD, Ngo MX, Dang TH. Diffuse Gallbladder Adenomyomatosis in a Child. Cureus 2021; 13:e15555. [PMID: 34131548 PMCID: PMC8195541 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is a benign condition, usually occurring in middle age, in which the epithelium of the gallbladder proliferates and the gallbladder wall thickens with the presence of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (RAS). The diffuse form is an unusual subtype of adenomyomatosis. Herein, we describe a 17-year-old female who presented with dull and intermittent pain in the right hypochondriac region for more than a month. Ultrasound followed by magnetic resonance imaging showed marked diffuse gallbladder wall thickening. A gross cholecystectomy specimen showed a diffusely enlarged gallbladder. The final diagnosis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis (GA) was confirmed by the histopathologic appearance of muscular and epithelial hyperplasia, contributing to mural thickening with epithelial invaginations forming the pathognomonic intramural diverticula known as the RAS. This case highlights that the diffuse form of GA is uncommon and is often accompanied by chronic inflammation, sometimes requiring differential diagnosis from gallbladder malignancies, especially when there is no image showing a “comet tail” of cholesterol crystals in the wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minh Xuan Ngo
- Pediatrics, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Thu Ha Dang
- Radiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, VNM
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22
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Ge C, Zhu X, Niu X, Zhang B, Chen L. A transcriptome profile in gallbladder cancer based on annotation analysis of microarray studies. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:25. [PMID: 33179115 PMCID: PMC7673323 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify aberrantly expressed genes for gallbladder cancer based on the annotation analysis of microarray studies and to explore their potential functions. Differential gene expression was investigated in cholesterol polyps, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer using microarrays. Subsequently, microarray results were comprehensively analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to determine the affected biological processes or pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of cholesterol polyps, gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer were identified. Following comprehensive analysis, 14 genes were found to be differentially expressed in the gallbladder wall of both gallbladder cancer and gallbladder adenoma. The 20 most significantly upregulated genes were only upregulated in the gallbladder wall of gallbladder cancer, but not in the gallbladder wall of cholesterol polyps and gallbladder adenoma. In addition, 182 DEGs were upregulated in the gallbladder wall of gallbladder adenoma compared with the gallbladder wall of cholesterol polyps. A total of 20 most significant DEGs were found in both the tumor and gallbladder wall of gallbladder cancer. In addition, the most significant DEGs that were identified were only upregulated in the tumor of gallbladder cancer. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the aforementioned DEGs could participate in numerous biological processes or pathways associated with the development of gallbladder cancer. The present findings will help improve the current understanding of tumorigenesis and the development of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xing Niu
- Department of Second Clinical College, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Bingye Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Second Clinical College, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Kim KH. Gallbladder polyps: evolving approach to the diagnosis and management. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020; 38:1-9. [PMID: 33045805 PMCID: PMC7787897 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder (GB) polyp is a mucosal projection into the GB lumen. With increasing health awareness, GB polyps are frequently found using ultrasonography during health screening. The prevalence of GB polyps ranges between 1.3% and 9.5%. Most patients are asymptomatic and have benign characteristics. Of the nonneoplastic polyps, cholesterol polyps are most common, accounting for 60%-70% of lesions. However, a few polyps have malignant potential. Currently, the guidelines recommend laparoscopic cholecystectomy for polyps larger than 1 cm in diameter due to their malignan potential. The treatment algorithm can be influenced by the size, shape, and numbers of polyps, old age (>50 years), the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and gallstones. This review summarizes the commonly recognized concepts on GB polyps from diagnosis to an algorithm of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hyun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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24
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Yu MH, Kim YJ, Park HS, Jung SI. Benign gallbladder diseases: Imaging techniques and tips for differentiating with malignant gallbladder diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2967-2986. [PMID: 32587442 PMCID: PMC7304100 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign gallbladder diseases usually present with intraluminal lesions and localized or diffuse wall thickening. Intraluminal lesions of the gallbladder include gallstones, cholesterol polyps, adenomas, or sludge and polypoid type of gallbladder cancer must subsequently be excluded. Polyp size, stalk width, and enhancement intensity on contrast-enhanced ultrasound and degree of diffusion restriction may help differentiate cholesterol polyps and adenomas from gallbladder cancer. Localized gallbladder wall thickening is largely due to segmental or focal gallbladder adenomyomatosis, although infiltrative cancer may present similarly. Identification of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses is pivotal in diagnosing adenomyomatosis. The layered pattern, degree of enhancement, and integrity of the wall are imaging clues that help discriminate innocuous thickening from gallbladder cancer. High-resolution ultrasound is especially useful for analyzing the layering of gallbladder wall. A diffusely thickened wall is frequently seen in inflammatory processes of the gallbladder. Nevertheless, it is important to check for coexistent cancer in instances of acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound used alone is limited in evaluating complicated cholecystitis and often requires complementary computed tomography. In chronic cholecystitis, preservation of a two-layered wall and weak wall enhancement are diagnostic clues for excluding malignancy. Magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with diffusion-weighted imaging helps to differentiate xathogranulomatous cholecystitis from gallbladder cancer by identifying the presence of fat and degree of diffusion restriction. Such distinctions require a familiarity with typical imaging features of various gallbladder diseases and an understanding of the roles that assorted imaging modalities play in gallbladder evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Yu
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, South Korea
| | - Hee Sun Park
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, South Korea
| | - Sung Il Jung
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, South Korea
