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Umbaugh DS, Nguyen NT, Smith SH, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. The p21 + perinecrotic hepatocytes produce the chemokine CXCL14 after a severe acetaminophen overdose promoting hepatocyte injury and delaying regeneration. Toxicology 2024; 504:153804. [PMID: 38614205 PMCID: PMC11108579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Fifty percent of all acute liver failure (ALF) cases in the United States are due to acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Assessment of canonical features of liver injury, such as plasma alanine aminotransferase activities are poor predictors of acute liver failure (ALF), suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms independent of hepatocyte death. Previous work demonstrated a severe overdose of APAP results in impaired regeneration, the induction of senescence by p21, and increased mortality. We hypothesized that a discrete population of p21+ hepatocytes acquired a secretory phenotype that directly impedes liver recovery after a severe APAP overdose. Leveraging in-house human APAP explant liver and publicly available single-nuclei RNAseq data, we identified a subpopulation of p21+ hepatocytes enriched in a unique secretome of factors, such as CXCL14. Spatial transcriptomics in the mouse model of APAP overdose confirmed the presence of a p21+ hepatocyte population that directly surrounded the necrotic areas. In both male and female mice, we found a dose-dependent induction of p21 and persistent circulating levels of the p21-specific constituent, CXCL14, in the plasma after a severe APAP overdose. In parallel experiments, we targeted either the putative senescent hepatocytes with the senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin, or CXCL14 with a neutralizing antibody. We found that targeting CXCL14 greatly enhanced liver recovery after APAP-induced liver injury, while targeting senescent hepatocytes had no effect. These data support the conclusion that the sustained induction of p21 in hepatocytes with persistent CXCL14 secretion are critical mechanistic events leading to ALF in mice and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sawyer H Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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2
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Fath MA, Liu D, Ewald JT, Robles-Planells C, Tomanek-Chalkley AM, Graves SA, Howe JR, O'Dorisio TM, Rastogi P, Bellizzi AM, O'Dorisio MS, Menda Y, Spitz DR. Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 Radioligand Targeted Therapy Using 177Lutetium-pentixather for Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cancers. Radiat Res 2024; 201:35-47. [PMID: 37989124 PMCID: PMC10896455 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00064.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate to high-grade lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs; i.e., atypical carcinoid tumors) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are currently difficult to cure. These tumors were found to express the CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor that can be targeted with radioligands. PCR and flow cytometric analysis of lung NET and NEC cell lines using an anti-CXCR4 antibody demonstrated that all cell lines tested expressed CXCR4. PET/CT imaging with 68Galium-pentixafor in mouse xenografts of NETs and NECs verified tumor targeting that was blocked by a CXCR4 agonist. Clonogenic survival analysis demonstrated a more than additive enhancement of killing when 1 μM auranofin (a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor) was used as a radiosensitizer in combination with 177Lu-pentixather (10 μCi). DMS273 small cell lung cancer xenografts in female nude mice treated with 25 μCi/g 177Lu-pentixather induced inhibition of tumor growth and resulted in an increase in overall survival without causing unacceptable normal tissue toxicities. Immunohistochemical staining of 95 retrospective human samples (containing 90 small cell lung carcinomas) demonstrated 84% CXCR4 positivity. In a multivariable analysis of this cohort that included age, gender, stage, primary site, SSTR2 status, and CXCR4 status, Cox regression models determined that only distant metastasis at presentation (P < 0.01) and a CXCR4 H-score >30 (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with reduced survival. Prospective clinical testing of patient tumors identified CXCR4-positivity in 76% of 21 NECs, 67% of 15 lung NETs (including 8 of 10 atypical carcinoids), and 0% of 25 non-lung NETs (including 5 NETS G3s). These data support the hypothesis that CXCR4-targeted theranostics can be utilized effectively for select NETs and NECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Fath
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Jordan T Ewald
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Claudia Robles-Planells
- Department of Pediatrics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Ann M Tomanek-Chalkley
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Stephen A Graves
- Department of Radiology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - James R Howe
- Department of Surgery, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Thomas M O'Dorisio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Prerna Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Andrew M Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - M Sue O'Dorisio
- Department of Pediatrics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240
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3
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Wu X, Qian L, Zhao H, Lei W, Liu Y, Xu X, Li J, Yang Z, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Tang R, Yang Y, Tian Y. CXCL12/CXCR4: An amazing challenge and opportunity in the fight against fibrosis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101809. [PMID: 36442720 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process caused by abnormal wound healing response, which often leads to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, distortion of organ architecture, and loss of organ function. Aging is an important risk factor for the development of organ fibrosis. C-X-C receptor 4 (CXCR4) is the predominant chemokine receptor on fibrocytes, C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) is the only ligand of CXCR4. Accumulated evidence have confirmed that CXCL12/CXCR4 can be involved in multiple pathological mechanisms in fibrosis, such as inflammation, immunity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. In addition, CXCL12/CXCR4 have also been shown to improve fibrosis levels in many organs including the heart, liver, lung and kidney; thus, they are promising targets for anti-fibrotic therapy. Notably, inhibitors of CXCL12 or CXCR4 also play an important role in various fibrosis-related diseases. In summary, this review systematically summarizes the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 in fibrosis, and this information is of great significance for understanding CXCL12/CXCR4. This will also contribute to the design of further studies related to CXCL12/CXCR4 and fibrosis, and shed light on potential therapies for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Du Wang
