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Faganello G, Collia D, Furlotti S, Pagura L, Zaccari M, Pedrizzetti G, Di Lenarda A. A new integrated approach to cardiac mechanics: reference values for normal left ventricle. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 36:2173-2185. [PMID: 32671607 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-01934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The association between left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation and hemodynamic forces is still mostly unexplored. The normative values and the effects of demographic and technical factors on hemodynamic forces are not known. The authors studied the association between LV myocardial deformation and hemodynamic forces in a large cohort of healthy volunteers. One-hundred seventy-six consecutive subjects (age range, 16-82; 51% women), with no cardiovascular risk factors or any relevant diseases, were enrolled. All subjects underwent an echo-Doppler examination. Both 2D global myocardial and endocardial longitudinal strain (GLS), circumferential strain (GCS), and the hemodynamic forces were measured with new software that enabled to calculate all these values and parameters from the three apical views. Higher LV mass index and larger LV volumes were found in males compared to females (85 ± 17 vs 74 ± 15 g/m2 and 127 ± 28 vs 85 ± 18 ml, p < 0.0001 respectively) while no differences of the mean values of endocardial and myocardial GLS and of myocardial GCS were found (p = ns) and higher endocardial GCS in women (- 30.6 ± 4.2 vs - 31.8 ± 3.7; p = 0.05). LV longitudinal force, LV systolic longitudinal force and LV impulse were higher in men (16.2 ± 5.3 vs 13.2 ± 3.6; 25.1 ± 7.9 vs 19.4 ± 5.6 and 20.4 ± 7 vs 16.6 ± 5.2, p < 0.0001, respectively). A weak but statistically significant decline with age (p < 0.0001) was also found for these force parameters. This new integrated approach could differentiate normality from pathology by providing average deformation values and hemodynamic forces parameters, differentiated by age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Faganello
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, via Slataper n°9, 34100, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Dario Collia
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Furlotti
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, via Slataper n°9, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Linda Pagura
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, via Slataper n°9, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Zaccari
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, via Slataper n°9, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Pedrizzetti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Lenarda
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, via Slataper n°9, 34100, Trieste, Italy
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Liu YC, Nau WM, Hennig A. A supramolecular five-component relay switch that exposes the mechanistic competition of dissociative versus associative binding to cucurbiturils by ratiometric fluorescence monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14123-14126. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07165b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A putrescine derivative of aminomethyladamantane is established as a ditopic guest with two mutually exclusive binding sites for cucurbit[6]uril and cucurbit[7]uril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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Kramer PA, Duan J, Gaffrey MJ, Shukla AK, Wang L, Bammler TK, Qian WJ, Marcinek DJ. Fatiguing contractions increase protein S-glutathionylation occupancy in mouse skeletal muscle. Redox Biol 2018; 17:367-376. [PMID: 29857311 PMCID: PMC6007084 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein S-glutathionylation is an important reversible post-translational modification implicated in redox signaling. Oxidative modifications to protein thiols can alter the activity of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, and the function of contractile proteins. However, the extent to which muscle contraction induces oxidative modifications in redox sensitive thiols is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the targets of S-glutathionylation redox signaling following fatiguing contractions. Anesthetized adult male CB6F1 (BALB/cBy × C57BL/6) mice were subjected to acute fatiguing contractions for 15 min using in vivo stimulations. The right (stimulated) and left (unstimulated) gastrocnemius muscleswere collected 60 min after the last stimulation and processed for redox proteomics assay of S-glutathionylation. Using selective reduction with a glutaredoxin enzyme cocktail and resin-assisted enrichment technique, we quantified the levels of site-specific protein S-glutathionylation at rest and following fatiguing contractions. Redox proteomics revealed over 2200 sites of S-glutathionylation modifications, of which 1290 were significantly increased after fatiguing contractions. Muscle contraction leads to the greatest increase in S-glutathionylation in the mitochondria (1.03%) and the smallest increase in the nucleus (0.47%). Regulatory cysteines were significantly S-glutathionylated on mitochondrial complex I and II, GAPDH, MDH1, ACO2, and mitochondrial complex V among others. Similarly, S-glutathionylation