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Buckley LA, Kulhanek DR, Bruder A, Gisslen T, Paulsen ME. Inflammation as a Sex-Specific Mediator in the Relationship between Maternal and Offspring Obesity in C57Bl/6J Mice. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:399. [PMID: 38927279 PMCID: PMC11200566 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a well-established risk factor for offspring obesity development. The relationship between maternal and offspring obesity is mediated in part by developmental programming of offspring metabolic circuitry, including hypothalamic signaling. Dysregulated hypothalamic inflammation has also been linked to development of obesity. We utilized an established C57Bl/6J mouse model of high-fat, high-sugar diet induced maternal obesity to evaluate the effect of maternal obesity on systemic and hypothalamic TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in neonatal and adult offspring. The offspring of dams with obesity demonstrated increased adiposity and decreased activity compared to control offspring. Maternal obesity was associated with decreased plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in adult female offspring and decreased plasma IL-6 in neonatal male offspring. Neonatal female offspring of obese dams had decreased TNF-α gene expression in the hypothalamus compared to control females, while neonatal and adult male offspring of obese dams had decreased IL-6 gene expression in the hypothalamus compared to control males. In summary, our results highlight important sex differences in the inflammatory phenotype of offspring exposed to maternal obesity. Sex-specific immunomodulatory mechanisms should be considered in future efforts to develop therapeutic interventions for obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Buckley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.B.); (T.G.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Debra R. Kulhanek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.B.); (T.G.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Adrienne Bruder
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.B.); (T.G.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Tate Gisslen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.B.); (T.G.); (M.E.P.)
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Megan E. Paulsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.B.); (T.G.); (M.E.P.)
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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Baqueiro MDN, Simino LADP, Costa JP, Panzarin C, Reginato A, Torsoni MA, Ignácio-Souza L, Milanski M, Ross MG, Coca KP, Desai M, Torsoni AS. Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:340. [PMID: 38337626 PMCID: PMC10857148 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and/or high-fat diet (HF) consumption can disrupt appetite regulation in their offspring, contributing to transgenerational obesity and metabolic diseases. As fatty acids (FAs) play a role in appetite regulation, we investigated the maternal and fetal levels of FAs as potential contributors to programmed hyperphagia observed in the offspring of obese dams. Female mice were fed either a control diet (CT) or HF prior to mating, and fetal and maternal blood and tissues were collected at 19 days of gestation. Elevated levels of linoleic acid were observed in the serum of HF dams as well as in the serum of their fetuses. An increased concentration of eicosadienoic acid was also detected in the hypothalamus of female HF-O fetuses. HF-O male fetuses showed increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression, while HF-O female fetuses showed decreased hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) protein content. Both male and female fetuses exhibited reduced hypothalamic neurogenin 3 (NGN-3) gene expression. In vitro experiments confirmed that LA contributed to the decreased gene expression of Pomc and Ngn-3 in neuronal cells. During lactation, HF female offspring consumed more milk and had a higher body weight compared to CT. In summary, this study demonstrated that exposure to HF prior to and during gestation alters the FA composition in maternal serum and fetal serum and hypothalamus, particularly increasing n-6, which may play a role in the switch from POMC to NPY neurons, leading to increased weight gain in the offspring during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Nóbrega Baqueiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Laís Angélica de Paula Simino
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - João Paulo Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Carolina Panzarin
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Andressa Reginato
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Letícia Ignácio-Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael G. Ross
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.G.R.); (M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kelly Pereira Coca
- Ana Abrao Breastfeeding Center, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04037-001, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Mina Desai
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (M.G.R.); (M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.d.N.B.); (L.A.d.P.S.); (J.P.C.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (M.A.T.); (L.I.-S.); (M.M.)
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Costa SO, Chaves WF, Lopes PKF, Silva IM, Burguer B, Ignácio-Souza LM, Torsoni AS, Milanski M, Rodrigues HG, Desai M, Ross MG, Torsoni MA. Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet modulates the inflammatory response in their offspring, mediated by the M1 muscarinic receptor. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273556. [PMID: 38193079 PMCID: PMC10773672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is associated with various metabolic disorders and diseases. Both pre-pregnancy and maternal obesity can have long-term consequences on offspring health. Furthermore, consuming an HFD in adulthood significantly increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. However, an intriguing phenomenon known as the obesity paradox suggests that obesity may confer a protective effect on mortality outcomes in sepsis. In sepsis, activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) can help mitigate systemic inflammation. We employed a metabolic programming model to explore the relationship between maternal HFD consumption and offspring response to sepsis. Methods We fed female mice either a standard diet (SC) or an HFD during the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation periods. Subsequently, we evaluated 28-day-old male offspring. Results Notably, we discovered that offspring from HFD-fed dams (HFD-O) exhibited a higher survival rate compared with offspring from SC-fed dams (SC-O). Importantly, inhibition of the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (m1mAChR), involved in the CAP, in the hypothalamus abolished this protection. The expression of m1mAChR in the hypothalamus was higher in HFD-O at different ages, peaking on day 28. Treatment with an m1mAChR agonist could modulate the inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. Specifically, CAP activation was greater in the liver of HFD-O following agonist treatment. Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge failed to induce a more inflammatory state in HFD-O, in contrast to SC-O, and agonist treatment had no additional effect. Analysis of spleen immune cells revealed a distinct phenotype in HFD-O, characterized by elevated levels of CD4+ lymphocytes rather than CD8+ lymphocytes. Moreover, basal Il17 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were lower while Il22 mRNA levels were higher in HFD-O, and we observed the same pattern after LPS challenge. Discussion Further examination of myeloid cells isolated from bone marrow and allowed to differentiate showed that HFD-O macrophages displayed an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Additionally, treatment with the m1mAChR agonist contributed to reducing inflammatory marker levels in both groups. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HFD-O are protected against LPS-induced sepsis, and this protection is mediated by the central m1mAChR. Moreover, the inflammatory response in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow-differentiated macrophages is diminished. However, more extensive analysis is necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which m1mAChR modulates the immune response during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyma Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Wenicios Ferreira Chaves