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Tang
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Asong-Fontem N, Panisello-Rosello A, Beghdadi N, Lopez A, Rosello-Catafau J, Adam R. Pre-Ischemic Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion Alleviates Protective Molecular Markers of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Liver. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1954-1969. [PMID: 35961798 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To expand the pool of organs, hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE), one of the most promising perfusion protocols, is currently performed after cold storage (CS) at transplant centers (HOPE-END). We investigated a new timing for HOPE, hypothesizing that performing HOPE before CS (HOPE-PRE) could boost mitochondrial protection allowing the graft to better cope with the accumulation of oxidative stress during CS. We analyzed liver injuries at 3 different levels. Histologic analysis demonstrated that, compared to classical CS (CTRL), the HOPE-PRE group showed significantly less ischemic necrosis compared to CTRL vs HOPE-END. From a biochemical standpoint, transaminases were lower after 2 hours of reperfusion in the CTRL vs HOPE-PRE group, which marked decreased liver injury. qPCR analysis on 37 genes involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed protection in HOPE-PRE and HOPE-END compared to CTRL mediated through similar pathways. However, the CTRL vs HOPE-PRE group demonstrated an increased transcriptional level for protective genes compared to the CTRL vs HOPE-END group. This study provides insights on novel biomarkers that could be used in the clinic to better characterize graft quality improving transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njikem Asong-Fontem
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Arnau Panisello-Rosello
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nassiba Beghdadi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center Hépato-Biliaire, APHP Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Joan Rosello-Catafau
- Experimental Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - René Adam
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Unité Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center Hépato-Biliaire, APHP Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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5
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Nguyen NT, Umbaugh DS, Huang EL, Adelusi OB, Sanchez Guerrero G, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. Recovered Hepatocytes Promote Macrophage Apoptosis through CXCR4 after Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:248-260. [PMID: 35642939 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the main cause of acute liver failure in Western countries. The mechanism of APAP hepatotoxicity is associated with centrilobular necrosis which initiates infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes, and other leukocytes to the area of necrosis. While it has been recognized that this infiltration of immune cells plays a critical role in promoting liver repair, mechanism of immune cell clearance that is important for resolution of inflammation and the return to normal homeostasis are not well characterized. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor expressed on hepatocytes as well as neutrophils, monocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells. CXCR4 function is dependent on its selective expression on different cell types and thus can vary depending on the pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages through CXCR4 to promote macrophage apoptosis after APAP overdose. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to APAP overdose (300 mg/kg). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the mode of cell death of macrophages and expression pattern of CXCR4 during the resolution phase of APAP hepatotoxicity. The impact of CXCR4 in regulation of macrophage apoptosis and liver recovery was assessed after administration of a monoclonal antibody against CXCR4. RNAseq analysis was performed on flow cytometry sorted CXCR4+ macrophages at 72 h to confirm the apoptotic cell death of macrophages. Our data indicate that the inflammatory response is resolved by recovering hepatocytes through induction of CXCR4 on macrophages, which triggers their cell death by apoptosis at the end of the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Eileen L Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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6
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Modulation of Prostanoids Profile and Counter-Regulation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 and VIP/VPAC2 Expression by Sitagliptin in Non-Diabetic Rat Model of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313155. [PMID: 34884960 PMCID: PMC8658172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of sitagliptin repurposed for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the impact of IRI and sitagliptin on the hepatic profile of eicosanoids (LC-MS/MS) and expression/concentration (RTqPCR/ELISA) of GLP-1/GLP-1R, SDF-1α/CXCR4 and VIP/VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 in 36 rats. Animals were divided into four groups and subjected to ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion (24 h) with or without pretreatment with sitagliptin (5 mg/kg) (IR and SIR) or sham-operated with or without sitagliptin pretreatment (controls and sitagliptin). PGI2, PGE2, and 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 were significantly upregulated in IR but not SIR, while sitagliptin upregulated PGD2 and 15-deoxy-12,14-PGJ2. IR and sitagliptin non-significantly upregulated GLP-1 while Glp1r expression was borderline detectable. VIP concentration and Vpac2 expression were downregulated in IR but not SIR, while Vpac1 was significantly downregulated solely in SIR. IRI upregulated both CXCR4 expression and concentration, and sitagliptin pretreatment abrogated receptor overexpression and downregulated Sdf1. In conclusion, hepatic IRI is accompanied by an elevation in proinflammatory prostanoids and overexpression of CXCR4, combined with downregulation of VIP/VPAC2. Beneficial effects of sitagliptin during hepatic IRI might be mediated by drug-induced normalization of proinflammatory prostanoids and upregulation of PGD2 and by concomitant downregulation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 and reinstating VIP/VCAP2 signaling.
