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Zuo JY, Chen HX, Yang Q, He GW. Variants of the promoter of MYH6 gene in congenital isolated and sporadic patent ductus arteriosus: case-control study and cellular functional analyses. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:884-893. [PMID: 38340456 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common form of congenital heart disease. The MYH6 gene has important effects on cardiovascular growth and development, but the effect of variants in the MYH6 gene promoter on ductus arteriosus is unknown. DNA was extracted from blood samples of 721 subjects (428 patients with isolated and sporadic PDA and 293 healthy controls) and analyzed by sequencing for MYH6 gene promoter region variants. Cellular function experiments with three cell lines (HEK-293, HL-1, and H9C2 cells) and bioinformatics analyses were performed to verify their effects on gene expression. In the MYH6 gene promoter, 11 variants were identified. Four variants were found only in patients with PDA and 2 of them (g.3434G>C and g.4524C>T) were novel. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the transcription factors bound by the promoter variants were significantly altered in comparison to the wild-type in all three cell lines. Dual luciferase reporter showed that all the 4 variants reduced the transcriptional activity of the MYH6 gene promoter (P < 0.05). Prediction of transcription factors bound by the variants indicated that these variants alter the transcription factor binding sites. These pathological alterations most likely affect the contraction of the smooth muscle of ductus arteriosus, leading to PDA. This study is the first to focus on variants at the promoter region of the MYH6 gene in PDA patients with cellular function tests. Therefore, this study provides new insights to understand the genetic basis and facilitates further studies on the mechanism of PDA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yang Zuo
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, No. 61, the 3rd Ave, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
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Perrot A, Rickert-Sperling S. Human Genetics of Ventricular Septal Defect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:505-534. [PMID: 38884729 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are recognized as one of the commonest congenital heart diseases (CHD), accounting for up to 40% of all cardiac malformations, and occur as isolated CHDs as well as together with other cardiac and extracardiac congenital malformations in individual patients and families. The genetic etiology of VSD is complex and extraordinarily heterogeneous. Chromosomal abnormalities such as aneuploidy and structural variations as well as rare point mutations in various genes have been reported to be associated with this cardiac defect. This includes both well-defined syndromes with known genetic cause (e.g., DiGeorge syndrome and Holt-Oram syndrome) and so far undefined syndromic forms characterized by unspecific symptoms. Mutations in genes encoding cardiac transcription factors (e.g., NKX2-5 and GATA4) and signaling molecules (e.g., CFC1) have been most frequently found in VSD cases. Moreover, new high-resolution methods such as comparative genomic hybridization enabled the discovery of a high number of different copy number variations, leading to gain or loss of chromosomal regions often containing multiple genes, in patients with VSD. In this chapter, we will describe the broad genetic heterogeneity observed in VSD patients considering recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Perrot
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Bolunduț AC, Lazea C, Mihu CM. Genetic Alterations of Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules Involved in the Development of Congenital Heart Defects-A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050812. [PMID: 37238360 DOI: 10.3390/children10050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital abnormality, with an overall global birth prevalence of 9.41 per 1000 live births. The etiology of CHDs is complex and still poorly understood. Environmental factors account for about 10% of all cases, while the rest are likely explained by a genetic component that is still under intense research. Transcription factors and signaling molecules are promising candidates for studies regarding the genetic burden of CHDs. The present narrative review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding some of the genetic mechanisms involved in the embryological development of the cardiovascular system. In addition, we reviewed the association between the genetic variation in transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in heart development, including TBX5, GATA4, NKX2-5 and CRELD1, and congenital heart defects, providing insight into the complex pathogenesis of this heterogeneous group of diseases. Further research is needed in order to uncover their downstream targets and the complex network of interactions with non-genetic risk factors for a better molecular-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Histology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Yin XY, Chen HX, Chen Z, Yang Q, Han J, He GW. Genetic Variants of ISL1 Gene Promoter Identified from Congenital Tetralogy of Fallot Patients Alter Cellular Function Forming Disease Basis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020358. [PMID: 36830727 PMCID: PMC9953631 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in newborns. ISL1 is a master transcription factor in second heart field development, whereas the roles of ISL1 gene promoter variants in TOF patients have not been genetically investigated. Total DNA extraction from 601 human subjects, including 308 TOF patients and 293 healthy controls, and Sanger sequencing were performed. Four variants (including one novel heterozygous variant) within the ISL1 gene promoter were only