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Matthee A, Aghababaie Z, Nisbet LA, Dowrick JM, Windsor JA, Sands GB, Angeli-Gordon TR. Pulsed-field ablation: an alternative ablative method for gastric electrophysiological intervention. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G456-G465. [PMID: 39010831 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00124.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) is an emerging ablative technology that has been used successfully to eliminate cardiac arrhythmias. As a nonthermal technique, it has significant benefits over traditional radiofrequency ablation with improved target tissue specificity and reduced risk of adverse events during cardiac applications. We investigated whether PFA is safe for use in the stomach and whether it could modulate gastric slow waves. Female weaner pigs were fasted overnight before anesthesia was induced using tiletamine hydrochloride (50 mg·mL-1) and zolazepam hydrochloride (50 mg·mL-1) and maintained with propofol (Diprivan 2%, 0.2-0.4 mg·kg-1·min-1). Pulsed-field ablation was performed on their gastric serosa in vivo. Adjacent point lesions (n = 2-4) were used to create a linear injury using bipolar pulsed-field ablation consisting of 40 pulses (10 Hz frequency, 0.1 ms pulse width, 1,000 V amplitude). High-resolution electrical mapping defined baseline and postablation gastric slow-wave patterns. A validated five-point scale was used to evaluate tissue damage in hematoxylin and eosin-stained images. Results indicated that PFA successfully induced complete conduction blocks in all cases, with lesions through the entire thickness of the gastric muscle layers. Consistent postablation slow-wave patterns emerged immediately following ablation and persisted over the study period. Pulsed-field ablation induces rapid conduction blocks as a tool to modulate slow-wave patterns, indicating it may be suitable as an alternative to radiofrequency ablation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Results show that pulsed-field ablation can serve as a gastric slow-wave intervention by preventing slow-wave propagation across the lesion site. Stable conduction blocks were established immediately following energy delivery, faster than previous examples of radiofrequency gastric ablation. Pulsed-field ablation may be an alternative for gastric slow-wave intervention, and further functional and posthealing studies are now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Matthee
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zahra Aghababaie
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Linley A Nisbet
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jarrah M Dowrick
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John A Windsor
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory B Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Timothy R Angeli-Gordon
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Te Manawahoukura Rangahau Centre, Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, Te Awamutu, Aotearoa New Zealand
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Matthee A, Aghababaie Z, Nisbet LA, Simmonds S, Dowrick JM, Sands GB, Angeli-Gordon TR. Gastric slow-wave modulation via power-controlled, irrigated radio-frequency ablation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14873. [PMID: 39031031 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, radio-frequency ablation has been used to modulate slow-wave activity in the porcine stomach. Gastric ablation is, however, still in its infancy compared to its history in the cardiac field, and electrophysiological studies have been restricted to temperature-controlled, non-irrigated ablation. Power-controlled, irrigated ablation may improve lesion formation at lower catheter-tip temperatures that produce the desired localized conduction block. METHODS AND RESULTS Power-controlled, irrigated radio-frequency ablation was performed on the gastric serosal surface of female weaner pigs (n = 5) in vivo. Three combinations of power (10-15 W) and irrigation settings (2-5 mL min-1) were investigated. A total of 12 linear lesions were created (n = 4 for each combination). Slow waves were recorded before and after ablation using high-resolution electrical mapping. KEY RESULTS Irrigation maintained catheter-tip temperature below 50°C. Ablation induced a complete conduction block in 8/12 cases (4/4 for 10 W at 2 mL min-1, 1/4 for 10 W at 5 mL min-1, 3/4 for 15 W at 5 mL min-1). Blocks were characterized by a decrease in signal amplitude at the lesion site, along with changes in slow-wave propagation patterns, where slow waves terminated at and/or rotated around the edge of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Power-controlled, irrigated ablation can successfully modulate gastric slow-wave activity at a reduced catheter-tip temperature compared to temperature-controlled, non-irrigated ablation. Reducing the irrigation rate is more effective than increasing power for blocking slow-wave activity. These benefits suggest that irrigated ablation is a suitable option for further translation into a clinical intervention for gastric electrophysiology disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Matthee
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zahra Aghababaie
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Linley A Nisbet
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sam Simmonds
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jarrah M Dowrick
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Digestive Health Priority Research Programme, High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory B Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Timothy R Angeli-Gordon
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Digestive Health Priority Research Programme, High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Dowrick JM, Jungbauer Nikolas L, Offutt SJ, Tremain P, Erickson JC, Angeli-Gordon TR. Translation of an existing implantable cardiac monitoring device for measurement of gastric electrical slow-wave activity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14723. [PMID: 38062544 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence that slow-wave dysrhythmia in the stomach is associated with clinical conditions such as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia, there is still no widely available device for long-term monitoring of gastric electrical signals. Actionable biomarkers of gastrointestinal health are critically needed, and an implantable slow-wave monitoring device could aid in the establishment of causal relationships between symptoms and gastric electrophysiology. Recent developments in the area of wireless implantable gastric monitors demonstrate potential, but additional work and validation are required before this potential can be realized. METHODS We hypothesized that translating an existing implantable cardiac monitoring device, the Reveal LINQ™ (Medtronic), would present a more immediate solution. Following ethical approval and laparotomy in anesthetized pigs (n = 7), a Reveal LINQ was placed on the serosal surface of the stomach, immediately adjacent to a validated flexible-printed-circuit (FPC) electrical mapping array. Data were recorded for periods of 7.5 min, and the resultant signal characteristics from the FPC array and Reveal LINQ were compared. KEY RESULTS The Reveal LINQ device recorded slow waves in 6/7 subjects with a comparable period (p = 0.69), signal-to-noise ratio (p = 0.58), and downstroke width (p = 0.98) to the FPC, but with reduced amplitude (p = 0.024). Qualitatively, the Reveal LINQ slow-wave signal lacked the prolonged repolarization phase present in the FPC signals. