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Chen L, Elizalde M, Dubois LJ, Roeth AA, Neumann UP, Olde Damink SWM, Schaap FG, Alvarez-Sola G. GAL3ST1 Deficiency Reduces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumorigenic Capacity in a Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7279. [PMID: 39000386 PMCID: PMC11242791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or bile duct cancer, is the second most common liver malignancy, with an increasing incidence in Western countries. The lack of effective treatments associated with the absence of early symptoms highlights the need to search for new therapeutic targets for CCA. Sulfatides (STs), a type of sulfoglycosphingolipids, have been found in the biliary tract, with increased levels in CCA and other types of cancer. STs are involved in protein trafficking and cell adhesion as part of the lipid rafts of the plasma membrane. We aimed to study the role of STs in CCA by the genetic targeting of GAL3ST1, an enzyme involved in ST synthesis. We used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate GAL3ST1-deficient TFK1 cells. GAL3ST1 KO cells showed lower proliferation and clonogenic activity and reduced glycolytic activity compared to TFK1 cells. Polarized TFK1 GAL3ST1 KO cells displayed increased transepithelial resistance and reduced permeability compared to TFK1 wt cells. The loss of GAL3ST1 showed a negative effect on growth in 30 out of 34 biliary tract cancer cell lines from the DepMap database. GAL3ST1 deficiency partially restored epithelial identity and barrier function and reduced proliferative activity in CCA cells. Sulfatide synthesis may provide a novel therapeutic target for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.C.); (A.A.R.); (U.P.N.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
| | - Montserrat Elizalde
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Anjali A. Roeth
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.C.); (A.A.R.); (U.P.N.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.C.); (A.A.R.); (U.P.N.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.C.); (A.A.R.); (U.P.N.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G. Schaap
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.C.); (A.A.R.); (U.P.N.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gloria Alvarez-Sola
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.C.); (A.A.R.); (U.P.N.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (F.G.S.)
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Vaes RDW, van Bijnen AA, Damink SWMO, Rensen SS. Pancreatic Tumor Organoid-Derived Factors from Cachectic Patients Disrupt Contractile Smooth Muscle Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:542. [PMID: 38339292 PMCID: PMC10854749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer often suffer from cachexia and experience gastrointestinal symptoms that may be related to intestinal smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction. We hypothesized that pancreatic tumor organoids from cachectic patients release factors that perturb the SMC's contractile characteristics. Human visceral SMCs were exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from the pancreatic tumor organoid cultures of cachectic (n = 2) and non-cachectic (n = 2) patients. Contractile proteins and markers of inflammation, muscle atrophy, and proliferation were evaluated by qPCR and Western blot. SMC proliferation and migration were monitored by live cell imaging. The Ki-67-positive cell fraction was determined in the intestinal smooth musculature of pancreatic cancer patients. CM from the pancreatic tumor organoids of cachectic patients did not affect IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, or Atrogin-1 expression. However, CM reduced the α-SMA, γ-SMA, and SM22-α levels, which was accompanied by a reduced SMC doubling time and increased expression of S100A4, a Ca2+-binding protein associated with the synthetic SMC phenotype. In line with this, Ki-67-positive nuclei were increased in the intestinal smooth musculature of patients with a low versus high L3-SMI. In conclusion, patient-derived pancreatic tumor organoids release factors that compromise the contractile SMC phenotype and increase SMC proliferation. This may contribute to the frequently observed gastrointestinal motility problems in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne D. W. Vaes
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A. van Bijnen
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sander S. Rensen
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Xuan Z, Peng Q, Larsen T, Gurevich L, de Claville Christiansen J, Zachar V, Pennisi CP. Tailoring Hydrogel Composition and Stiffness to Control Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation in Bioprinted Constructs. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:199-212. [PMID: 36401768 PMCID: PMC10070577 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable in vitro cellular models are needed to study the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in health and disease. The aim of this study was to optimize gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/alginate hydrogels for bioprinting three-dimensional (3D) SMC constructs. METHODS Four different hydrogel groups were prepared by mixing different concentrations (% w/v) of GelMA and alginate: G1 (5/1.5), G2 (5/3), G3 (7.5/1.5), and G4 (7.5/3). GelMA 10% was used as control (G5). A circular structure containing human bladder SMCs was fabricated by using an extrusion-based bioprinter. The effects of the mixing ratios on printability, viability, proliferation, and differentiation of the cells were investigated. RESULTS Rheological analysis showed that the addition of alginate significantly stabilized the change in mechanical properties with