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Saeed A, Hoogerland JA, Wessel H, Heegsma J, Derks TGJ, van der Veer E, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Oosterveer MH, Faber KN. Glycogen storage disease type 1a is associated with disturbed vitamin A metabolism and elevated serum retinol levels. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:264-273. [PMID: 31813960 PMCID: PMC7001719 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD Ia) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in the G6PC gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase. Early symptoms include severe fasting intolerance, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly, biochemically associated with nonketotic hypoglycemia, fasting hyperlactidemia, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia. Dietary management is the cornerstone of treatment aiming at maintaining euglycemia, prevention of secondary metabolic perturbations and long-term complications, including liver (hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas), kidney and bone disease (hypovitaminosis D and osteoporosis). As impaired vitamin A homeostasis also associates with similar symptoms and is coordinated by the liver, we here analysed whether vitamin A metabolism is affected in GSD Ia patients and liver-specific G6pc−/− knock-out mice. Serum levels of retinol and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were significantly increased in both GSD Ia patients and L-G6pc−/− mice. In contrast, hepatic retinol levels were significantly reduced in L-G6pc−/− mice, while hepatic retinyl palmitate (vitamin A storage form) and RBP4 levels were not altered. Transcript and protein analyses indicate an enhanced production of retinol and reduced conversion the retinoic acids (unchanged LRAT, Pnpla2/ATGL and Pnpla3 up, Cyp26a1 down) in L-G6pc−/− mice. Aberrant expression of genes involved in vitamin A metabolism was associated with reduced basal messenger RNA levels of markers of inflammation (Cd68, Tnfα, Nos2, Il-6) and fibrosis (Col1a1, Acta2, Tgfβ, Timp1) in livers of L-G6pc−/− mice. In conclusion, GSD Ia is associated with elevated serum retinol and RBP4 levels, which may contribute to disease symptoms, including osteoporosis and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Joanne A Hoogerland
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Wessel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Liver Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline van der Veer
- Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008.,Universite de Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008.,Universite de Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chen W, Chen G. The Roles of Vitamin A in the Regulation of Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism. J Clin Med 2014; 3:453-79. [PMID: 26237385 PMCID: PMC4449691 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese. This high prevalence of overweight/obesity negatively affects the health of the population, as obese individuals tend to develop several chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Due to obesity's impact on health, medical costs, and longevity, the rise in the number of obese people has become a public health concern. Both genetic and environmental/dietary factors play a role in the development of metabolic diseases. Intuitively, it seems to be obvious to link over-nutrition to the development of obesity and other metabolic diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Dietary nutrients not only provide energy derived from macronutrients, but also factors such as micronutrients with regulatory roles. How micronutrients, such as vitamin A (VA; retinol), regulate macronutrient homeostasis is still an ongoing research topic. As an essential micronutrient, VA plays a key role in the general health of an individual. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding VA's role in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Due to the large amount of information regarding VA functions, this review focusses on metabolism in metabolic active organs and tissues. Additionally, some perspectives for future studies will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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