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Maeda-Iino A, Fukushima M, Sakoguchi Y, Omure H, Oishi A, Oga Y, Furukawa-Sainoki M, Kanmura S, Ido A, Miyawaki S. Effects of intra-oesophageal acid infusion and a stress task on masseter muscle activity and autonomic nervous activity in wakefulness. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:567-576. [PMID: 32064657 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease may be an important risk factor for awake bruxism. Additionally, it has been known that a psychological stress task affects masseter muscle activity, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity modulation induces masseter muscle activity. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether task-induced stress and experimental oesophageal acid infusion increase masseter muscle activity and alter ANS activity, compared to rest task and oesophageal saline infusion, respectively. METHODS Polygraphic monitoring, consisting of electromyography of the masseter muscle and electrocardiography, was performed in 12 healthy adult men during 30-min interventions with intra-oesophageal saline or acid infusion, while reading a book quietly, as rest, and while performing calculation, as a stress task. RESULTS At rest, masseter muscle activity and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity during acid infusion were significantly higher (P = .019) and lower (P = .021) than during saline infusion, respectively. During saline infusion, both masseter muscle activity and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity or PNS activity while performing the calculation task were higher (P = .022 and .012, respectively) or lower (P = .007) than those during the reading task, respectively. In two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, intra-oesophageal infusion (saline or acid) significantly affected masseter muscle activity (P = .008) and PNS activity (P = .021). However, performing tasks (reading or calculation) significantly affected only PNS activity (P = .028). CONCLUSION Intra-oesophageal acid infusion significantly increased masseter muscle activity and decreased PNS activity. In contrast, stress task not only significantly decreased PNS activity, but only modestly increased masseter muscle activity and SNS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Maeda-Iino
- Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mika Fukushima
- Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Sakoguchi
- Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Sakoguchi Dental Clinic, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruhito Omure
- Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Omure Orthodontic Clinic, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Akihito Oishi
- Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Oga
- Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Minami Furukawa-Sainoki
- Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Department of Endoscopy, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shouichi Miyawaki
- Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Kamarunas E, Mulheren R, Palmore K, Ludlow C. Timing of cortical activation during spontaneous swallowing. Exp Brain Res 2017; 236:475-484. [PMID: 29218415 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Saliva accumulation in the oropharynx generates an automatic pattern of swallowing in the brainstem in animals. Previous fMRI studies have found that spontaneous saliva and water swallows in humans evoked activation following swallow onset in both precentral motor and postcentral somatosensory cortical regions. Using event-related averaging of continuous functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we examined cortical hemodynamic responses (HDR) from 5 s before to 35 s after spontaneous reflexive saliva swallow onset in the lateral postcentral somatosensory and precentral motor regions in both hemispheres in healthy volunteers. Three HDR changes from baseline were detected. First, the onset of HDR occurred 2 s before swallow onset in the left postcentral somatosensory area and 0.67 s before swallow onset in the right postcentral somatosensory area. Second, an early HDR peak amplitude occurred 3-4 s after swallow onset in all four regions. Z scores relative to baseline pre-swallow cortical activity levels averaged 20 and 22.7 s in the right and left somatosensory regions and 10 and 15.8 s in left and right motor areas, respectively. Finally, a late HDR peak occurring between 22 and 23 s after swallow onset in the somatosensory regions and 17-19 s in the motor areas likely resulted from esophageal peristalsis. Overall, cortical activation timing relative to swallow onsets showed activation began before the pharyngeal phase of swallowing in the somatosensory areas. This indicates that somatosensory triggering of swallowing occurs not only in the brainstem but also in the cortex for reflexive saliva swallowing in awake humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Kamarunas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, 235 MLK Jr. Way, MSC 4303, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
| | - Rachel Mulheren
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, 235 MLK Jr. Way, MSC 4303, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Katie Palmore
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, 235 MLK Jr. Way, MSC 4303, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Christy Ludlow
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, 235 MLK Jr. Way, MSC 4303, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
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3
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Feu D, Catharino F, Quintão CCA, Almeida MADO. A systematic review of etiological and risk factors associated with bruxism. J Orthod 2014; 40:163-71. [DOI: 10.1179/1465313312y.0000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on esophageal motility in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:1840-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jadcherla SR, Pakiraih JF, Hasenstab KA, Dar I, Gao X, Bates DG, Kashou NH. Esophageal reflexes modulate frontoparietal response in neonates: Novel application of concurrent NIRS and provocative esophageal manometry. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G41-9. [PMID: 24789204 PMCID: PMC4080167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00350.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Central and peripheral neural regulation of swallowing and aerodigestive reflexes is unclear in human neonates. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive method to measure changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbD). Pharyngoesophageal manometry permits evaluation of aerodigestive reflexes. Modalities were combined to investigate feasibility and to test neonatal frontoparietal cortical changes during pharyngoesophageal (visceral) stimulation and/or swallowing. Ten neonates (45.6 ± 3.0 wk postmenstrual age, 4.1 ± 0.5 kg) underwent novel pharyngoesophageal manometry concurrent with NIRS. To examine esophagus-brain interactions, we analyzed cortical hemodynamic response (HDR) latency and durations during aerodigestive provocation and esophageal reflexes. Data are presented as means ± SE or percent. HDR rates were 8.84 times more likely with basal spontaneous deglutition compared with sham stimuli (P = 0.004). Of 182 visceral stimuli, 95% were analyzable for esophageal responses, 38% for HDR, and 36% for both. Of analyzable HDR (n = 70): 1) HbO concentration (μmol/l) baseline 1.5 ± 0.7 vs. 3.7 ± 0.7 poststimulus was significant (P = 0.02), 2) HbD concentration (μmol/l) between baseline 0.1 ± 0.4 vs. poststimulus -0.5 ± 0.4 was not significant (P = 0.73), and 3) hemispheric lateralization was 21% left only, 29% right only, and 50% bilateral. During concurrent esophageal and NIRS responses (n = 66): 1) peristaltic reflexes were present in 74% and HDR in 61% and 2) HDR was 4.75 times more likely with deglutition reflex vs. secondary peristaltic reflex (P = 0.016). Concurrent NIRS with visceral stimulation is feasible in neonates, and frontoparietal cortical activation is recognized. Deglutition contrasting with secondary peristalsis is related to cortical activation, thus implicating higher hierarchical aerodigestive protective functional neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan R. Jadcherla
