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Balayan A, DeBoutray M, Molley TG, Ruoss S, Maceda M, Sevier A, Robertson CM, Ward SR, Engler AJ. Dispase/collagenase cocktail allows for coisolation of satellite cells and fibroadipogenic progenitors from human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1193-C1202. [PMID: 38581669 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00023.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) and fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are progenitor populations found in muscle that form new myofibers postinjury. Muscle development, regeneration, and tissue-engineering experiments require robust progenitor populations, yet their isolation and expansion are difficult given their scarcity in muscle, limited muscle biopsy sizes in humans, and lack of methodological detail in the literature. Here, we investigated whether a dispase and collagenase type 1 and 2 cocktail could allow dual isolation of SCs and FAPs, enabling significantly increased yield from human skeletal muscle. Postdissociation, we found that single cells could be sorted into CD56 + CD31-CD45- (SC) and CD56-CD31-CD45- (FAP) cell populations, expanded in culture, and characterized for lineage-specific marker expression and differentiation capacity; we obtained ∼10% SCs and ∼40% FAPs, with yields twofold better than what is reported in current literature. SCs were PAX7+ and retained CD56 expression and myogenic fusion potential after multiple passages, expanding up to 1012 cells. Conversely, FAPs expressed CD140a and differentiated into either fibroblasts or adipocytes upon induction. This study demonstrates robust isolation of both SCs and FAPs from the same muscle sample with SC recovery more than two times higher than previously reported, which could enable translational studies for muscle injuries.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated that a dispase/collagenase cocktail allows for simultaneous isolation of SCs and FAPs with 2× higher SC yield compared with other studies. We provide a thorough characterization of SC and FAP in vitro expansion that other studies have not reported. Following our dissociation, SCs and FAPs were able to expand by up to 1012 cells before reaching senescence and maintained differentiation capacity in vitro demonstrating their efficacy for clinical translation for muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alis Balayan
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Marie DeBoutray
- Department of ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas G Molley
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Severin Ruoss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Matthew Maceda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ashley Sevier
- California State University, Bakersfield, Bakersfield, California, United States
| | - Catherine M Robertson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Samuel R Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Adam J Engler
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States
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Billeskov TB, Jensen JB, Jessen N, Farup J. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and phenotypic characterization of human fibro-adipogenic progenitors. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102008. [PMID: 36640368 PMCID: PMC9846001 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of stem cells to activate and differentiate is critical for maintaining the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. Here, we detail steps for specific quantification and isolation of primary human fibro-adipogenic progenitors and skeletal muscle stem cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We describe important phenotypic traits such as time to enter the cell cycle and assessment of cell differentiation for the isolated cell populations. The technique has been applied on tissue obtained from surgery and needle biopsies. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Farup et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Borum Billeskov
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Hormonal and Bone Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Brorson Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Hormonal and Bone Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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3
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Mechanisms of skeletal muscle-tendon development and regeneration/healing as potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 243:108357. [PMID: 36764462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction is essential for the movement of our musculoskeletal system. Tendons and ligaments that connect the skeletal muscles to bones in the correct position at the appropriate time during development are also required for movement to occur. Since the musculoskeletal system is essential for maintaining basic bodily functions as well as enabling interactions with the environment, dysfunctions of these tissues due to disease can significantly reduce quality of life. Unfortunately, as people live longer, skeletal muscle and tendon/ligament diseases are becoming more common. Sarcopenia, a disease in which skeletal muscle function declines, and tendinopathy, which involves chronic tendon dysfunction, are particularly troublesome because there have been no significant advances in their treatment. In this review, we will summarize previous reports on the development and regeneration/healing of skeletal muscle and tendon tissues, including a discussion of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved that may be used as potential therapeutic targets.
