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Qin G, Zhang L, Guo J, Fang S, E G, Zeng Y, Huang Y, Han Y. Combined Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Comprehensive Regulation of Somatostatin DNA Vaccine in Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6888. [PMID: 39000000 PMCID: PMC11241611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SS) plays crucial regulatory roles in animal growth and reproduction by affecting the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone (GH). However, the mechanism by which SS regulates growth and development in goats is still unclear. In order to investigate the regulatory networks of the hypothalamus and pituitary in goats affected by SS DNA vaccines, in this study, we used a previously established oral attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SS DNA vaccine, X9241 (ptCS/2SS-asd), to treat wethers. We analyzed the protein changes in hypothalamic and pituitary tissues using a TMT-based proteomics approach. Additionally, we examined the metabolic profiles of the serum of control and immunized wethers through untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Key signaling pathways were identified based on differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Furthermore, the effect of critical DEPs on signaling pathways was confirmed through Western blotting (WB) experiments, which elucidated the mechanism of active SS immunization in wethers. A proteomics analysis revealed that the expression of 58 proteins in the hypothalamus and 124 in the pituitary gland was significantly altered following SS vaccine treatment (fold change > 1.2 or < 0.83, p < 0.05). In the hypothalamus, many DEPs were associated with gene ontology (GO) terms related to neuronal signaling. In contrast, most DEPs were associated with metabolic pathways. In the pituitary gland, the DEPs were largely related to immune and nutrient metabolism functions, with significant enrichment in KEGG pathways, particularly those involving the metabolic pathway, sphingolipid signaling, and the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. A metabolomic analysis further showed that active SS immunization in wethers led to significant alterations in seven serum metabolites. Notably, the sphingolipid signaling pathway, secondary bile acid synthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, and lysine synthesis were significantly disrupted. SS vaccines induced marked changes in hypothalamic-pituitary proteins in wethers, facilitating alterations in their growth processes. This study not only provides insights into the mechanism of the SS gene in regulating GH secretion in wethers but also establishes a basis for hormone immunoregulation technology to enhance livestock production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanguo Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (G.Q.); (L.Z.); (J.G.); (S.F.); (G.E.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.)
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García Navas P, Ruíz Del Prado MY, Villoslada Blanco P, Recio Fernández E, Ruíz Del Campo M, Pérez Matute P. Composition of the microbiota in patients with growth hormone deficiency before and after treatment with growth hormone. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:404-411. [PMID: 38806303 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have modulatory effects on bowel function and its microbiota. Our aim was to investigate whether low levels of GH and IGF-1 in patients with GH deficiency are associated with changes in gut physiology/integrity as well as in the composition of the gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study in 21 patients with GH deficiency, at baseline and after 6 months of GH treatment, and in 20 healthy controls. We analysed changes in anthropometric and laboratory characteristics and bacterial translocation and studied the composition of the microbiome by means of massive 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Growth hormone deficiency was accompanied by a significant increase in serum levels of sCD14, a marker of bacterial translocation (P < .01). This increase was reversed by GH treatment. We did not find any differences in the composition or α- or β-diversity of the gut microbiota after treatment or between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our work is the first to demonstrate that the presence of GH deficiency is not associated with differences in gut microbiota composition in comparison with healthy controls, and changes in microbiota composition are also not found after 6 months of treatment. However, GH deficiency and low IGF-1 levels were associated with an increase in bacterial translocation, which had reversed after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García Navas
- Sección de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | | | - Pablo Villoslada Blanco
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiota y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Emma Recio Fernández
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiota y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - María Ruíz Del Campo
- Sección de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez Matute