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25
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John S, Moyana T, Shabana W, Walsh C, McInnes MDF. Gallbladder Cancer: Imaging Appearance and Pitfalls in Diagnosis [Formula: see text]. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 71:448-458. [PMID: 32412302 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120923273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is an uncommon malignancy with an overall poor prognosis. The clinical and imaging presentation of gallbladder cancer often overlaps with benign disease, making diagnosis difficult. Gallbladder cancer is most easily diagnosed on imaging when it presents as a mass replacing the gallbladder. At this stage, the prognosis is usually poor. Recognizing the features of gallbladder cancer early in the disease can enable complete resection and improve prognosis. Recognition of the patterns of wall enhancement on computed tomography can help differentiate gallbladder cancer from benign disease. Gallbladder wall thickening without pericholecystic fluid presenting in an older patient with raised alkaline phosphatase should raise concern regarding gallbladder cancer. Gallbladder polyps in high-risk individuals need close surveillance or surgery as per guidelines. Small gallbladder cancers in the neck can present as biliary dilatation or cholecystitis, and careful examination of this area is needed to assess for lesion. The imaging appearance of gallbladder cancer is reviewed and supported by local institutional data. Features that differentiate it from its common mimics enabling earlier diagnosis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan John
- Department of Medical Imaging, 27337The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada.,27337The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terence Moyana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 6363University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, 27337The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wael Shabana
- Department of Medical Imaging, 27337The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiology, 6363University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy Walsh
- Department of Medical Imaging, 27337The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiology, 6363University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- Department of Medical Imaging, 27337The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada.,27337The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiology, 6363University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 6363University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Jeong Y, Kim JH, Chae HD, Park SJ, Bae JS, Joo I, Han JK. Deep learning-based decision support system for the diagnosis of neoplastic gallbladder polyps on ultrasonography: Preliminary results. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7700. [PMID: 32382062 PMCID: PMC7205977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) has been considered image of choice for gallbladder (GB) polyp, however, it had limitations in differentiating between nonneoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. We developed and investigated the usefulness of a deep learning-based decision support system (DL-DSS) for the differential diagnosis of GB polyps on US. We retrospectively collected 535 patients, and they were divided into the development dataset (n = 437) and test dataset (n = 98). The binary classification convolutional neural network model was developed by transfer learning. Using the test dataset, three radiologists with different experience levels retrospectively graded the possibility of a neoplastic polyp using a 5-point confidence scale. The reviewers were requested to re-evaluate their grades using the DL-DSS assistant. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of three reviewers were 0.94, 0.78, and 0.87. The DL-DSS alone showed an AUC of 0.92. With the DL-DSS assistant, the AUCs of the reviewer’s improved to 0.95, 0.91, and 0.91. Also, the specificity of the reviewers was improved (65.1–85.7 to 71.4–93.7). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) improved from 0.87 to 0.93. In conclusion, DL-DSS could be used as an assistant tool to decrease the gap between reviewers and to reduce the false positive rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younbeom Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Dong Chae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Sae-Jin Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Joon Koo Han
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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27
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Metman MJH, Olthof PB, van der Wal JBC, van Gulik TM, Roos D, Dekker JWT. Clinical relevance of gallbladder polyps; is cholecystectomy always necessary? HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:506-510. [PMID: 31481314 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder polyps are common incidental findings during abdominal ultrasonography. Cholecystectomy is recommended for polyps equal or greater than 10 mm on ultrasound due to their malignant potential. However, the majority of lesions appear to be pseudopolyps with no malignant potential. Our aim was to determine the correlation between ultrasonographic findings and histopathological findings after cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps in two institutions. METHOD A retrospective analysis was performed at two Dutch institutions of patients who underwent cholecystectomy. All cholecystectomies for suspected gallbladder polyps between January 2010 and August 2017 were included. Ultrasonographic and histopathological reports were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 108 patients underwent cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps. At abdominal ultrasound sixty-five patients (60.2%) were diagnosed with multiple gallbladder polyps. The mean diameter of the polyps was 11 mm. On pathological examination after cholecystectomy, only three specimens harbored true polyps. No anomalies were found in 48 (44%) patients and 51 (47%) had cholesterolosis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of true gallbladder polyps was much lower in this study than reported in literature. After cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps diagnosed by ultrasound, 97% of patients had non-neoplastic or not identifiable lesions in the gallbladder. These findings question the usefulness of current guidelines for management of suspected gallbladder polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon J H Metman
- Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Pim B Olthof
- Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Roos
- Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands
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28
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Vascular evaluation using transabdominal ultrasound for gallbladder polyps. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2020; 48:159-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-020-01008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Thomas E, Gargano T, Libri M, Ruggeri G, Salfi N, Mazzoni E, Lima M. Gallbladder polyps in association with metachromatic leukodystrophy. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2019.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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30
