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Li J, Zhang X. Development of radiotracers for riboflavin transporter 3 imaging in diseases-A brief overview. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:77-81. [PMID: 38131157 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF, vitamin B2) plays a key role in metabolic oxidation-reduction reactions, especially in the mitochondrial reprogramming of energy metabolism. Riboflavin transporter 3 (RFVT3) is a vital section of the mitochondrial network and involved in riboflavin homeostasis and production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The abnormal expression of RFVT3 is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of multiple diseases. Therefore, it is vital to understand the riboflavin internalization pathway under pathological conditions by addressing the abnormal expression of RFVT3, which could be a highly valuable biomarker for the early diagnosis and effective therapy of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Theranostics and Translational Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Sugandhi VV, Pangeni R, Vora LK, Poudel S, Nangare S, Jagwani S, Gadhave D, Qin C, Pandya A, Shah P, Jadhav K, Mahajan HS, Patravale V. Pharmacokinetics of vitamin dosage forms: A complete overview. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:48-83. [PMID: 38268871 PMCID: PMC10804103 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are crucial for sustaining life because they play an essential role in numerous physiological processes. Vitamin deficiencies can lead to a wide range of severe health issues. In this context, there is a need to administer vitamin supplements through appropriate routes, such as the oral route, to ensure effective treatment. Therefore, understanding the pharmacokinetics of vitamins provides critical insights into absorption, distribution, and metabolism, all of which are essential for achieving the desired pharmacological response. In this review paper, we present information on vitamin deficiencies and emphasize the significance of understanding vitamin pharmacokinetics for improved clinical research. The pharmacokinetics of several vitamins face various challenges, and thus, this work briefly outlines the current issues and their potential solutions. We also discuss the feasibility of enhanced nanocarrier-based pharmaceutical formulations for delivering vitamins. Recent studies have shown a preference for nanoformulations, which can address major limitations such as stability, solubility, absorption, and toxicity. Ultimately, the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical dosage forms containing vitamins can impede the treatment of diseases and disorders related to vitamin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudra Pangeni
- Department of PharmaceuticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Sagun Poudel
- Department of PharmaceuticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Sopan Nangare
- Department of PharmaceuticsH. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchShirpurMaharashtraIndia
| | - Satveer Jagwani
- KLE College of PharmacyKLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchBelagaviKarnatakaIndia
| | - Dnyandev Gadhave
- Department of PharmaceuticsSinhgad Technical Education SocietySinhgad Institute of PharmacyPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Chaolong Qin
- Department of PharmaceuticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Anjali Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Chemical TechnologyMumbaiIndia
| | - Purav Shah
- Thoroughbred Remedies ManufacturingTRM Industrial EstateNewbridgeIreland
| | - Kiran Jadhav
- KLE College of PharmacyKLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchBelagaviKarnatakaIndia
| | - Hitendra S. Mahajan
- Department of PharmaceuticsR. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchShirpurMaharashtraIndia
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Chemical TechnologyMumbaiIndia
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3
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Zhao Y, Yan M, Xue S, Zhang T, Shen X. Influence of ultrasound and enzymatic cross-linking on freeze-thaw stability and release properties of whey protein isolate hydrogel. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7253-7265. [PMID: 35863927 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of ultrasound and enzymatic cross-linking on the freeze-thaw (FT) stability and release properties of whey protein isolate hydrogels. We evaluated the FT stability by the changes in the microstructure, riboflavin retention, syneresis, water holding capacity (WHC), and texture of gels subjected to 3 FT cycles. High-intensity ultrasound (HUS) and transglutaminase (TGase)-mediated cross-linking improved the FT stability of whey protein isolate hydrogels loaded with riboflavin (WPISAR), as demonstrated by a more uniform and denser porous structure, significantly higher riboflavin retention, WHC, and textural properties, and lower syneresis after 3 FT cycles than those of untreated hydrogels. Furthermore, HUS- and TGase-mediated cross-linking decreased protein erosion and swelling ratio of WPISAR in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (SGIF) and reduced the riboflavin release rate in SGIF both with and without the addition of digestive enzymes. After 3 FT cycles, faster riboflavin release occurred due to a more porous structure induced by ice crystal formation compared with their unfrozen counterparts as detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. High-intensity ultrasound- and TGase-mediated cross-linking alleviated the FT-induced faster riboflavin release rate in SGIF. High-intensity ultrasound- and TGase-treated gel samples showed that both diffusion and network erosion were responsible for riboflavin release regardless of FT. These results suggest that HUS- and TGase-mediated cross-linking improved the FT stability of WPISAR with a high riboflavin retention, and might be a good candidate as a controlled-release vehicle for riboflavin delivery to overcome undesired FT processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mi Yan
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shiqi Xue
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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4