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These findings suggest that existing cardiac monitors may offer an efficient solution for the long-term monitoring of slow waves. Translation toward implantation now awaits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrah M Dowrick
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sarah J Offutt
- Pelvic Health, Medtronic PLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Tremain
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C Erickson
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy R Angeli-Gordon
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Matthee A, Aghababaie Z, Simmonds S, Dowrick JM, Nisbet LA, Sands GB, Angeli-Gordon TR. Power-Controlled, Irrigated Radio-Frequency Ablation of Gastric Tissue: A Biophysical Analysis of Lesion Formation. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3953-3962. [PMID: 37587256 PMCID: PMC10517039 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radio-frequency ablation of gastric tissue is in its infancy compared to its extensive history and use in the cardiac field. AIMS We employed power-controlled, irrigated radio-frequency ablation to create lesions on the serosal surface of the stomach to examine the impact of ablation power, irrigation, temperature, and impedance on lesion formation and tissue damage. METHODS A total of 160 lesions were created in vivo in female weaner pigs (n = 5) using a combination of four power levels (10, 15, 20, 30 W) at two irrigation rates (2, 5 mL min-1) and with one temperature-controlled (65 °C) reference setting previously validated for electrophysiological intervention in the stomach. RESULTS Power and irrigation rate combinations above 15 W resulted in lesions with significantly higher surface area and depth than the temperature-controlled setting. Irrigation resulted in significantly lower temperature (p < 0.001) and impedance (p < 0.001) compared to the temperature-controlled setting. No instances of perforation or tissue pop were recorded for any ablation sequence. CONCLUSION Power-controlled, irrigated radio-frequency ablation of gastric tissue is effective in creating larger and deeper lesions at reduced temperatures than previously investigated temperature-controlled radio-frequency ablation, highlighting a substantial improvement. These data define the biophysical impact of ablation parameters in gastric tissue, and they will guide future translation toward clinical application and in silico gastric ablation modeling. Combination of ablation settings (10-30 W power, 2-5 mL min-1 irrigation) were used to create serosal spot lesions. Histological analysis of lesions quantified localized tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Matthee
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zahra Aghababaie
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sam Simmonds
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jarrah M Dowrick
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Linley A Nisbet
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory B Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Timothy R Angeli-Gordon
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Aghababaie Z, Wang THH, Nisbet LA, Matthee A, Dowrick J, Sands GB, Paskaranandavadivel N, Cheng LK, O'Grady G, Angeli-Gordon TR. Anaesthesia by intravenous propofol reduces the incidence of intra-operative gastric electrical slow-wave dysrhythmias compared to isoflurane. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11824. [PMID: 37479717 PMCID: PMC10362009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric motility is coordinated by bioelectrical slow-wave activity, and abnormal electrical dysrhythmias have been associated with nausea and vomiting. Studies have often been conducted under general anaesthesia, while the impact of general anaesthesia on slow-wave activity has not been studied. Clinical studies have shown that propofol anaesthesia reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) compared with isoflurane, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of two anaesthetic drugs, intravenous (IV) propofol and volatile isoflurane, on slow-wave activity. In vivo experiments were performed in female weaner pigs (n = 24). Zolazepam and tiletamine were used to induce general anaesthesia, which was maintained using either IV propofol (n = 12) or isoflurane (n = 12). High-resolution electrical mapping of slow-wave activity was performed. Slow-wave dysrhythmias occurred less often in the propofol group, both in the duration of the recorded period that was dysrhythmic (propofol 14 ± 26%, isoflurane 43 ± 39%, P = 0.043 (Mann-Whitney U test)), and in a case-by-case basis (propofol 3/12, isoflurane 8/12, P = 0.015 (Chi-squared test)). Slow-wave amplitude was similar, while velocity and frequency were higher in the propofol group than the isoflurane group (P < 0.001 (Student's t-test)). This study presents a potential physiological biomarker linked to recent observations of reduced PONV with IV propofol. The results suggest that propofol is a more suitable anaesthetic for studying slow-wave patterns in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aghababaie
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim Hsu-Han Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Linley A Nisbet
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashton Matthee
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jarrah Dowrick
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory B Sands
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Leo K Cheng
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory O'Grady
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Timothy R Angeli-Gordon
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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