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiota y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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Blot F, Marchix J, Ejarque M, Jimenez S, Meunier A, Keime C, Trottier C, Croyal M, Lapp C, Mahe MM, De Arcangelis A, Gradwohl G. Gut Microbiota Remodeling and Intestinal Adaptation to Lipid Malabsorption After Enteroendocrine Cell Loss in Adult Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1443-1461. [PMID: 36858136 PMCID: PMC10149283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and their hormones are essential regulators of whole-body energy homeostasis. EECs sense luminal nutrients and microbial metabolites and subsequently secrete various hormones acting locally or at a distance. Impaired development of EECs during embryogenesis is life-threatening in newborn mice and humans due to compromised nutrient absorption. However, the physiological importance of the EEC system in adult mice has yet to be directedly studied. Herein, we aimed to determine the long-term consequences of a total loss of EECs in healthy adults on energy metabolism, intestinal transcriptome, and microbiota. METHODS We depleted intestinal EECs by tamoxifen treatment of adult Neurog3fl/fl; Villin-CreERT2 male mice. We studied intestinal cell differentiation, food efficiency, lipid absorption, microbiota composition, fecal metabolites, and transcriptomic responses in the proximal and distal small intestines of mice lacking EECs. We also determined the high-fat diet-induced transcriptomic changes in sorted Neurog3eYFP/+ EECs. RESULTS Induction of EEC deficiency in adults is not life-threatening unless fed with a high-fat diet. Under a standard chow diet, mice lose 10% of weight due to impaired food efficiency. Blood concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids are reduced, and lipid absorption is impaired and delayed in the distal small intestine. Genes controlling lipogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and neoglucogenesis are upregulated. Microbiota composition is rapidly altered after EECs depletion and is characterized by decreased a-diversity. Bacteroides and Lactobacillus were progressively enriched, whereas Lachnospiraceae declined without impacting fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS EECs are dispensable for survival in adult male mice under a standard chow diet. The absence of EECs impairs intestinal lipid absorption, leading to transcriptomic and metabolic adaptations and remodeling of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Blot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Justine Marchix
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sara Jimenez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Aline Meunier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Céline Keime
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Camille Trottier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM UMR_S1087, CNRS UMR_6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Lapp
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Maxime M Mahe
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France; Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adèle De Arcangelis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Gérard Gradwohl
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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Zambrana LE, Weber AM, Borresen EC, Zarei I, Perez J, Perez C, Rodríguez I, Becker-Dreps S, Yuan L, Vilchez S, Ryan EP. Daily Rice Bran Consumption for 6 Months Influences Serum Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 and Metabolite Profiles without Differences in Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Weaning Nicaraguan Infants at 12 Months of Age. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab101. [PMID: 34514286 PMCID: PMC8421236 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is associated with chronic gut inflammation affecting nutrient absorption and development of children, primarily in low- and middle-income countries. Several studies have shown that rice bran (RB) supplementation provides nutrients and modulates gut inflammation, which may reduce risk for undernutrition. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the effect of daily RB dietary supplementation for 6 mo on serum biomarkers in weaning infants and associated changes in serum and stool metabolites. METHODS A 6-mo randomized-controlled dietary intervention was conducted in a cohort of weaning 6-mo-old infants in León, Nicaragua. Anthropometric indices were obtained at 6, 8, and 12 mo. Serum and stool ionomics and metabolomics were completed at the end of the 6-mo intervention using inductively coupled plasma MS and ultra-high performance LC-tandem MS. The ɑ1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) serum EED biomarkers were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Twenty-four infants in the control group and 23 in the RB group successfully completed the 6-mo dietary intervention with 90% dietary compliance. RB participants had higher concentrations of GLP-2 as compared with control participants at 12 mo [median (IQR): 743.53 (380.54) pg/mL vs. 592.50 (223.59) pg/mL; P = 0.04]. Metabolite profiles showed significant fold differences of 39 serum metabolites and 44 stool metabolites from infants consuming RB compared with control, and with significant metabolic pathway enrichment scores of 4.7 for the tryptophan metabolic pathway, 5.7 for polyamine metabolism, and 5.7 for the fatty acid/acylcholine metabolic pathway in the RB group. No differences were detected in serum and stool trace elements or heavy metals following daily RB intake for 6 mo. CONCLUSIONS RB consumption influences a suite of metabolites associated with growth promotion and development, while also supporting nutrient absorption as measured by changes in serum GLP-2 in Nicaraguan infants. This clinical trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02615886.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Zambrana
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Annika M Weber