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Colasuonno F, Marioli C, Tartaglia M, Bertini E, Compagnucci C, Moreno S. New Insights into the Neurodegeneration Mechanisms Underlying Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency (RTD): Involvement of Energy Dysmetabolism and Cytoskeletal Derangement. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061329. [PMID: 35740351 PMCID: PMC9219947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by motor, sensory and cranial neuropathy. This childhood-onset neurodegenerative disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in either SLC52A2 or SLC52A3 genes, resulting in insufficient supply of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and consequent impairment of flavoprotein-dependent metabolic pathways. Current therapy, empirically based high-dose riboflavin supplementation, ameliorates the progression of the disease, even though response to treatment is variable and partial. Recent studies have highlighted concurrent pathogenic contribution of cellular energy dysmetabolism and cytoskeletal derangement. In this context, patient specific RTD models, based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, have provided evidence of redox imbalance, involving mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction. Such oxidative stress condition likely causes cytoskeletal perturbation, associated with impaired differentiation of RTD motor neurons. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings obtained using different RTD models. Relevantly, the integration of data from innovative iPSC-derived in vitro models and invertebrate in vivo models may provide essential information on RTD pathophysiology. Such novel insights are expected to suggest custom therapeutic strategies, especially for those patients unresponsive to high-dose riboflavin treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Colasuonno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Marioli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (M.T.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.M.)
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5
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Palmieri F, Monné M, Fiermonte G, Palmieri L. Mitochondrial transport and metabolism of the vitamin B-derived cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD + , and related diseases: A review. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:592-617. [PMID: 35304818 PMCID: PMC9311062 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mitochondrial matrix enzymes playing key roles in metabolism require cofactors for their action. Due to the high impermeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, these cofactors need to be synthesized within the mitochondria or be imported, themselves or one of their precursors, into the organelles. Transporters belonging to the protein family of mitochondrial carriers have been identified to transport the coenzymes: thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+ , which are all structurally similar to nucleotides and derived from different B-vitamins. These mitochondrial cofactors bind more or less tightly to their enzymes and, after having been involved in a specific reaction step, are regenerated, spontaneously or by other enzymes, to return to their active form, ready for the next catalysis round. Disease-causing mutations in the mitochondrial cofactor carrier genes compromise not only the transport reaction but also the activity of all mitochondrial enzymes using that particular cofactor and the metabolic pathways in which the cofactor-dependent enzymes are involved. The mitochondrial transport, metabolism and diseases of the cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+ are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
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6
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Ma Z, Li L, Wu C, Huang Y, Teng F, Li Y. Effects of combined enzymatic and ultrasonic treatments on the structure and gel properties of soybean protein isolate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Jin C, Yonezawa A. Recent advances in riboflavin transporter RFVT and its genetic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108023. [PMID: 34662687 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is essential for cellular growth and function. It is enzymatically converted to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which participate in the metabolic oxidation-reduction reactions of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Human riboflavin transporters RFVT1, RFVT2, and RFVT3 have been identified and characterized since 2008. They are highly specific transporters of riboflavin. RFVT3 has functional characteristics different from those of RFVT1 and RFVT2. RFVT3 contributes to absorption in the small intestine, reabsorption in the kidney, and transport to the fetus in the placenta, while RFVT2 mediates the tissue distribution of riboflavin from the blood. Several mutations in the SLC52A2 gene encoding RFVT2 and the SLC52A3 gene encoding RFVT3 were found in patients with a rare neurological disorder known as Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome. These patients commonly present with bulbar palsy, hearing loss, muscle weakness, and respiratory symptoms in infancy or later in childhood. A decrease in plasma riboflavin levels has been observed in several cases. Recent studies on knockout mice and patient-derived cells have advanced the understanding of these mechanisms. Here, we summarize novel findings on RFVT1-3 and their genetic diseases and discuss their potential as therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyun Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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8
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Biotinylated Mn 3O 4 nanocuboids for targeted delivery of gemcitabine hydrochloride to breast cancer and MRI applications. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120895. [PMID: 34280487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocarriers have been found as potential candidate for the targeted drug delivery and imaging applications. Herein, we have developed a biocompatible and pH-responsive manganese oxide nanocuboid system, surface modified with poly (ethylene glycol) bis(amine) and functionalized with biotin (Biotin-PEG-MNCs), for an efficient and targeted delivery of an anticancer drug (gemcitabine, GEM) to the human breast cancer cells. GEM-loaded Biotin-PEG@MNCs showed high drug loading efficiency, controlled release of GEM and excellent storage stability in the physiological buffers and different temperature conditions. GEM-loaded Biotin-PEG@MNCs showed dose- and time-dependent decrease in the viability of human breast cancer cells. Further, it exhibited significantly higher cell growth inhibition than pure GEM which suggested that Biotin-PEG@MNCs has efficiently delivered the GEM into cancerous cells. The role of biotin in the uptake was proved by the competitive binding-based cellular uptake study. A significant decrease in the amount of manganese was observed in biotin pre-treated cancer cells as compared to biotin untreated cancer cells. In MRI studies, Biotin-PEG-MNCs showed both longitudinal and transverse relaxivity about 0.091 and 7.66 mM-1 s-1 at 3.0 T MRI scanner, respectively. Overall, the developed Biotin-PEG-MNCs presents a significant potential in formulation development for cancer treatment via targeted drug delivery and enhanced MRI contrast imaging properties.