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Pickering O, Pucher PH, Toale C, Hand F, Anand E, Cassidy S, McEntee G, Toh SKC. Prevalence and Sonographic Detection of Gallbladder Polyps in a Western European Population. J Surg Res 2020; 250:226-231. [PMID: 32106001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is rare but associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating the early identification of premalignant and malignant lesions to improve overall prognosis. Despite limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of transabdominal ultrasound (US) in the detection of gallbladder polyps, it plays a key role in current European guidelines. The aim of this study was to investigate gallbladder polyp prevalence in a western European population and assess the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal US. METHODS Data from patients who underwent cholecystectomy for US detected gallbladder polypoid lesions at four hospitals in Ireland and the United Kingdom between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively collected. Patient demographics, ultrasonographic, and histopathologic findings were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 134 patients underwent cholecystectomy for US-detected gallbladder polyps. After histopathologic examination, pseudopolyps were found in 75 (56%) specimens with dysplastic or malignant polyps seen in only six (4.5%) specimens. Mean size for neoplastic polyps was 33 mm. The positive predictive value for US in detecting neoplastic polyps in this study was 4.5%, which is significantly lower than the 10%-15% reported previously. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of neoplastic polyps in this study is higher than in the previous literature, the distribution of pseudopolyps and true polyps is as expected. With all malignant polyps being >10 mm in diameter, these findings support the current size thresholds stated in European guidelines. The poor diagnostic accuracy of US demonstrated may have led to significant number of patients undergoing unnecessary surgical intervention, further supporting the argument for improved strategies for the investigation of gallbladder polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pickering
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip H Pucher
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Toale
- Department of General Surgery, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Hand
- Department of General Surgery, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Easan Anand
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Cassidy
- Department of General Surgery, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerry McEntee
- Department of General Surgery, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon K C Toh
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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31
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Lee SB, Lee Y, Kim SJ, Yoon JH, Kim SH, Kim SJ, Jung HK, Hahn S, Baek HJ. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability in sonographic size measurements of gallbladder polyps. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:206-212. [PMID: 31399751 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of gallbladder polyp measurements using transabdominal US and the factors that affect reliability. METHODS From November 2017 to February 2018, two radiologists measured the maximum diameter of 91 gallbladder polyps using transabdominal US. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were determined using 95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The effects of image settings, polyp location, and polyp size were evaluated by comparing ICCs using z tests. RESULTS The intraobserver agreement rates were 0.960 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.939-0.973) for observer 1 and 0.962 (95% CI, 0.943-0.975) for observer 2. The ICCs between the two observers were 0.963 (95% CI, 0.926-0.979) for the first measurement and 0.973 (95% CI, 0.950-0.984) for the second measurement. The 95% limits of agreement on repeated measurements were 22.3-25.2% of the mean, and those between the two observers were 25.5-34.2% of the mean. ICCs for large polyps (≥ 5 mm) were significantly higher than those for small polyps (< 5 mm). There were no significant differences in the ICCs between image settings and polyp location. CONCLUSIONS Polyp size measurements using transabdominal US are highly repeatable and reproducible. Polyp size significantly affects the reliability of measurement. Diameter changes of approximately less than 25% may fall within the measurement error; this should be considered while interpreting the change in size during follow-up US, especially for small polyps. KEY POINTS • Gallbladder polyp size measurement using transabdominal US is highly repeatable and reproducible. • Diameter changes of approximately less than 25% should be interpreted carefully, especially in small polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Bi Lee
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yedaun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Kim
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-ro 875, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Baek
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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Jang E, Vu TD, Choi D, Jung YK, Lee KG, Chung H. Feasibility study for rapid near-infrared spectroscopic identification of different gallbladder diseases by direct analysis of bile juice. Analyst 2019; 144:7236-7241. [PMID: 31674603 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A whole-sample-covering near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy scheme has been adopted for the simple drop-and-dry measurement of raw bile juice for the identification of gallbladder (GB) diseases of stone, polyp, and cancer. For reproducible measurement, a non-NIR absorbing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) providing a hydrophobic surface was chosen as a substrate to form bile juice droplets of a consistent shape. To ensure representative spectroscopic sampling, NIR radiation illuminated the whole area of the dried sample for spectral acquisition. The NIR band shapes and relative band intensities of GB cancer differed moderately from those of GB stone and GB polyp. The composition of GB cancer samples was presumed to be dissimilar from other sample compositions. Differentiation between GB polyp and GB stone, however, was less facile; nevertheless, in the case of GB polyp samples, the obtained NIR features were informative in the identification of various pathological conditions such as adenomyomatosis (abnormal growth of epidermal tissue) and hepatitis B. To elucidate the NIR features of bile juice samples, separate NIR spectra of major bile constituents such as conjugated bile salts, lecithin, cholesterol, and albumin were analyzed. The demonstrated NIR spectroscopy scheme requiring no sample pretreatment or separation of bile juice could be useful for fast bile juice-based screening of GB diseases, especially the identification of early GB cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Chen CH, Lin CL, Kao CH. The risk of coronary heart disease after diagnosis of gallbladder polyp: a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:753. [PMID: 32042769 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background To assess the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) after the diagnosis of gallbladder polyp (GP). Methods We identified 2,815 GP patients aged ≥20 years from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2000 