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Iracema M. Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Burguer
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leticia M. Ignácio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Michael Glenn Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Andreani GA, Mahmood S, Patel MS, Rideout TC. Maternal pea fiber supplementation to a high calorie diet in obese pregnancies protects male offspring from metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:711-718. [PMID: 38234128 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of maternal yellow-pea fiber supplementation in obese pregnancies on offspring metabolic health in adulthood. Sixty newly-weaned female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to either a low-calorie control diet (CON) or high calorie obesogenic diet (HC) for 6-weeks. Obese animals were then fed either the HC diet alone or the HC diet supplemented with yellow-pea fiber (HC + FBR) for an additional 4-weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation. On postnatal day (PND) 21, 1 male and 1 female offspring from each dam were weaned onto the CON diet until adulthood (PND 120) for metabolic phenotyping. Adult male, but not female, HC offspring demonstrated increased body weight and feed intake vs CON offspring, however no protection was offered by maternal FBR supplementation. HC male and female adult offspring demonstrated increased serum glucose and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with CON offspring. Maternal FBR supplementation improved glycemic control in male, but not female offspring. Compared with CON offspring, male offspring from HC dams demonstrated marked dyslipidemia (higher serum cholesterol, increased number of TG-rich lipoproteins, and smaller LDL particles) which was largely normalized in offspring from HC + FBR mothers. Male offspring born to obese mothers (HC) had higher hepatic TG, which tended to be lowered (p = 0.07) by maternal FBR supplementation.Supplementation of a maternal high calorie diet with yellow-pea fiber in prepregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation protects male offspring from metabolic dysfunction in the absence of any change in body weight status in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A Andreani
- Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saleh Mahmood
- Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Tkáč I, Xie T, Shah N, Larson S, Dubinsky JM, Gomez-Pastor R, McLoughlin HS, Orr HT, Eberly LE, Öz G. Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1278828. [PMID: 37954878 PMCID: PMC10634209 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1278828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine sex differences in the neurochemical concentrations measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of healthy mice on a genetic background commonly used for neurodegenerative disease models. Methods 1H MRS data collected from wild type mice with C57BL/6 or related genetic backgrounds in seven prior studies were used in this retrospective analysis. To be included, data had to be collected at 9.4 tesla magnetic field using advanced 1H MRS protocols, with isoflurane anesthesia and similar animal handling protocols, and a similar number of datasets from male and female mice had to be available for the brain regions analyzed. Overall, 155 spectra from female mice and 166 spectra from male mice (321 in total), collected from six brain regions (brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) at various ages were included. Results Concentrations of taurine, total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine), ascorbate, glucose and glutamate were consistently higher in male vs. female mice in most brain regions. Striatum was an exception with similar total creatine in male and female mice. The sex difference pattern in the hypothalamus was notably different from other regions. Interaction between sex and age was significant for total creatine and taurine in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Conclusion Sex differences in regional neurochemical levels are small but significant and age-dependent, with consistent male-female differences across most brain regions. The neuroendocrine region hypothalamus displays a different pattern of sex differences in neurochemical levels. Differences in energy metabolism and cellular density may underlie the differences, with higher metabolic rates in females and higher osmoregulatory and antioxidant capacity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tkáč
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tiankai Xie
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nitya Shah
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah Larson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Janet M. Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Harry T. Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lynn E. Eberly
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Rideout TC, Andreani GA, Pembroke J, Choudhary D, Browne RW, Mahmood S, Patel MS. Maternal Pea Protein Intake Provides Sex-Specific Protection against Dyslipidemia in Offspring from Obese Pregnancies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040867. [PMID: 36839225 PMCID: PMC9968008 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of dietary pulse protein has been shown to assist in body weight regulation and improve a range of metabolic health outcomes. We investigated if the exchange of casein for yellow pea protein (YPPN) in an obese-inducing maternal diet throughout pregnancy and lactation offered protection against obesity and dyslipidemia in offspring. Sixty female Sprague Dawley rats were fed a low-calorie control diet (CON), a high-caloric obesity-inducing diet (with casein protein (CP), HC-CP), or an isocaloric/macronutrient-matched HC diet supplemented with YPPN isolate (HC-PPN) in pre-pregnancy, gestation, and lactation. Body weight (BW) and metabolic outcomes were assessed in male and female offspring at weaning and in adulthood after consuming the CON diet in the postnatal period. Consumption of the HC-PPN diet did not protect against maternal obesity but did improve reproductive success compared with the HC-CP group (72.7% versus 43.7%) and reduced total energy, fat, and protein in maternal milk. Male, but not female, offspring from mothers fed the HC-CP diet demonstrated hyperphagia, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation as adults compared with CON offspring. Isocaloric exchange of CP for YPPN in a high-calorie obese-inducing diet did not protect against obesity but did improve several aspects of lipid metabolism in adult male offspring including serum total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and hepatic TG concentration. Our results suggest that the exchange of CP for YPPN in a maternal obese-inducing diet selectively protects male offspring from the malprogramming of lipid metabolism in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C. Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriella A. Andreani
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jillian Pembroke
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Divya Choudhary
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Richard W. Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Saleh Mahmood
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mulchand S. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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