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Schottelius M, Herrmann K, Lapa C. In Vivo Targeting of CXCR4-New Horizons. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5920. [PMID: 34885030 PMCID: PMC8656854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its pre-eminent role in the context of tumor cell growth as well as metastasis, the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has attracted a lot of interest in the field of nuclear oncology, and clinical evidence on the high potential of CXCR4-targeted theranostics is constantly accumulating. Additionally, since CXCR4 also represents a key player in the orchestration of inflammatory responses to inflammatory stimuli, based on its expression on a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune cells (e.g., macrophages and T-cells), CXCR4-targeted inflammation imaging has recently gained considerable attention. Therefore, after briefly summarizing the current clinical status quo of CXCR4-targeted theranostics in cancer, this review primarily focuses on imaging of a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases via the quantification of tissue infiltration with CXCR4-expressing immune cells. An up-to-date overview of the ongoing preclinical and clinical efforts to visualize inflammation and its resolution over time is provided, and the predictive value of the CXCR4-associated imaging signal for disease outcome is discussed. Since the sensitivity and specificity of CXCR4-targeted immune cell imaging greatly relies on the availability of suitable, tailored imaging probes, recent developments in the field of CXCR4-targeted imaging agents for various applications are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Schottelius
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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8
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Yang X, Lu D, Wang R, Lian Z, Lin Z, Zhuo J, Chen H, Yang M, Tan W, Yang M, Wei X, Wei Q, Zheng S, Xu X. Single-cell profiling reveals distinct immune phenotypes that contribute to ischaemia-reperfusion injury after steatotic liver transplantation. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13116. [PMID: 34469018 PMCID: PMC8488562 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The discrepancy between supply and demand of organ has led to an increased utilization of steatotic liver for liver transplantation (LT). Hepatic steatosis, however, is a major risk factor for graft failure due to increased susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the plasticity and phenotype of immune cells within the microenvironment of steatotic liver graft at single-cell level, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was carried out on 23 675 cells from transplanted rat livers. Bioinformatic analyses and multiplex immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the functional properties, transcriptional regulation, phenotypic switching and cell-cell interactions of different cell subtypes. RESULTS We have identified 11 different cell types in transplanted livers and found that the highly complex ecosystem was shaped by myeloid-derived cell subsets that transit between different states and interact mutually. Notably, a pro-inflammatory phenotype of Kupffer cells (KCs) with high expression of colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) that was enriched in transplanted steatotic livers was potentially participated in fatty graft injury. We have also detected a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) with highly expressing XCR1 that was correlated with CD8+ T cells, mediating the severer steatotic liver damage by I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study provide new insight into the mechanisms by which steatosis exacerbates liver damage from I/R injury. Interventions based on these observations create opportunities in attenuating fatty liver graft injury and expanding the donor pool.