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Rynikova M, Adamkova P, Hradicka P, Stofilova J, Harvanova D, Matejova J, Demeckova V. Transcriptomic Analysis of Macrophage Polarization Protocols: Vitamin D 3 or IL-4 and IL-13 Do Not Polarize THP-1 Monocytes into Reliable M2 Macrophages. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020608. [PMID: 36831144 PMCID: PMC9953291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two main types of macrophages (Mφ) include inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. These cells can be obtained in vitro by polarization of monocytic cell lines using various stimuli. Since there is currently no consensus on the best method for the acquisition of reliable M1 and M2 macrophages from the THP-1 cell line, we decided to compare three different polarization protocols at the transcriptomic level. Whole transcriptomes of Mφ polarized according to the chosen protocols were analyzed using RNA-seq. Differential expression of genes and functional enrichment for gene ontology terms were assessed. Compared with other protocols, M1 macrophages polarized using PMA (61.3 ng/mL) and IFN-γ along with LPS had the highest expression of M1-associated regulatory genes and genes for M1 cytokines and chemokines. According to the GO enrichment analysis, genes involved in defensive and inflammatory processes were differentially expressed in these Mφ. However, all three chosen protocols which use Vit D3, IL-13/IL-4, and IL-4, respectively, failed to promote the polarization of macrophages with a reliable M2 phenotype. Therefore, optimization or development of a new M2 polarization protocol is needed to achieve macrophages with a reliable anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rynikova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Adamkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Hradicka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jana Stofilova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Harvanova
- Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Matejova
- Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Demeckova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Oskolkov N, Santel M, Parikh HM, Ekström O, Camp GJ, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Ström K, Mir BA, Kryvokhyzha D, Lehtovirta M, Kobayashi H, Kakigi R, Naito H, Eriksson KF, Nystedt B, Fuku N, Treutlein B, Pääbo S, Hansson O. High-throughput muscle fiber typing from RNA sequencing data. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:16. [PMID: 35780170 PMCID: PMC9250227 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle fiber type distribution has implications for human health, muscle function, and performance. This knowledge has been gathered using labor-intensive and costly methodology that limited these studies. Here, we present a method based on muscle tissue RNA sequencing data (totRNAseq) to estimate the distribution of skeletal muscle fiber types from frozen human samples, allowing for a larger number of individuals to be tested. Methods By using single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data as a reference, cluster expression signatures were produced by averaging gene expression of cluster gene markers and then applying these to totRNAseq data and inferring muscle fiber nuclei type via linear matrix decomposition. This estimate was then compared with fiber type distribution measured by ATPase staining or myosin heavy chain protein isoform distribution of 62 muscle samples in two independent cohorts (n = 39 and 22). Results The correlation between the sequencing-based method and the other two were rATPas = 0.44 [0.13–0.67], [95% CI], and rmyosin = 0.83 [0.61–0.93], with p = 5.70 × 10–3 and 2.00 × 10–6, respectively. The deconvolution inference of fiber type composition was accurate even for very low totRNAseq sequencing depths, i.e., down to an average of ~ 10,000 paired-end reads. Conclusions This new method (https://github.com/OlaHanssonLab/PredictFiberType) consequently allows for measurement of fiber type distribution of a larger number of samples using totRNAseq in a cost and labor-efficient way. It is now feasible to study the association between fiber type distribution and e.g. health outcomes in large well-powered studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-022-00299-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Santel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hemang M Parikh
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Ola Ekström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gray J Camp
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kristoffer Ström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Mikko Lehtovirta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ryo Kakigi
- Faculty of Management & Information Science, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Björn Nystedt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Japan
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
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Oxfeldt M, Dalgaard LB, Farup J, Hansen M. Sex Hormones and Satellite Cell Regulation in Women. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9065923. [PMID: 38655160 PMCID: PMC11022763 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9065923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have seen growing scholarly interest in female physiology in general. Moreover, particular attention has been devoted to how concentrations of female sex hormones vary during the menstrual cycle and menopausal transition and how hormonal contraception and hormonal therapy influence skeletal muscle tissue. While much effort has been paid to macro outcomes, such as muscle function or mass, rather less attention has been paid to mechanistic work that may help explain the underlying mechanism through which sex hormones regulate skeletal muscle tissue. Evidence from animal studies shows a strong relationship between the female sex hormone estrogen and satellite cells (SCs), a population of muscle stem cells involved in skeletal muscle regulation. A few human studies investigating this relationship have been published only recently. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bring an updated review on female sex hormones and their role in SC regulation. First, we describe how SCs regulate skeletal muscle maintenance and repair and introduce sex hormone signaling within the muscle. Second, we present evidence from animal studies elucidating how estrogen deficiency and supplementation influence SCs. Third, we present results from investigations from human trials including women whose concentrations of female hormones differ due to menopause, hormone therapy, hormonal contraceptives, and the menstrual cycle. Finally, we discuss research and methodological recommendations for future studies aiming at elucidating the link between female sex hormones and SCs with respect to aging and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Oxfeldt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Anderson JE. Key concepts in muscle regeneration: muscle "cellular ecology" integrates a gestalt of cellular cross-talk, motility, and activity to remodel structure and restore function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:273-300. [PMID: 34928395 PMCID: PMC8685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review identifies some key concepts of muscle regeneration, viewed from perspectives of classical and modern research. Early insights noted the pattern and sequence of regeneration across species was similar, regardless of the type of injury, and differed from epimorphic limb regeneration. While potential benefits of exercise for tissue repair was debated, regeneration was not presumed to deliver functional restoration, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury; muscle could develop fibrosis and ectopic bone and fat. Standard protocols and tools were identified as necessary for tracking injury and outcomes. Current concepts vastly extend early insights. Myogenic regeneration occurs within the environment of muscle tissue. Intercellular cross-talk generates an interactive system of cellular networks that with the extracellular matrix and local, regional, and systemic influences, forms the larger gestalt of the satellite cell niche. Regenerative potential and adaptive plasticity are overlain by epigenetically regionalized responsiveness and contributions by myogenic, endothelial, and fibroadipogenic progenitors and inflammatory and metabolic processes. Muscle architecture is a living portrait of functional regulatory hierarchies, while cellular dynamics, physical activity, and muscle-tendon-bone biomechanics arbitrate regeneration. The scope of ongoing research-from molecules and exosomes to morphology and physiology-reveals compelling new concepts in muscle regeneration that will guide future discoveries for use in application to fitness, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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