of RYR1, SERCA1, titin, and troponin I2 are known to regulate muscle contractility and were significantly S-glutathionylated after just 15 min of fatiguing contractions. The largest fold changes (> 1.6) in the S-glutathionylated proteome after fatigue occurred on signaling proteins such as 14-3-3 protein gamma and MAP2K4, as well as proteins like SERCA1, and NDUV2 of mitochondrial complex I, at previously unknown glutathionylation sites. These findings highlight the important role of redox control over muscle physiology, metabolism, and the exercise adaptive response. This study lays the groundwork for future investigation into the altered exercise adaptation associated with chronic conditions, such as sarcopenia. A single bout of fatiguing contractions increase muscle protein S-glutathionylation. Mitochondrial proteins are sensitive to oxidative modifications following fatigue. The glutathionylated proteome includes cysteines of known functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kramer
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Jicheng Duan
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Anil K Shukla
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Integrative Omics, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
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Glutathionylation: a regulatory role of glutathione in physiological processes. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:1-24. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is an intracellular thiol molecule and a potent antioxidant that participates in the toxic metabolism phase II biotransformation of xenobiotics. It can bind to a variety of proteins in a process known as glutathionylation. Protein glutathionylation is now recognised as one of important posttranslational regulatory mechanisms in cell and tissue physiology. Direct and indirect regulatory roles in physiological processes include glutathionylation of major transcriptional factors, eicosanoids, cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO). This review looks into these regulatory mechanisms through examples of glutathione regulation in apoptosis, vascularisation, metabolic processes, mitochondrial integrity, immune system, and neural physiology. The focus is on the physiological roles of glutathione beyond biotransformational metabolism.
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Dutka TL, Mollica JP, Lamboley CR, Weerakkody VC, Greening DW, Posterino GS, Murphy RM, Lamb GD. S-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation of Cys134 on troponin I have opposing competitive actions on Ca2+ sensitivity in rat fast-twitch muscle fibers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C316-C327. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is generated in skeletal muscle with activity and decreases Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus, putatively by S-nitrosylation of an unidentified protein. We investigated the mechanistic basis of this effect and its relationship to the oxidation-induced increase in Ca2+ sensitivity in mammalian fast-twitch (FT) fibers mediated by S-glutathionylation of Cys134 on fast troponin I (TnIf). Force-[Ca2+] characteristics of the contractile apparatus in mechanically skinned fibers were assessed by direct activation with heavily Ca2+-buffered solutions. Treatment with S-nitrosylating agents, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) or S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), decreased pCa50 ( = −log10 [Ca2+] at half-maximal activation) by ~−0.07 pCa units in rat and human FT fibers without affecting maximum force, but had no effect on rat and human slow-twitch fibers or toad or chicken FT fibers, which all lack Cys134. The Ca2+ sensitivity decrease was 1) fully reversed with dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione, 2) at least partially reversed with ascorbate, indicative of involvement of S-nitrosylation, and 3) irreversibly blocked by low concentration of the alkylating agent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The biotin-switch assay showed that both GSNO and SNAP treatments caused S-nitrosylation of TnIf. S-glutathionylation pretreatment blocked the effects of S-nitrosylation on Ca2+ sensitivity, and vice-versa. S-nitrosylation pretreatment prevented NEM from irreversibly blocking S-glutathionylation of TnIf and its effects on Ca2+ sensitivity, and likewise S-glutathionylation pretreatment prevented NEM block of S-nitrosylation. Following substitution of TnIf into rat slow-twitch fibers, S-nitrosylation treatment caused decreased Ca2+ sensitivity. These findings demonstrate that S-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation exert opposing effects on Ca2+ sensitivity in mammalian FT muscle fibers, mediated by competitive actions on Cys134 of TnIf.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Dutka
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. P. Mollica
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C. R. Lamboley
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - V. C. Weerakkody
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. S. Posterino
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R. M. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. D. Lamb
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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