- 1Divisions of Neonatology and Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; ,2Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; ,3Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Joanna F. Pakiraih
- 2Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; ,5Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kathryn A. Hasenstab
- 2Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Irfaan Dar
- 2Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; ,4Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Ohio; and
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- 2Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - D. Gregory Bates
- 3Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; ,5Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nasser H. Kashou
- 4Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Ohio; and
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Regional brain responses associated with drinking water during thirst and after its satiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5379-84. [PMID: 24706817 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403382111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The instinct of thirst was a cardinal element in the successful colonization by vertebrates of the dry land of the planet, which began in the Ordovician period about 400 million y ago. It is a commonplace experience in humans that drinking water in response to thirst following fluid loss is a pleasant experience. However, continuing to drink water once thirst has been satiated becomes unpleasant and, eventually, quite aversive. Functional MRI experiments reported here show pleasantness of drinking is associated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 32) and the orbitofrontal cortex. The unpleasantness and aversion of overdrinking is associated with activation in the midcingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and periaqueductal gray. Drinking activations in the putamen and cerebellum also correlated with the unpleasantness of water, and the motor cortex showed increased activation during overdrinking compared with drinking during thirst. These activations in motor regions may possibly reflect volitional effort to conduct compliant drinking in the face of regulatory mechanisms inhibiting intake. The results suggestive of a specific inhibitory system in the control of drinking are unique.
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Ohmure H, Sakoguchi Y, Nagayama K, Numata M, Tsubouchi H, Miyawaki S. Influence of experimental oesophageal acidification on masseter muscle activity, cervicofacial behaviour and autonomic nervous activity in wakefulness. J Oral Rehabil 2014; 41:423-31. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ohmure
- Department of Orthodontics; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Sakoguchi
- Department of Orthodontics; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - K. Nagayama
- Department of Orthodontics; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - M. Numata
- Division of Endoscopy; Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital; Kagoshima Japan
| | | | - S. Miyawaki
- Department of Orthodontics; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
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8
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Babaei A, Siwiec RM, Kern M, Ward BD, Li SJ, Shaker R. Intrinsic functional connectivity of the brain swallowing network during subliminal esophageal acid stimulation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:992-e779. [PMID: 24251873 PMCID: PMC3864683 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsic synchronous fluctuations of the functional magnetic resonance imaging signal are indicative of the underlying 'functional connectivity' (FC) and serve as a technique to study dynamics of the neuronal networks of the human brain. Earlier studies have characterized the functional connectivity of a distributed network of brain regions involved in swallowing, called brain swallowing network (BSN). The potential modulatory effect of esophageal afferent signals on the BSN, however, has not been systematically studied. METHODS Fourteen healthy volunteers underwent steady state functional magnetic resonance imaging across three conditions: (i) transnasal catheter placed in the esophagus without infusion; (ii) buffer solution infused at 1 mL/min; and (iii) acidic solution infused at 1 mL/min. Data were preprocessed according to the standard FC analysis pipeline. We determined the correlation coefficient values of pairs of brain regions involved in swallowing and calculated average group FC matrices across conditions. Effects of subliminal esophageal acidification and nasopharyngeal intubation were determined. KEY RESULTS Subliminal esophageal acid stimulation augmented the overall FC of the right anterior insula and specifically the FC to the left inferior parietal lobule. Conscious stimulation by nasopharyngeal intubation reduced the overall FC of the right posterior insula, particularly the FC to the right prefrontal operculum. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The FC of BSN is amenable to modulation by sensory input. The modulatory effect of sensory pharyngoesophageal stimulation on BSN is mainly mediated through changes in the FC of the insula. The alteration induced by subliminal visceral esophageal acid stimulation is in different insular connections compared with that of conscious somatic pharyngeal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Babaei
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert M. Siwiec
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mark Kern
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - B. Douglas Ward
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shi-Jiang Li
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Reza Shaker
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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9
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Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability in early childhood. The worldwide prevalence of CP is approximately 2-2.5 per 1,000 live births. It has been clinically defined as a group of motor, cognitive, and perceptive impairments secondary to a non-progressive defect or lesion of the developing brain. Children with CP can have swallowing problems with severe drooling as one of the consequences. Malnutrition and recurrent aspiration pneumonia can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Early attention should be given to dysphagia and excessive drooling and their substantial contribution to the burden of a child with CP and his/her family. This review displays the important functional and anatomical issues related to swallowing problems in children with CP based on relevant literature and expert opinion. Furthermore, based on our experience, we describe a plan for approach of investigation and treatment of swallowing problems in cerebral palsy.