and 2011 and followed up the patients until the occurrence of CHD or the end of 2011, the patient would be censored in the occurrence of death, missed information, or withdrawal from the NHI. We selected 11,260 non-GP subjects by 4:1 randomly matching with the case cohort according to age, sex, and index date of GP diagnosis. Results GP cohort had greater risk of CHD than the control cohort [11.1 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y, adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.53] after adjusting age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gallstone, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and arrhythmia. The risk of CHD was significantly higher in the non-cholecystectomy cohort of GP patients than that in the non-GP cohort (10.9 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y; aHR =1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.55). However, the risk of CHD contributed by GP was not significant after cholecystectomy (12.3 vs. 8.07 per 1,000 person-y; aHR =1.24; 95% CI, 0.83-1.85). Compared with the non-GP cohort without hypertension, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without (aHR =1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.87) or with hypertension (aHR =3.00; 95% CI, 2.30-3.92). Compared with the non-GP cohort without diabetes, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without diabetes (aHR =1.46; 95% CI, 1.21-1.76) or with diabetes (aHR =2.07; 95% CI, 1.35-3.18). Compared with the non-GP cohort without hyperlipidemia, the risk of CHD increased for GP cohort without (aHR =1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.70) or with hyperlipidemia (aHR =2.63; 95% CI, 2.01-3.44). Compared with the non-GP cohort without arrhythmia, the risk of CHD for GP patients increased without (aHR =1.40; 95% CI, 1.17-1.69) or with arrhythmia (aHR =2.88; 95% CI, 1.82-4.57). Conclusions GP is associated with increased risk of developing CHD, and the risk increases with the presence of coexisting hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hua Chen
- Digestive Disease Center, Changbing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Township, Changhua.,Digestive Disease Center, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,College of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, and Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung
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35
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Negrão de Figueiredo G, Mueller-Peltzer K, Zengel P, Armbruster M, Rübenthaler J, Clevert DA. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and gallbladder diseases - A retrospective mono-center analysis of imaging findings with histopathological correlation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 71:151-158. [PMID: 30584127 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiologic imaging, especially ultrasound has an important role in the assessment of gallbladder alteration. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an easy and fast imaging technique that overcomes the limitations of greyscale ultrasonography. It is a safe tool that can be used as an additional imaging modality in order to elucidate and differentiate gallbladder pathological findings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study analysis is to assess the diagnostic performance of CEUS in gallbladder alterations and compare the results to the histopathological findings. METHODS A total of 17 patients between 2009 and 2017 with uncertain gallbladder appearance were retrospectively analysed. A single experienced physician with more than fifteen years' experience performed CEUS examinations by applying a second-generation blood pool agent (SonoVue®, Bracco, Milan, Italy). Archived images were interpreted by the same physician and compared to the histopathological findings. RESULTS CEUS results, when correlated to the respectively pathologic findings, presented a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. All patients were successfully examined without any adverse reaction. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the excellent results in this study acknowledged that CEUS is a feasible alternative tool to differentiate gallbladder pathologic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Negrão de Figueiredo
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - K Mueller-Peltzer
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - P Zengel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Armbruster
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - J Rübenthaler
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - D A Clevert
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
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Negrão de Figueiredo G, Mueller-Peltzer K, Armbruster M, Rübenthaler J, Clevert D. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the evaluation of gallbladder diseases in comparison to cross-sectional imaging modalities and histopathological results. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 71:141-149. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-189404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Negrão de Figueiredo
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - K. Mueller-Peltzer
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Armbruster
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Rübenthaler
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
| | - D.A. Clevert
- Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany
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Miwa H, Numata K, Sugimori K, Sanga K, Hirotani A, Tezuka S, Goda Y, Irie K, Ishii T, Kaneko T, Tanaka K, Maeda S. Differential diagnosis of gallbladder polypoid lesions using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1367-1378. [PMID: 30478647 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to evaluate the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the differential diagnosis of gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPLs). METHODS Thirty-six patients with GPLs (17 with gallbladder cancer, 19 with benign polyps) who underwent CEUS were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 65.7 ± 12.6 years. Perflubutane-based contrast agent and high-mechanical index mode, which can eliminate the background B-mode and provide precise visualization of tumor vessels, were used for CEUS, and two blinded readers evaluated the images, retrospectively. RESULTS Patient age and size of malignant GPLs (72.4 ± 9.4 years and 23.4 ± 7.5 mm) were significantly greater than those for benign lesions (59.6 ± 12.3 years and 12.4 ± 2.9 mm) (P < 0.01, respectively), and the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the cut-off value as over 65 years and 16 mm. Univariate analysis showed that heterogeneity in B-mode (80% [12/15]), sessile shape (76% [13/17]), dilated vessel (71% [12/17]), irregular vessel (82% [14/17]), and heterogeneous enhancement (59% [10/17]) on CEUS were significantly correlated with malignant GPLs (P < 0.01, respectively). On CEUS, the diagnostic criterion for malignant GPLs was defined as having one or more of the above four features because of the highest accuracy. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for malignant GBLs were 88%, 68%, and 78% for patient age; 76%, 89%, and 83% for size of GPLs; 80%, 68%, and 74% for B-mode; and 94%, 89%, and 92% for CEUS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CEUS is useful for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign GPLs.