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Otaka F, Ito Y, Nakamoto S, Nishizawa N, Hyodo T, Hosono K, Majima M, Koizumi W, Amano H. Macrophages contribute to liver repair after monocrotaline-induced liver injury via SDF-1/CXCR4. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:668. [PMID: 33986833 PMCID: PMC8112113 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocrotaline (MCT) administration induces liver injury in rodents that mimics the pathology of human sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. MCT-induced SOS models are used to investigate the mechanism of injury and optimize treatment strategies. However, the processes underlying liver repair are largely unknown. Specifically, the role of macrophages, the key drivers of liver repair, has not been elucidated. The current study aimed to examine the role of macrophages in the repair of MCT-induced liver injury in male C57/BL6 mice. Maximal liver injury occurred at 48 h post-MCT treatment, followed by repair at 120 h post-treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CD68+ macrophages were recruited to the injured regions after MCT treatment. This was associated with the decreased expression of genes related to a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype and the increased expression of those associated with a reparative macrophage phenotype during the repair phase. The results also revealed that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) were upregulated, and CD68+ macrophages were co-localized with CXCR4 expression. Treatment of mice with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, delayed liver repair and increased the expression of genes related to a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. In contrast, SDF-1 treatment stimulated liver repair and increased the expression of genes related to a reparative macrophage phenotype. The results suggested that macrophages accumulate in the liver and repair damaged tissue after MCT treatment, and that the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumisato Otaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hyodo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kanako Hosono
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Medical Therapeutics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Wasaburo Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
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10
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CXCL16 silencing alleviates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury during liver transplantation by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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De Paepe ME, Wong T, Chu S, Mao Q. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression in very preterm human lungs: potential relevance for stem cell therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:146-156. [PMID: 32281423 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1751899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The axis formed by CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), expressed on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), expressed in recipient organs, is a critical mediator of MSC migration in non-pulmonary injury models. The role and regulation of SDF-1 expression in preterm lungs, of potential relevance for MSC-based cell therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the spatiotemporal pattern of CXCR4/SDF-1 expression in lungs of extremely preterm infants at risk for BPD.Methods: Postmortem lung samples were collected from ventilated extremely preterm infants who died between 23 and 29 wks ("short-term ventilated") or between 36 and 39 wks ("long-term ventilated") corrected postmenstrual age. Results were compared with age-matched infants who had lived <12 h or stillborn infants ("early" and "late" controls). CXCR4 and SDF-1 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy, and qRT-PCR analysis.Results: Compared with age-matched controls without antenatal infection, lungs of early control infants with evidence of intrauterine infection/inflammation showed significant upregulation of SDF-1 expression, localized to the respiratory epithelium, and of CXCR4 expression, localized to stromal cells. Similarly, pulmonary SDF-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in long-term ventilated ex-premature infants with established BPD than in age-matched controls. The pulmonary vasculature was devoid of SDF-1 expression at all time points. Endogenous CXCR4-positive stromal cells were preferentially localized along the basal aspect of SDF-1-positive bronchial and respiratory epithelial cells, suggestive of functionality of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis.Conclusions: Incipient and established neonatal lung injury is associated with upregulation of SDF-1 expression, restricted to the respiratory epithelium. Knowledge of the clinical associations, time-course and localization of pulmonary SDF-1 expression may guide decisions about the optimal timing and delivery route of MSC-based cell therapy for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E De Paepe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Talia Wong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sharon Chu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Quanfu Mao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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12
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Yu FPS, Molino S, Sikora J, Rasmussen S, Rybova J, Tate E, Geurts AM, Turner PV, Mckillop WM, Medin JA. Hepatic pathology and altered gene transcription in a murine model of acid ceramidase deficiency. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1572-1592. [PMID: 31186526 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Farber disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) characterized by systemic ceramide accumulation caused by a deficiency in acid ceramidase (ACDase). In its classic form, FD manifests with painful lipogranulomatous nodules in extremities and joints, respiratory complications, and neurological involvement. Hepatosplenomegaly is commonly reported, and severe cases of FD cite liver failure as a cause of early death. Mice homozygous for an orthologous patient mutation in the ACDase gene (Asah1P361R/P361R) recapitulate the classical form of human FD. In this study, we demonstrate impaired liver function and elevation of various liver injury markers in Asah1P361R/P361R mice as early as 5 weeks of age. Histopathology analyses demonstrated significant formation and recruitment of foamy macrophages, invasion of neutrophils, progressive tissue fibrosis, increased cell proliferation and death, and significant storage pathology within various liver cell types. Lipidomic analyses revealed alterations to various lipid concentrations in both serum and liver tissue. A significant accumulation of ceramide and other sphingolipids in both liver and hepatocytes was noted. Sphingolipid acyl chains were also altered, with an increase in long acyl chain sphingolipids coinciding with a decrease in ultra-long acyl chains. Hepatocyte transcriptome analyses revealed significantly altered gene transcription. Molecular pathways related to inflammation were found activated, and molecular pathways involved in lipid metabolism were found deactivated. Altered gene transcription within the sphingolipid pathway itself was also observed. The data presented herein demonstrates that deficiency in ACDase results in liver pathology as well as sphingolipid and gene transcription profile changes that lead to impaired liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian P S Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Salvatore Molino
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pathology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shauna Rasmussen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jitka Rybova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Everett Tate
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Patricia V Turner
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - William M Mckillop
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Jin W, Liang X, Brooks A, Futrega K, Liu X, Doran MR, Simpson MJ, Roberts MS, Wang H. Modelling of the SDF-1/CXCR4 regulated in vivo homing of therapeutic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in mice. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6072. [PMID: 30564525 PMCID: PMC6286806 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for cell-based therapies in the treatment of tissue injury. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis plays a significant role in directing MSC homing to sites of injury. However in vivo MSC distribution following intravenous transplantation remains poorly understood, potentially hampering the precise prediction and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Methods A murine model of partial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is used to induce liver injury, increase the hepatic levels of SDF-1, and study in vivo MSC distribution. Hypoxia-preconditioning increases the expression of CXCR4 in human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Quantitative assays for human DNA using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) allow us to examine the in vivo kinetics of intravenously infused human MSCs in mouse blood and liver. A mathematical model-based system is developed to characterize in vivo homing of human MSCs in mouse models with SDF-1 levels in liver and CXCR4 expression on the transfused MSCs. The model is calibrated to experimental data to provide novel estimates of relevant parameter values. Results Images of immunohistochemistry for SDF-1 in the mouse liver with I/R injury show a significantly higher SDF-1 level in the I/R injured liver than that in the control. Correspondingly, the ddPCR results illustrate a higher MSC concentration in the I/R injured liver than the normal liver. CXCR4 is overexpressed in hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs. An increased number of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs in the I/R injured liver is observed from the ddPCR results. The model simulations align with the experimental data of control and hypoxia-preconditioned human MSC distribution in normal and injured mouse livers, and accurately predict the experimental outcomes with different MSC doses. Discussion The modelling results suggest that SDF-1 in organs is an effective in vivo attractant for MSCs through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and reveal the significance of the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemotaxis on in vivo homing of MSCs. This in vivo modelling approach allows qualitative characterization and prediction of the MSC homing to normal and injured organs on the basis of clinically accessible variables, such as the MSC dose and SDF-1 concentration in blood. This model could also be adapted to abnormal conditions and/or other types of circulating cells to predict in vivo homing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anastasia Brooks
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew J Simpson
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Haolu Wang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Chalin A, Lefevre B, Devisme C, Pronier C, Carrière V, Thibault V, Amiot L, Samson M. Serum CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, and CXCL14 chemokine patterns in patients with acute liver injury. Cytokine 2018; 111:500-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in fatty liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 52:61-72. [PMID: 30171344 PMCID: PMC6542780 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a kind of injury resulting from the restoration of the blood supply after blood vessel closure during liver transplantation and is the main cause of graft failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatic IR include a variety of oxidative stress responses. Hepatic IR is characterized by ischemia and hypoxia inducing oxidative stress, immune response and apoptosis. Fat-denatured livers are also used as donors due to the lack of liver donors. Fatty liver is less tolerant to IR than normal liver. Heme oxygenase (HO) is an enzyme that breaks down hemoglobin to bilirubin, ferrous iron and carbon monoxide (CO). Inducible HO subtype HO-1 is an important protective molecule in mammalian cells used to improve acute and chronic liver injury owing to its characteristic anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic qualities. HO-1 degrades heme, and its reaction product CO has been shown to reduce hepatic IR injury and increase the survival rate of grafts. As an induced form of HO, HO-1 also exerts a protective effect against liver IR injury and may be useful as a new strategy of ameliorating this kind of damage. This review summarizes the protective effects of HO-1 in liver IR injury, especially in fatty liver.