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Erica C Borresen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Johann Perez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Claudia Perez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Iker Rodríguez
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Biotic Products Development Center, National Polytechnic Institute, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Shamsi BH, Chatoo M, Xu XK, Xu X, Chen XQ. Versatile Functions of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:652363. [PMID: 33796080 PMCID: PMC8009181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) play an important role in the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) system. SST is produced in various organs and cells, and the inhibitory function of somatostatin-containing cells is involved in a range of physiological functions and pathological modifications. The GI system is the largest endocrine organ for digestion and absorption, SST-endocrine cells and neurons in the GI system are a critical effecter to maintain homeostasis via SSTRs 1-5 and co-receptors, while SST-SSTRs are involved in chemo-sensory, mucus, and hormone secretion, motility, inflammation response, itch, and pain via the autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and exoendocrine pathways. It is also a power inhibitor for tumor cell proliferation, severe inflammation, and post-operation complications, and is a first-line anti-cancer drug in clinical practice. This mini review focuses on the current function of producing SST endocrine cells and local neurons SST-SSTRs in the GI system, discusses new development prognostic markers, phosphate-specific antibodies, and molecular imaging emerging in diagnostics and therapy, and summarizes the mechanism of the SST family in basic research and clinical practice. Understanding of endocrines and neuroendocrines in SST-SSTRs in GI will provide an insight into advanced medicine in basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Haider Shamsi
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mahanand Chatoo
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Kang Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Xu
- College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Qun Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Qun Chen,
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Jensen EA, Young JA, Mathes SC, List EO, Carroll RK, Kuhn J, Onusko M, Kopchick JJ, Murphy ER, Berryman DE. Crosstalk between the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and the gut microbiome: A new frontier for microbial endocrinology. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 53-54:101333. [PMID: 32717585 PMCID: PMC7938704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both the GH/IGF-1 axis and the gut microbiota independently play an important role in host growth, metabolism, and intestinal homeostasis. Inversely, abnormalities in GH action and microbial dysbiosis (or a lack of diversity) in the gut have been implicated in restricted growth, metabolic disorders (such as chronic undernutrition, anorexia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes), and intestinal dysfunction (such as pediatric Crohn's disease, colonic polyps, and colon cancer). Over the last decade, studies have demonstrated that the microbial impact on growth may be mediated through the GH/IGF-1 axis, pointing toward a potential relationship between GH and the gut microbiota. This review covers current research on the GH/IGF-1 axis and the gut microbiome and its influence on overall host growth, metabolism, and intestinal health, proposing a bidirectional relationship between GH and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jensen
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Edward O List
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Jaycie Kuhn
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Maria Onusko
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - John J Kopchick
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Erin R Murphy
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America.
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7
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McCauley HA. Enteroendocrine Regulation of Nutrient Absorption. J Nutr 2020; 150:10-21. [PMID: 31504661 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the intestine regulate many aspects of whole-body physiology and metabolism. EECs sense luminal and circulating nutrients and respond by secreting hormones that act on multiple organs and organ systems, such as the brain, gallbladder, and pancreas, to control satiety, digestion, and glucose homeostasis. In addition, EECs act locally, on enteric neurons, endothelial cells, and the gastrointestinal epithelium, to facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients. Many recent reports raise the possibility that EECs and the enteric nervous system may coordinate to regulate gastrointestinal functions. Loss of all EECs results in chronic malabsorptive diarrhea, placing EECs in a central role regulating nutrient absorption in the gut. Because there is increasing evidence that EECs can directly modulate the efficiency of nutrient absorption, it is possible that EECs are master regulators of a feed-forward loop connecting appetite, digestion, metabolism, and abnormally augmented nutrient absorption that perpetuates metabolic disease. This review focuses on the roles that specific EEC hormones play on glucose, peptide, and lipid absorption within the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology and the Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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