found in TOF patients. Functional analysis of DNA sequence variants was performed by using the dual-luciferase reporter assay and demonstrated that three of the four variants significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of ISL1 gene promoter in HL-1 cells (p < 0.05). Further, the online JASPAR database and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the three variants affected the binding of transcription factors and altered ISL1 expression levels. In conclusion, the current study for the first time demonstrated that the variants identified from the ISL1 gene promoter region are likely involved in the development of TOF by affecting the transcriptional activity and altering the ISL1 expression level. Therefore, these findings may provide new insights into the molecular etiology and potential therapeutic strategy of TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Yin
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-22-6520-9089
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Sarwar S, Shabana, Sajjad K, Hasnain S. Genetic studies in the Pakistani population reveal novel associations with ventricular septal defects (VSDs). BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36759823 PMCID: PMC9909889 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With prevalence up to 4%, Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths. VSD is a common complex genetic disorder that has been associated with many genetic determinants. Variants from genes for the transcription factors including T-Box TBX5 and NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ISLET1 (encoded by the ISL1 gene) and enzyme MTHFR, a methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase were selected. Genetic risk score (GRS) is a widely accepted approach used to convert the genetic data into prediction and assessment tool for disease susceptibility. METHODS A total of 200 participants were recruited for the current study, 100 VSD patients and 100 controls. Genotyping of the ISL1: rs1017, NFATc1: rs7240256, VEGF: rs36208048, TBX5: rs11067075, and MTHFR: rs1801133 variants was performed using tetra primer ARMS PCR and PCR-RFLP. For the statistical analysis, the software SPSS version 23 was used. Genotypic frequencies of cases and controls were calculated using chi-square (χ²) whereas allelic frequencies were calculated by using the SNPStats tool. The association of GRS quartiles with VSD was examined using binary logistic regression. Adjusted p-value 0.01 was used as significance threshold for all analyses. RESULTS The ISL1 (OD: 0.242, CI: 0.158-0.37, p-value: 2.15 × 10- 4 :), NFATc1 (OD: 2.53, CI: 1.64-3.89, p-value: 2.11 × 10- 5), TBX5 (OD: 2.24, CI: 1.47-3.41, p-value:1.6 × 10- 4) and MTHFR (OD: 10.46, CI: 5.68-19.26, p-value: 2.09 × 10- 9:) variants were found to be in association with VSD. In contrast, the VEGF (OD: 0.952, CI: 0.56-1.62, p-value: 0.8921) variant did not show significance association with the VSD. For cases, the mean GRS score was 3.78 ± 1.285 while in controls it was 2.95 ± 1.290 (p-value: 0.479, CI: 0.474-1.190). Comparison of GRS between cases and control showed that mean GRS of cases was 1.90 ± 0.480 while in controls it was 1.68 ± 0.490 (p-value: 0.001, CI: 0.086-0.354). Higher quartiles were more prevalent in cases whereas lower quartiles were more prevalent in controls. CONCLUSION GRS of these five loci was strongly associated with VSD. Moreover, genetic risk score can provide better information for the association between variants and disease as compared to a single SNP. We also illustrated that the cumulative power of GRS is greater over the single SNP effect. This is a pilot scale study with a relatively small sample size whose findings should be replicated in a larger sample size for the unique local Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbal Sarwar
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, 54590, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shabana
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, 54590, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Khadija Sajjad
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XInstitute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Hasnain
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XInstitute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
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Yin XY, Chen HX, Chen Z, Yang Q, Han J, He GW. Identification and functional analysis of genetic variants of ISL1 gene promoter in human atrial septal defects. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3450. [PMID: 36170181 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common type of congenital heart disease. A gene promoter plays pivotal role in the disease development. This study was designed to investigate the pathological role of variants of the ISL1 gene promoter region in ASD patients. METHODS Total DNA extracted from 625 subjects, including 332 ASD patients and 293 healthy controls, was sequenced to identify variants in the promoter region of ISL1 gene. Further functional analyses of the variants were performed with dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). All possible binding sites of transcription factor affected by the identified variants were predicted using the JASPAR database. RESULTS Four variants in the ISL1 gene promoter were found only in patients with ASD by sequencing. Three of the four variants [g.4923 G > C (rs541081886), g.5079 A > G (rs1371835943) and g.5309 G > A (rs116222082)] significantly decreased the transcriptional activities compared with the wild-type ISL1 gene promoter (p < 0.05). The EMSA revealed that these variants [g.4923 G > C (rs541081886), g.5079 A > G (rs1371835943) and g.5309 G > A (rs116222082)] in the ISL1 gene promoter affected the number and affinity of binding sites of transcription factors. Further analysis with the online JASPAR database demonstrated that a cluster of putative binding sites for transcription factors may be altered by these variants. CONCLUSIONS These sequence variants identified from the promoter region of ISL1 gene in ASD patients are probably involved in the development of ASD by affecting the transcriptional activity and altering ISL1 levels. Therefore, these findings may provide new insights into the molecular etiology and potential therapeutic strategy of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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Chen Z, Chen HX, Hou HT, Yin XY, Yang Q, He GW. Pathophysiological Role of Variants of the Promoter Region of CITED2 Gene in Sporadic Tetralogy of Fallot Patients with Cellular Function Verification. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1644. [PMID: 36358994 PMCID: PMC9687598 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a common congenital heart malformation. Genetic variants in the CITED2 coding region are known to be significantly associated with cardiac malformation, but the role of variants in the CITED2 promoter region in the development of TOF remains unclear. In this study, we investigated CITED2 promoter variants in the DNA of 605 subjects, including 312 TOF patients and 293 unrelated healthy controls, by Sanger sequencing. We identified nine CITED2 gene promoter variants (including one novel heterozygous variant). Six were found only in patients with TOF and none in the control group. The transcriptional activity of the CITED2 gene promoter in mouse cardiomyocyte (HL-1) cells was significantly altered by the six variants (p < 0.05). The results of the electrophoretic mobility change assay and JASPAR database analysis showed that these variants generated or destroyed a series of possible transcription factor binding sites, resulting in changes in the CITED2 protein expression. We conclude that CITED2 promoter variants in TOF patients affect transcriptional activity and may be involved in the occurrence and progression of TOF. These findings may provide new insights into molecular pathogenesis and potential therapeutic insights in patients with TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Yin
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
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Chen Z, Chen HX, Hou HT, Yin XY, Yang Q, Han J, He GW. Genetic Variants of CITED2 Gene Promoter in Human Atrial Septal Defects: Case-Control Study and Cellular Functional Verification. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100321. [PMID: 36286273 PMCID: PMC9604052 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common forms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Genetic variants in the coding region of the CITED2 gene are known to be significantly correlated with CHD, but the role of variants in the promoter region of CITED2 is unknown. We investigated variants in the promoter of the CITED2 gene in 625 subjects (332 ASD and 293 healthy controls) through Sanger sequencing. Four variants in the CITED2 gene promoter were found only in eight ASD patients with zero occurrence in the control subjects (one case of g.4078A>C(rs1165649373), one case of g.4240C>A(rs1235857801), four cases of g.4935C>T(rs111470468), two cases of g.5027C>T(rs112831934)). Cellular functional analysis showed that these four variants significantly changed the transcriptional activity of the CITED2 gene promoter in HEK-293 and HL-1 cells. Electrophoretic mobility change assay results and JASPAR database analysis demonstrated that these variants created or destroyed a series of possible transcription factor binding sites, resulting in changes in the expression of CITED2 protein. We conclude that the variants of CITED2 promoter in ASD patients affect the transcriptional activity and are likely involved in the occurrence and development of ASD. These findings provide new perspectives on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic insights of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China and The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China and The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (G.-W.H.)
| | - Guo-Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China and The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (G.-W.H.)
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Zeng ZH, Chen HX, Liu XC, Yang Q, He GW. Functional significance of novel variants of the MEF2C gene promoter in congenital ventricular septal defects. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2397-2405. [PMID: 35719119 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease. Although the coding region of MEF2C is highly relevant to cardiac malformations, the role of MEF2C gene promoter variants in VSD patients has not been genetically investigated. We investigated the role of MEF2C gene promoter variants in 400 Han Chinese subjects (200 patients with isolated and sporadic VSD and 200 healthy controls). The promoter region of the MEF2C gene was sequenced that identified 10 variants. Expression vectors encompassing the variants and the firefly luciferase reporter gene plasmid (pGL3-basic) were constructed and subsequently transfected into HEK-293 cells. The luciferase activities were measured by Dual-luciferase reporter assay system. MEF2C gene promoter transcriptional activity was significantly reduced in 4 of the 10 variants in HEK-293 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, the JASPAR database was used to perform bioinformatics analysis, which showed that these variants disrupt the putative binding sites of transcription factors and affected the expression of MEF2C protein. This study for the first time identified the variants in the promoter of the MEF2C gene in Han Chinese population and revealed the role of these variants in the formation of VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Zeng
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascualr Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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