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Abdullah AAN, Rangaraj A, Rashid M, Puw-Jones R, Rasheed A. Gallbladder polypoid lesions are inaccurately reported and undermanaged: a retrospective study of the management of gallbladder polypoid lesions detected at ultrasound in symptomatic patients during a 36-month period. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:489.e17-489.e23. [PMID: 30910171 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPL) are accurately reported and managed by radiologists, sonographers, general practitioners (GPs) and surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive abdominal ultrasound examinations indicating GPL in symptomatic patients performed during 2011-2013 were captured and analysed. The study comprised 244 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Of the ultrasound reports retrieved, 238/244 reports (98%) erroneously described the polypoid lesions as polyps. One hundred and thirty-two of the 244 (54%) reports recommended follow-up, 5/244 (2%) recommended no follow-up, 35/244 (14%) deemed the findings insignificant, and 72/244 (30%) did not comment. Regarding GP referral, 57/184 (31%) patients were correctly referred to general surgeons, 20/184 (11%) to gastroenterologists, and 107/184 (58%) were not referred to secondary care. Forty-three of the 244 patients (18%) underwent cholecystectomy. Regarding subsequent biliary presentations, 63/244 patients (26%) presented at a later date with biliary symptoms; 13/63 (21%) of these eventually had cholecystectomies with 2/13 (15%) experiencing potentially life-threatening pancreatitis episodes. Regarding the surgical approach, differences were observed in the way individual surgeons managed polypoid lesions, with some veering towards cholecystectomy, others towards follow-up ultrasound, and some towards discharge. CONCLUSION GPL tend to be misreported by radiologists and sonographers, unappreciated by GPs, and variably managed by surgeons. These factors delay definitive therapy and seem to contribute to future biliary presentations. A fresh educational approach is required to raise awareness among radiologists, sonographers, and GPs regarding the clinical relevance and possible representations of GPL, and a uniform strategy is needed for managing GPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A N Abdullah
- Gwent Centre for Digestive Diseases, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK.
| | - A Rangaraj
- Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK
| | - M Rashid
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK
| | - R Puw-Jones
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK
| | - A Rasheed
- Gwent Centre for Digestive Diseases, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK
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Yamin Z, Xuesong B, Zhen Z, Yue H, Liwei L, Fei L. Correlation of dyslipidemias and gallbladder polyps-A large retrospective study among Chinese population. Asian J Surg 2019; 43:181-185. [PMID: 30879905 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim to explore the association of dyslipidemias with GBP prevalence, number and size in a large Chinese population in Beijing. Dyslipidemias include hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high density lipoproteins (HDL). METHODS Prevalence of GBP and its association with dyslipidemias were retrospectively investigated among subjects who underwent check-up at Health Screening Center of Xuanwu Hospital between January 2014 and December 2017. RESULTS This study enrolled 97117 participants. Prevalence of GBP was 7.3%. There were significant differences in increased LDL (595/7107 vs 6004/90010, P = 0.000) and increased cholesterol (TC) (403/7107 vs 4846/90010,P = 0.000) between GBP group and control group, but not in decreased HDL and increased triglyceride (TG). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, BMI, SBP, DBP and LDL were independently associated with GBP. People with increases LDL had 1.488 times higher risk for GBP formation. Trend of dyslipidemias prevalence change according to age was similar with that of GBP. Increased LDL group had higher GBP prevalence rate (9.0% vs 7.2%, p = 0.000), multiple GBP proportion (2.9% vs 2.2%, p = 0.000) and large polyps with diameter ≥ 5 mm proportion (3.7% vs 2.6%,p = 0.000). Comparing with control group, there was higher proportion of large polyps in Increased TC group (3.2% vs 2.7%, p = 0.019) and decreased HDL group (3.0% vs 2.6%,p = 0.028). Increased TG group had not difference with its control group in GBP prevalence, number or size. CONCLUSION Dyslipidemias is associated with GBP formation. Dyslipidemias change according to age is consistent with GBP prevalence. Increased LDL was a more related risk factor rather than decreased HDL, increased TC or TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yamin
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bai Xuesong
- Xuanwu Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhou Zhen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huang Yue
- Information Center of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liu Liwei
- Xuanwu Hospital, The First Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Chatterjee A, Lopes Vendrami C, Nikolaidis P, Mittal PK, Bandy AJ, Menias CO, Hammond NA, Yaghmai V, Yang GY, Miller FH. Uncommon Intraluminal Tumors of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract: Spectrum of Imaging Appearances. Radiographics 2019; 39:388-412. [PMID: 30707646 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019180164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intraluminal pathologic conditions of the bile ducts and gallbladder are common, most frequently consisting of calculi and adenocarcinoma. In recent years, intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts (IPN-B), which is analogous to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas, has been recognized as a distinct pathologic entity and a precursor lesion to adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts. Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the bile duct was subsequently described as a distinct pathologic entity. With increased awareness and advances in imaging techniques, these lesions are diagnosed with increased frequency at preoperative imaging. A similar neoplasm in the gallbladder is referred to as intracholecystic papillary neoplasm. These lesions are often diagnosed at a preinvasive stage and have a better prognosis than invasive cholangiocarcinoma when treated with curative resection, underscoring the importance of an accurate imaging diagnosis. The most common causes of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder are cholesterol polyps and adenomyomatosis. These lesions need to be differentiated from the less common but clinically important adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. Imaging is crucial to identify polyps that are at high risk for malignancy so that the appropriate management choice between imaging follow-up and cholecystectomy can be made by the treating physicians. Other less common gallbladder tumors, such as gallbladder adenomas, lymphoma, and metastases to the gallbladder, can manifest as intraluminal tumors; and awareness of these lesions is also important. In this article, the recent literature is reviewed; and the imaging appearances, histopathologic findings, and management of uncommon intraluminal tumors of the bile ducts and gallbladder and their mimics are discussed. ©RSNA, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argha Chatterjee