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9
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Ultrasound heat treatment effects on structure and acid-induced cold set gel properties of soybean protein isolate. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Effect of riboflavin deficiency on development of the cerebral cortex in Slc52a3 knockout mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18443. [PMID: 33116204 PMCID: PMC7595085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin transporter 3 (RFVT3), encoded by the SLC52A3 gene, is important for riboflavin homeostasis in the small intestine, kidney, and placenta. Our previous study demonstrated that Slc52a3 knockout (Slc52a3−/−) mice exhibited neonatal lethality and metabolic disorder due to riboflavin deficiency. Here, we investigated the influence of Slc52a3 gene disruption on brain development using Slc52a3−/− embryos. Slc52a3−/− mice at postnatal day 0 showed hypoplasia of the brain and reduced thickness of cortical layers. At embryonic day 13.5, the formation of Tuj1+ neurons and Tbr2+ intermediate neural progenitors was significantly decreased; no significant difference was observed in the total number and proliferative rate of Pax6+ radial glia. Importantly, the hypoplastic phenotype was rescued upon riboflavin supplementation. Thus, it can be concluded that RFVT3 contributes to riboflavin homeostasis in embryos and that riboflavin itself is required during embryonic development of the cerebral cortex in mice.
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11
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Darguzyte M, Drude N, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Riboflavin-Targeted Drug Delivery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020295. [PMID: 32012715 PMCID: PMC7072493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting can improve the retention of drugs and drug delivery systems in tumors, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. In this context, vitamin receptors that are overexpressed in many cancers are promising targets. In the last decade, attention and research were mainly centered on vitamin B9 (folate) targeting; however, the focus is slowly shifting towards vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Interestingly, while the riboflavin carrier protein was discovered in the 1960s, the three riboflavin transporters (RFVT 1-3) were only identified recently. It has been shown that riboflavin transporters and the riboflavin carrier protein are overexpressed in many tumor types, tumor stem cells, and the tumor neovasculature. Furthermore, a clinical study has demonstrated that tumor cells exhibit increased riboflavin metabolism as compared to normal cells. Moreover, riboflavin and its derivatives have been conjugated to ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles, polyethylene glycol polymers, dendrimers, and liposomes. These conjugates have shown a high affinity towards tumors in preclinical studies. This review article summarizes knowledge on RFVT expression in healthy and pathological tissues, discusses riboflavin internalization pathways, and provides an overview of RF-targeted diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milita Darguzyte
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Natascha Drude
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.)
