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Donzelli R, Colligiani D, Kusmic C, Sabatini M, Lorenzini L, Accorroni A, Nannipieri M, Saba A, Iervasi G, Zucchi R. Effect of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism on Tissue Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Rat. Eur Thyroid J 2016; 5:27-34. [PMID: 27099836 PMCID: PMC4836127 DOI: 10.1159/000443523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at determining the effects of experimental hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on tissue thyroid hormones by a mass spectrometry-based technique. METHODS Rats were subjected to propylthiouracil treatment or administration of exogenous triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4). Tissue T3 and T4 were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the heart, liver, kidney, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and brain. RESULTS Baseline tissue T3 and T4 concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 20 pmol ∙ g(-1) and from 3 to 125 pmol ∙ g(-1), respectively, with the highest values in the liver and kidney, and the lowest values in the adipose tissue. The T3/T4 ratio (expressed as a percentage) was in the 7-20% range in all tissues except the brain, where it averaged 75%. In hypothyroidism, tissue T3 was more severely reduced than serum free T3, averaging 1-6% of the baseline versus 30% of the baseline. The extent of tissue T3 reduction, expressed as percentage of the baseline, was not homogeneous (p < 0.001), with liver = kidney > brain > heart > adipose tissue. The tissue T3/T4 ratio significantly increased in all organs except the kidney, averaging 330% in the brain and 50-90% in the other tissues. By contrast, exogenous T3 and T4 administration produced similar increases in serum free T3 and in tissue T3, and the relative changes were not significantly different between different tissues. CONCLUSIONS While the response to increased thyroid hormones availability was similar in all tissues, decreased thyroid hormone availability induced compensatory responses, leading to a significant mismatch between changes in serum and in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria Colligiani
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alice Accorroni
- Departments of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Departments of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Riccardo Zucchi, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, IT-56126 Pisa (Italy), E-Mail
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Dentice M, Marsili A, Ambrosio R, Guardiola O, Sibilio A, Paik JH, Minchiotti G, DePinho RA, Fenzi G, Larsen PR, Salvatore D. The FoxO3/type 2 deiodinase pathway is required for normal mouse myogenesis and muscle regeneration. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:4021-30. [PMID: 20978344 PMCID: PMC2964991 DOI: 10.1172/jci43670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The active thyroid hormone 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) is a major regulator of skeletal muscle function. The deiodinase family of enzymes controls the tissue-specific activation and inactivation of the prohormone thyroxine (T4). Here we show that type 2 deiodinase (D2) is essential for normal mouse myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Indeed, D2-mediated increases in T3 were essential for the enhanced transcription of myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) and for execution of the myogenic program. Conversely, the expression of T3-dependent genes was reduced and after injury regeneration markedly delayed in muscles of mice null for the gene encoding D2 (Dio2), despite normal circulating T3 concentrations. Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) was identified as a key molecule inducing D2 expression and thereby increasing intracellular T3 production. Accordingly, FoxO3-depleted primary myoblasts also had a differentiation deficit that could be rescued by high levels of T3. In conclusion, the FoxO3/D2 pathway selectively enhances intracellular active thyroid hormone concentrations in muscle, providing a striking example of how a circulating hormone can be tissue-specifically activated to influence development locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dentice
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marsili
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ambrosio
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Ombretta Guardiola
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Sibilio
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Ji-Hye Paik
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Fenzi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - P. Reed Larsen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy.
Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
IRCCS Fondazione SDN, Naples, Italy.
Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso,” CNR, Naples, Italy.
Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Departments of Medical Oncology, Medicine and Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
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