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Camila Lopes Vendrami
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Paul Nikolaidis
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Pardeep K Mittal
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Andrew J Bandy
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Christine O Menias
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Nancy A Hammond
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Frank H Miller
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.C., C.L.V., P.N., N.A.H., V.Y., F.H.M.) and Pathology (A.J.B., G.Y.Y.), Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (P.K.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
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Oh SH, Han HY, Kim HJ. Comet tail artifact on ultrasonography: is it a reliable finding of benign gallbladder diseases? Ultrasonography 2018; 38:221-230. [PMID: 30481951 PMCID: PMC6595125 DOI: 10.14366/usg.18029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the comet tail artifact on ultrasonography can be used to reliably diagnose benign gallbladder diseases. Methods This retrospective study reviewed the clinical findings, imaging findings, preoperative ultrasonographic diagnoses, and pathological diagnoses of 150 patients with comet tail artifacts who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with pathologic confirmation. The extent of the involved lesion was classified as localized or diffuse, depending on the degree of involvement and the anatomical section of the gallbladder that was involved. This study evaluated the differences in clinical and imaging findings among pathologic diagnoses. Results All gallbladder lesions exhibiting the comet tail artifact on ultrasound examination were confirmed as benign gallbladder diseases after cholecystectomy, including 71 cases of adenomyomatosis (47.3%), 74 cases of chronic cholecystitis (49.3%), two cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (1.3%), and three cases of cholesterolosis (2.0%); there were two cases of coexistent chronic cholecystitis and low-grade dysplasia. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the clinical and ultrasonographic findings, with the exception of gallstones (P=0.007), among the four diseases. There were no significant differences in the average length, thickness, or number of comet tail artifacts among the four diagnoses. No malignancies were detected in any of the 150 thickened gallbladder lesions. Conclusion The ultrasonographic finding of the comet tail artifact in patients with thickened gallbladder lesions is associated with the presence of benign gallbladder diseases, and can be considered a reliable sign of benign gallbladder disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Oh
- Department of Radiology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Han
- Department of Radiology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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42
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McCain RS, Diamond A, Jones C, Coleman HG. Current practices and future prospects for the management of gallbladder polyps: A topical review. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2844-2852. [PMID: 30018479 PMCID: PMC6048427 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i26.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A gallbladder polyp is an elevation of the gallbladder mucosa that protrudes into the gallbladder lumen. Gallbladder polyps have an estimated prevalence in adults of between 0.3%-12.3%. However, only 5% of polyps are considered to be "true" gallbladder polyps, meaning that they are malignant or have malignant potential. The main radiological modality used for diagnosing and surveilling gallbladder polyps is transabdominal ultrasonography. However, evidence shows that other modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound may improve diagnostic accuracy. These are discussed in turn during the course of this review. Current guidelines recommend cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps sized 10 mm and greater, although this threshold is lowered when other risk factors are identified. The evidence behind this practice is relatively low quality. This review identifies current gaps in the available evidence and highlights the necessity for further research to enable better decision making regarding which patients should undergo cholecystectomy, and/or radiological follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stephen McCain
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Diamond
- Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT16 1RH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Jones
- Mater Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom
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De Armas RE, Rosenberg JM, Fenves AZ. Cholesterolosis as a cause of acute pancreatitis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2018; 31:324-325. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2018.1460128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob M. Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Z. Fenves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Metastatic Gallbladder Melanoma Presenting as Acute Emphysematous Cholecystitis. Case Rep Med 2018; 2018:5726570. [PMID: 29853906 PMCID: PMC5964409 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5726570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive tumor with a high potential for distant metastases, including spread to the gallbladder where it represents more than half of all metastases detected at autopsy. Yet, it is rarely symptomatic in life and is a rare cause of acute cholecystitis. Emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare, potentially fatal variant of acute cholecystitis characterized by the presence of gas in the gallbladder lumen or wall. We report a 77-year-old woman with acute emphysematous cholecystitis as the initial feature of recurrent melanoma metastatic to the gallbladder. This exceptional association highlights the need to consider a relapse of malignancy when assessing unexplained abdominal symptoms in any patient with a prior history of melanoma.