temperature variations. The group with the highest GelMA and alginate concentrations (G4) exhibited the highest viscosity, resulting in better stability of the 3D construct after crosslinking. Compared to other hydrogel compositions, cells in G4 maintained high viability (> 80%), exhibited spindle-shaped morphology, and showed a significantly higher proliferation rate within an 8-day period. More importantly, G4 provided an optimal environment for the induction of a SMC contractile phenotype, as evidenced by significant changes in the expression of marker proteins and morphological parameters. CONCLUSION Adjusting the composition of GelMA/alginate hydrogels is an effective means of controlling the SMC phenotype. These hydrogels support bioprinting of 3D models to study phenotypic smooth muscle adaptation, with the prospect of using the constructs in the study of therapies for the treatment of urethral strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhe Xuan
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Qiuyue Peng
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas Larsen
- Materials Science and Engineering Group, Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 103, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Leonid Gurevich
- Materials Science and Engineering Group, Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 103, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper de Claville Christiansen
- Materials Science and Engineering Group, Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 103, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
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Shinozaki R, Eguchi R, Wakabayashi I. Experimental conditions and protein markers for redifferentiation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:24. [PMID: 36846618 PMCID: PMC9944247 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A phenotype switch from contractile type to proliferative type of arterial smooth muscle cells is known as dedifferentiation, but to the best of our knowledge, little is known about redifferentiation of coronary artery smooth muscle cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine in vitro culture conditions for inducing redifferentiation of coronary artery smooth muscle cells. In addition, the present study aimed to determine protein markers for detection of redifferentiated arterial smooth muscle cells. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) were cultured in the presence or absence of growth factors, including epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-B and insulin. Protein expression and migration activity of HCASMCs were evaluated using western blotting and migration assay, respectively. In HCASMCs 5 days after 100% confluency, expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), calponin, caldesmon and SM22α were significantly increased, while expression levels of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and S100A4 and migration activity were significantly decreased, compared with the corresponding levels just after reaching 100% confluency, indicating that redifferentiation occurred. Redifferentiation was also induced in a low-density culture of HCASMCs in the medium without growth factors. When the culture medium for confluent cells was replaced daily with fresh medium, the expression levels of α-SMA, caldesmon, SM22α, PCNA and S100A4 and migration activity were not significantly different but the calponin expression was significantly increased compared with the levels in dedifferentiated cells just after reaching 100% confluency. Thus, redifferentiation was induced in HCASMCs by deprivation of growth factors from culture medium. The results suggested that α-SMA, caldesmon and SM22α, but not calponin, are markers of redifferentiation of HCASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shinozaki
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoji Eguchi
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Wakabayashi
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan,Correspondence to: Professor Ichiro Wakabayashi, Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Bachmann JC, Baumgart SJ, Uryga AK, Bosteen MH, Borghetti G, Nyberg M, Herum KM. Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Dual Roles of Fibrosis in HFpEF and CAD. Cells 2022; 11:1657. [PMID: 35626694 PMCID: PMC9139546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atherosclerosis-driven coronary artery disease (CAD) will have ongoing fibrotic remodeling both in the myocardium and in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the functional consequences of fibrosis differ for each location. Thus, cardiac fibrosis leads to myocardial stiffening, thereby compromising cardiac function, while fibrotic remodeling stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, thereby reducing the risk of plaque rupture. Although there are currently no drugs targeting cardiac fibrosis, it is a field under intense investigation, and future drugs must take these considerations into account. To explore similarities and differences of fibrotic remodeling at these two locations of the heart, we review the signaling pathways that are activated in the main extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells, namely human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although these signaling pathways are highly overlapping and context-dependent, effects on ECM remodeling mainly act through two core signaling cascades: TGF-β and Angiotensin II. We complete this by summarizing the knowledge gained from clinical trials targeting these two central fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate M. Herum
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark; (J.C.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.K.U.); (M.H.B.); (G.B.); (M.N.)