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10
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Leopold NA, Daniels SK. Supranuclear control of swallowing. Dysphagia 2011; 25:250-7. [PMID: 19730940 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-009-9249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Swallowing is an act requiring complex sensorimotor integration. Using a variety of methods first used to study limb physiology, initial efforts to study swallowing have yielded information that multiple cortical and subcortical regions are active participants. Not surprisingly, the regions activated appear to overlap those involved in both oral and nonoral motor behaviors. This review offers a perspective that considers the supranuclear control of swallowing in light of these physiological similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman A Leopold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Upland, PA 19013, USA.
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Ohmure H, Oikawa K, Kanematsu K, Saito Y, Yamamoto T, Nagahama H, Tsubouchi H, Miyawaki S. Influence of experimental esophageal acidification on sleep bruxism: a randomized trial. J Dent Res 2011; 90:665-71. [PMID: 21248360 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510393516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this cross-over, randomized, single-blinded trial was to examine whether intra-esophageal acidification induces sleep bruxism (SB). Polysomnography with electromyogram (EMG) of masseter muscle, audio-video recording, and esophageal pH monitoring were performed in a sleep laboratory. Twelve healthy adult males without SB participated. Intra-esophageal infusions of 5-mL acidic solution (0.1 N HCl) or saline were administered. The frequencies of EMG bursts, rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) episodes, grinding noise, and the RMMA/microarousal ratio were significantly higher in the 20-minute period after acidic infusion than after saline infusion. RMMA episodes including SB were induced by esophageal acidification. This trial is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000002923. ABBREVIATIONS ASDA, American Sleep Disorders Association; EMG, electromyogram; GER, gastroesophageal reflux; LES, lower esophageal sphincter; NREM, non-rapid eye movement; REM, rapid eye movement; RMMA, rhythmic masticatory muscle activity; SB, sleep bruxism; SD, standard deviation; UES, upper esophageal sphincter.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohmure
- Department of Orthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Babaei A, Kern M, Antonik S, Mepani R, Ward BD, Li SJ, Hyde J, Shaker R. Enhancing effects of flavored nutritive stimuli on cortical swallowing network activity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G422-9. [PMID: 20508154 PMCID: PMC2928539 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00161.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the central control of the physiology of deglutition is necessary for devising interventions aimed at correcting pathophysiological conditions of swallowing. Positive modulation of the cortical swallowing network can have clinical ramifications in dysphagia due to central nervous system deficits. Our aim was to determine the effect of nutritive sensory input on the cortical swallowing network. In 14 healthy right-handed volunteers, we utilized a paradigm-driven protocol to quantify the number of activated voxels and their signal intensity within the left hemispheric cortical swallowing network by high-resolution functional MRI (fMRI) during five different swallowing conditions. Swallowing conditions included a dry swallow (saliva) and natural water-, lemon-, popcorn-, and chocolate-flavored liquid swallows. Each flavored liquid was presented simultaneously by its image, scent, and taste in random order and tested over three runs. fMRIs were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Average fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent signal intensity and number of activated voxels during swallowing concurrent with nutritive gustatory, olfactory, and visual stimulations were significantly increased compared with dry/natural water swallows throughout the cortical swallowing network (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Subregion analysis showed the increased activity for flavored liquids in prefrontal, cingulate gyrus, and sensory/motor cortex, but not in precuneus and insula. Concurrent gustatory, olfactory, and visual nutritive stimulation enhances the activity of the cortical swallowing network. This finding may have clinical implications in management of swallowing disorders due to cortical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Babaei
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and
| | - Mark Kern
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and
| | | | | | - B. Douglas Ward
- 2Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shi-Jiang Li
- 2Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - James Hyde
- 2Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Reza Shaker
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and
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