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45
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Vila M, Lladó L, Ramos E. Diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pólipos en la vesícula biliar. Med Clin (Barc) 2018; 150:487-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sandrasegaran K, Menias CO. Imaging and Screening of Cancer of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. Radiol Clin North Am 2017; 55:1211-1222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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Choi TW, Kim JH, Park SJ, Ahn SJ, Joo I, Han JK. Risk stratification of gallbladder polyps larger than 10 mm using high-resolution ultrasonography and texture analysis. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:196-205. [PMID: 28687913 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess important features for risk stratification of gallbladder (GB) polyps >10 mm using high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) and texture analysis. METHODS We included 136 patients with GB polyps (>10 mm) who underwent both HRUS and cholecystectomy (non-neoplastic, n = 58; adenomatous, n = 32; and carcinoma, n = 46). Two radiologists retrospectively assessed HRUS findings and texture analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify significant predictors for neoplastic polyps and carcinomas. RESULTS Single polyp (OR, 3.680-3.856) and larger size (OR, 1.450-1.477) were independently associated with neoplastic polyps (p < 0.05). In a single or polyp >14 mm, sensitivity for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic polyps was 92.3%. To differentiate carcinoma from adenoma, sessile shape (OR, 9.485-41.257), larger size (OR, 1.267-1.303), higher skewness (OR, 6.382) and lower grey-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) contrast (OR, 0.963) were significant predictors (p < 0.05). In a polyp >22 mm or sessile, sensitivity for differentiating carcinomas from adenomas was 93.5-95.7%. If a polyp demonstrated at least one HRUS finding and at least one texture feature, the specificity for diagnosing carcinoma was increased to 90.6-93.8%. CONCLUSION In a GB polyp >10 mm, single and diameter >14 mm were useful for predicting neoplastic polyps. In neoplastic polyps, sessile shape, diameter >22 mm, higher skewness and lower GLCM contrast were useful for predicting carcinoma. KEY POINTS • Risk of neoplastic polyp is low in <14 mm and multiple polyps • A sessile polyp or >22 mm has increased risk for GB carcinomas • Higher skewness and lower GLCM contrast are predictors of GB carcinoma • HRUS is useful for risk stratification of GB polyps >1 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Joon Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Joa Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Koo Han
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wiles R, Thoeni RF, Barbu ST, Vashist YK, Rafaelsen SR, Dewhurst C, Arvanitakis M, Lahaye M, Soltes M, Perinel J, Roberts SA. Management and follow-up of gallbladder polyps : Joint guidelines between the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), European Association for Endoscopic Surgery and other Interventional Techniques (EAES), International Society of Digestive Surgery - European Federation (EFISDS) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). Eur Radiol 2017; 27:3856-3866. [PMID: 28185005 PMCID: PMC5544788 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The management of incidentally detected gallbladder polyps on radiological examinations is contentious. The incidental radiological finding of a gallbladder polyp can therefore be problematic for the radiologist and the clinician who referred the patient for the radiological examination. To address this a joint guideline was created by the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), European Association for Endoscopic Surgery and other Interventional Techniques (EAES), International Society of Digestive Surgery – European Federation (EFISDS) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). Methods A targeted literature search was performed and consensus guidelines were created using a series of Delphi questionnaires and a seven-point Likert scale. Results A total of three Delphi rounds were performed. Consensus regarding which patients should have cholecystectomy, which patients should have ultrasound follow-up and the nature and duration of that follow-up was established. The full recommendations as well as a summary algorithm are provided. Conclusions These expert consensus recommendations can be used as guidance when a gallbladder polyp is encountered in clinical practice. Key Points • Management of gallbladder polyps is contentious • Cholecystectomy is recommended for gallbladder polyps >10 mm • Management of polyps <10 mm depends on patient and polyp characteristics • Further research is required to determine optimal management of gallbladder polyps
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wiles
- Department of Radiology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, L78XP, UK.