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Cardiovascular protection associated with cilostazol, colchicine and target of rapamycin inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:31-43. [PMID: 35384911 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT An alteration in extracellular matrix production by vascular smooth muscle cells is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as aging-related, atherosclerosis and allograft vasculopathy. The human target of rapamycin (TOR) is involved in the synthesis of extracellular matrix by vascular smooth muscle cells. TOR inhibitors reduce arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and left ventricle hypertrophy and decrease cardiovascular risk in kidney graft recipients and patients with coronary artery disease and heart allograft vasculopathy. Other drugs that modulate extracellular matrix production such as cilostazol and colchicine have also demonstrated a beneficial cardiovascular effect. Clinical studies have consistently shown that cilostazol confers cardiovascular protection in peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. In patients with type 2 diabetes, cilostazol prevents the progression of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Colchicine reduces arterial stiffness in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever and patients with coronary artery disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effect of these drugs may be related to interactions between the cytoskeleton, TOR signaling and cyclic AMP synthesis that remain to be fully elucidated. Adult vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit a contractile phenotype and produce little extracellular matrix. Conditions that upregulate extracellular matrix synthesis induce a phenotypic switch toward a synthetic phenotype. TOR inhibition with rapamycin reduces extracellular matrix production by promoting the change to the contractile phenotype. Cilostazol increases the cytosolic level of cyclic AMP, which in turn leads to a reduction in extracellular matrix synthesis. Colchicine is a microtubule-destabilizing agent that may enhance the synthesis of cyclic AMP.
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Gnecco JS, Brown AT, Kan EL, Baugh L, Ives C, Loring M, Griffith LG. Physiomimetic Models of Adenomyosis. Semin Reprod Med 2020; 38:179-196. [PMID: 33176387 PMCID: PMC7803459 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenomyosis remains an enigmatic disease in the clinical and research communities. The high prevalence, diversity of morphological and symptomatic presentations, array of potential etiological explanations, and variable response to existing interventions suggest that different subgroups of patients with distinguishable mechanistic drivers of disease may exist. These factors, combined with the weak links to genetic predisposition, make the entire spectrum of the human condition challenging to model in animals. Here, after an overview of current approaches, a vision for applying physiomimetic modeling to adenomyosis is presented. Physiomimetics combines a system's biology analysis of patient populations to generate hypotheses about mechanistic bases for stratification with in vitro patient avatars to test these hypotheses. A substantial foundation for three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering of adenomyosis lesions exists in several disparate areas: epithelial organoid technology; synthetic biomaterials matrices for epithelial–stromal coculture; smooth muscle 3D tissue engineering; and microvascular tissue engineering. These approaches can potentially be combined with microfluidic platform technologies to model the lesion microenvironment and can potentially be coupled to other microorgan systems to examine systemic effects. In vitro patient-derived models are constructed to answer specific questions leading to target identification and validation in a manner that informs preclinical research and ultimately clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Gnecco
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alex T Brown
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ellen L Kan
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Baugh
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Ives
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Megan Loring
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Care Collaborative, Center for Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Maruyama S, Imanaka S, Nagayasu M, Kimura M, Kobayashi H. Relationship between adenomyosis and endometriosis; Different phenotypes of a single disease? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 253:191-197. [PMID: 32877772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenomyosis and endometriosis are common gynecological disorders, but their pathophysiology is still under debate. The aim of this review is to discuss whether adenomyosis and endometriosis represent two different entities or different phenotypes of a single disease. We searched PubMed electronic databases published between January 2000 and April 2020. Endometriosis is classified into three phenotypes; superficial peritoneal disease (SUP), ovarian endometrioma (OMA) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) lesions. Adenomyosis presents several different subtypes, including intrinsic adenomyosis, extrinsic adenomyosis, adenomyosis externa and focal adenomyosis located in the outer myometrium (FAOM). Human uterus is embryologically composed of archimetra, originating from the Müllerian duct, and neometra, arising from the non-Müllerian duct, and adenomyosis and endometriosis are diseases of archimetra. The outer myometrial layer of the uterus is composed of highly differentiated smooth muscle cells (SMCs), while the inner myometrial cells are immature. Inappropriate uterine contractions can cause retrograde menstruation and chronic inflammation in the pelvic cavity, then influencing the development of pelvic endometriosis. Furthermore, hyperperistalsis results in physiological and pathological changes to the endometrial-myometrial junctional barrier, allowing invagination of the normal endometrial tissue into the inner myometrial layer. This can trigger the development of intrinsic adenomyosis. There are insufficient data available to draw conclusions, but extrinsic adenomyosis may result from pelvic endometriosis and FAOM from rectal and bladder DIE/adenomyosis externa. In conclusions, this paper contributes to the debate in the possibility that adenomyosis and endometriosis represent different phenotypes of a single disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiyo Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan; Department of Gynecology and Infertility, Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, 634-0813, Japan
| | - Mika Nagayasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mai Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan; Department of Gynecology and Infertility, Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, 634-0813, Japan.
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