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16
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Neutrophils: a cornerstone of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Transl Med 2018; 98:51-62. [PMID: 28920945 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality due to graft rejection after liver transplantation. During IRI, an intense inflammatory process occurs in the liver. This hepatic inflammation is initiated by the ischemic period but occurs mainly during the reperfusion phase, and is characterized by a large neutrophil recruitment to the liver. Production of cytokines, chemokines, and danger signals results in activation of resident hepatocytes, leukocytes, and Kupffer cells. The role of neutrophils as the main amplifiers of liver injury in IRI has been recognized in many publications. Several studies have shown that elimination of excessive neutrophils or inhibition of their function leads to reduction of liver injury and inflammation. However, the mechanisms involved in neutrophil recruitment during liver IRI are not well known. In addition, the molecules necessary for this type of migration are poorly defined, as the liver presents an atypical sinusoidal vasculature in which the classical leukocyte migration paradigm only partially applies. This review summarizes recent advances in neutrophil-mediated liver damage, and its application to liver IRI. Basic mechanisms of activation of neutrophils and their unique mechanisms of recruitment into the liver vasculature are discussed. In particular, the role of danger signals, adhesion molecules, chemokines, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and metalloproteinases is explored. The precise definition of the molecular events that govern the recruitment of neutrophils and their movement into inflamed tissue may offer new therapeutic alternatives for hepatic injury by IRI and other inflammatory diseases of the liver.
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17
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Song P, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Shu Z, Xu P, He L, Yang C, Zhang J, Wang H, Li Y, Li Q. Hepatic recruitment of CD11b+Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes promotes hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:935-945. [PMID: 29251315 PMCID: PMC5752159 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes infiltrate damaged liver tissue during noninfectious liver injury and often have dual roles, perpetuating inflammation and promoting resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. However, how monocyte subsets distribute and are differentially recruited in the liver remain unclear. In the current study, the subpopulations of infiltrating monocytes were examined following liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice using flow cytometry. CD11b+Ly6C high (Ly6Chi) cells (inflammatory monocytes) and CD11b+Ly6C low cells (reparative monocytes) were recruited into the liver following I/R injury. Treatment with clodronate-loaded liposomes, which transiently deplete systemic macrophages, alleviated hepatic damage. Mice genetically deficient in C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), or its receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), exhibited diminished hepatic damage compared with wild-type mice following I/R, by controlling intrahepatic inflammatory Ly6Chi monocyte accumulation. In addition, the CCR2 specific inhibitor RS504393 alleviated hepatic I/R injury. The results suggest that the CCR2/ CCL2 axis an important role in monocyte infiltration and may represent a novel target for the treatment of liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Shu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Long He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430033 P.R. China
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver has a number of functions in innate immunity. These functions predispose the liver to innate immune-mediated liver injury when inflammation goes unchecked. Significant progress has been made in the last 25 years on sterile inflammatory liver injury in a number of models; however, a great deal of controversy and many questions about the nature of sterile inflammation still exist. AIM The goal of this article is to review sterile inflammatory liver injury using both a basic approach to what constitutes the inflammatory injury, and through examination of current models of liver injury and inflammation. This information will be tied to human patient conditions when appropriate. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Inflammation is one of the most critical factors for managing in-patient liver disease in a number of scenarios. More information is needed for both scientists and clinicians to develop rational treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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19
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Liepelt A, Tacke F. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) as a target in liver diseases. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G203-9. [PMID: 27313175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00193.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) or CXCL12 is constitutively expressed in healthy liver. However, its expression increases following acute or chronic liver injury. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and malignant hepatocytes are important sources of SDF-1/CXCL12 in liver diseases. CXCL12 is able to activate two chemokine receptors with different downstream signaling pathways, CXCR4 and CXCR7. CXCR7 expression is relevant on LSEC, while HSC, mesenchymal stem cells, and tumor cells mainly respond via CXCR4. Here, we summarize recent developments in the field of liver diseases involving this chemokine and its receptors. SDF-1-dependent signaling contributes to modulating acute liver injury and subsequent tissue regeneration. By activating HSC and recruiting mesenchymal cells from bone marrow, CXCL12 can promote liver fibrosis progression, while CXCL12-CXCR7 interactions endorse proregenerative responses in chronic injury. Moreover, the SDF-1 pathway is linked to development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and HCC metastasis. High hepatic CXCR4 expression has been suggested as a biomarker indicating poor prognosis of HCC patients. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) also express CXCR4 and migrate toward CXCL12. Thus CXCL12 inhibition might not only directly block HCC growth but also modulate the tumor microenvironment (angiogenesis, MDSC), thereby sensitizing HCC patients to conventional or emerging novel cancer therapies (e.g., sorafenib, regorafenib, nivolumab, pembrolizumab). We herein summarize the current knowledge on the complex interplay between CXCL12 and CXCR4/CXCR7 in liver diseases and discuss approaches on the therapeutic targeting of these axes in hepatitis, fibrosis, and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Liepelt
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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