| | - Ruedi F Thoeni
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, Medical School, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sorin Traian Barbu
- 4th Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yogesh K Vashist
- Section for Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Søren Rafael Rafaelsen
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Cancer Centre, Vejle Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Catherine Dewhurst
- Department of Radiology, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marianna Arvanitakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Erasme University Hospital ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Max Lahaye
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Soltes
- 1st Department of Surgery LF UPJS a UNLP, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Julie Perinel
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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Kim M, Kang TW, Jang KM, Kim YK, Kim SH, Ha SY, Sinn DH, Gu S. Tumefactive Gallbladder Sludge at US: Prevalence and Clinical Importance. Radiology 2016; 283:570-579. [PMID: 27846377 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016161042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of tumefactive sludge of the gallbladder detected at ultrasonography (US) and to assess whether any clinical and imaging differences exist between benign and malignant tumefactive sludge. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. The requirement for informed consent was waived. The study included a cohort (n = 6898) of patients with gallbladder sludge drawn from all adults (n = 115 178) who underwent abdominal US between March 2001 and March 2015. Tumefactive sludge was identified according to the following US findings: (a) nonmovable mass-like lesion and (b) absence of posterior acoustic shadowing at B-mode US and vascularity at color Doppler US. Follow-up examinations were arranged to ascertain whether the results showed true sludge or gallbladder cancer. Risk factors for malignant tumefactive sludge based on clinical and US characteristics were identified with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of gallbladder and tumefactive sludge at abdominal US during the observation period was 6.0% (6898 of 115 178) and 0.1% (135 of 115 178), respectively. Twenty-eight (20.7%) patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 107 with tumefactive sludge, 15 (14%) were confirmed to have malignant tumefactive sludge. The risk factors for malignant tumefactive sludge were old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; P = .035), female sex (OR, 5.48; P = .014), and absence of hyperechoic spots within the sludge (OR, 6.78; P = .008). Conclusion Although the prevalence of tumefactive sludge at US was rare, a considerable proportion of patients had a malignancy. Careful follow-up is essential, especially for older patients, women, and those with an absence of hyperechoic spots at US. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.K., T.W.K., K.M.J., Y.K.K., S.H.K.), Pathology (S.Y.H.), and Internal Medicine (D.H.S.) and the Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center (S.G.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kang
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.K., T.W.K., K.M.J., Y.K.K., S.H.K.), Pathology (S.Y.H.), and Internal Medicine (D.H.S.) and the Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center (S.G.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Jang
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.K., T.W.K., K.M.J., Y.K.K., S.H.K.), Pathology (S.Y.H.), and Internal Medicine (D.H.S.) and the Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center (S.G.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kon Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.K., T.W.K., K.M.J., Y.K.K., S.H.K.), Pathology (S.Y.H.), and Internal Medicine (D.H.S.) and the Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center (S.G.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.K., T.W.K., K.M.J., Y.K.K., S.H.K.), Pathology (S.Y.H.), and Internal Medicine (D.H.S.) and the Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center (S.G.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.K., T.W.K., K.M.J., Y.K.K., S.H.K.), Pathology (S.Y.H.), and Internal Medicine (D.H.S.) and the Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center (S.G.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.K., T.W.K., K.M.J., Y.K.K., S.H.K.), Pathology (S.Y.H.), and Internal Medicine (D.H.S.) and the Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center (S.G.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhye Gu
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.K., T.W.K., K.M.J., Y.K.K., S.H.K.), Pathology (S.Y.H.), and Internal Medicine (D.H.S.) and the Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center (S.G.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
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50
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Fakhri AA, Rodrigue PD, Fakhri AF. Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Gallbladder Detected on Fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography. J Clin Imaging Sci 2016; 6:40. [PMID: 27761300 PMCID: PMC5070038 DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.191127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary plasmacytoma is rare in patients with diagnosed multiple myeloma. Soft tissue plasmacytoma of the gallbladder is particularly uncommon and has been described in only a handful of cases. Diagnosis of gallbladder plasmacytoma with fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F18-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has not previously been reported. We present a 65-year-old female with a history of multiple myeloma who underwent a restaging F18-FDG-PET/CT which showed a focal area of hypermetabolic activity, corresponding to a nodular lesion within the posterior gallbladder wall. The patient underwent successful cholecystectomy, with surgical pathology revealing gallbladder plasmacytoma. A follow-up scan was negative for active malignancy. This is a novel case of gallbladder plasmacytoma diagnosed on whole-body F18-FDG PET/CT – thus demonstrating the clinical value of this imaging modality in staging, restaging, and surveillance for patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ali Fakhri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Paul David Rodrigue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Amena Fatima Fakhri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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