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Jin C, Yao Y, Yonezawa A, Imai S, Yoshimatsu H, Otani Y, Omura T, Nakagawa S, Nakagawa T, Matsubara K. Riboflavin Transporters RFVT/SLC52A Mediate Translocation of Riboflavin, Rather than FMN or FAD, across Plasma Membrane. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1990-1995. [PMID: 29093349 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) plays a role in various biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and FAD, the biologically active forms, are made from riboflavin. Riboflavin transporters (RFVTs), RFVT1-3/Slc52a1-3, have been identified. However, the roles of human (h)RFVTs in FMN and FAD homeostasis have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we assessed the contribution of each hRFVT to riboflavin, FMN and FAD uptake and efflux using in vitro studies. The transfection of hRFVTs increased cellular riboflavin concentrations. The uptake of riboflavin by human embryonic kidney cells transfected with hRFVTs was significantly increased, and the efflux was accelerated in a time-dependent manner. However, the uptake and efflux of FMN and FAD hardly changed. These results strongly suggest that riboflavin, rather than FMN or FAD, passes through plasma membranes via hRFVTs. Our findings could suggest that hRFVTs are involved in riboflavin homeostasis in the cells, and that FMN and FAD concentrations are regulated by riboflavin kinase and FAD synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyun Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Yoshiaki Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Hiroki Yoshimatsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Yuki Otani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Tomohiro Omura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital
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13
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Udhayabanu T, Karthi S, Mahesh A, Varalakshmi P, Manole A, Houlden H, Ashokkumar B. Adaptive regulation of riboflavin transport in heart: effect of dietary riboflavin deficiency in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 440:147-156. [PMID: 28836047 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency or defective transport of riboflavin (RF) is known to cause neurological disorders, cataract, cardiovascular anomalies, and various cancers by altering the biochemical pathways. Mechanisms and regulation of RF uptake process is well characterized in the cells of intestine, liver, kidney, and brain origin, while very little is known in the heart. Hence, we aimed to understand the expression and regulation of RF transporters (rRFVT-1 and rRFVT-2) in cardiomyocytes during RF deficiency and also investigated the role of RF in ischemic cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo. Riboflavin uptake assay revealed that RF transport in H9C2 is (1) significantly higher at pH 7.5, (2) independent of Na+ and (3) saturable with a Km of 3.746 µM. For in vivo studies, male Wistar rats (110-130 g) were provided riboflavin deficient food containing 0.3 ± 0.05 mg/kg riboflavin for 7 weeks, which resulted in over expression of both RFVTs in mRNA and protein level. RF deprivation resulted in the accumulation of cardiac biomarkers, histopathological abnormalities, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential which evidenced the key role of RF in the development of cardiovascular pathogenesis. Besides, adaptive regulation of RF transporters upon RF deficiency signifies that RFVTs can be considered as an effective delivery system for drugs against cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilarasan Udhayabanu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Sellamuthu Karthi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Ayyavu Mahesh
- Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Andreea Manole
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Laboratory, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Laboratory, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India.
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14
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Li J, Wang S, Li M, Xu H, Li D, Yin C, Zhao J, Li F. Decreased risk of developing cancer in subjects carrying SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism: proof from a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2016; 10:1105-1118. [PMID: 27600099 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to explore the association between SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism and cancer risk. MATERIALS & METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed to confirm the relationship evaluated using STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS Overall, SLC52A3 rs13042395 C>T polymorphism was associated with cancer risk in two genetic models (TT vs CC: odds ratio: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.80-0.93; p < 0.001, TT vs CC + CT: odds ratio: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.95; p = 0.001). Significant associations were found between SLC52A3 rs13042395 polymorphism and decreased cancer risk among esophageal cancer, Asians, female, normal BMI and old age groups. No significant associations were observed in alcohol and smoking groups. CONCLUSION SLC52A3 rs13042395 C>T polymorphism might be a potential biomarker for cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Can Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
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Disruption of Slc52a3 gene causes neonatal lethality with riboflavin deficiency in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27557. [PMID: 27272163 PMCID: PMC4897618 DOI: 10.1038/srep27557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of riboflavin should be maintained by transporters. Previous in vitro studies have elucidated basic information about riboflavin transporter RFVT3 encoded by SLC52A3 gene. However, the contribution of RFVT3 to the maintenance of riboflavin homeostasis and the significance in vivo remain unclear. Here, we investigated the physiological role of RFVT3 using Slc52a3 knockout (Slc52a3−/−) mice. Most Slc52a3−/− mice died with hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia within 48 hr after birth. The plasma and tissue riboflavin concentrations in Slc52a3−/− mice at postnatal day 0 were dramatically lower than those in wild-type (WT) littermates. Slc52a3−/− fetuses showed a lower capacity of placental riboflavin transport compared with WT fetuses. Riboflavin supplement during pregnancy and after birth reduced neonatal death and metabolic disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report to indicate that Rfvt3 contributes to placental riboflavin transport, and that disruption of Slc52a3 gene caused neonatal mortality with hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia owing to riboflavin deficiency.
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Subramanian VS, Lambrecht N, Lytle C, Said HM. Conditional (intestinal-specific) knockout of the riboflavin transporter-3 (RFVT-3) impairs riboflavin absorption. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G285-93. [PMID: 26660539 PMCID: PMC4754740 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00340.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF) is indispensable for normal cell metabolism, proliferation, and growth. The RFVT-3 protein (product of the Slc52a3 gene) is expressed in the gut with the expression being restricted to the apical membrane domain of the polarized intestinal epithelial cells. The relative contribution of RFVT-3 to total carrier-mediated RF uptake in the native intestine, however, is not clear. We addressed this issue in the current investigation using a conditional (intestinal-specific) RFVT-3 knockout (cKO) mouse model developed by the Cre/Lox approach. All RFVT-3 cKO mice were found to be RF deficient and showed a significant growth and development retardation; also, nearly two-thirds of them died prematurely between the age of 6 and 12 wk. In vivo (intestinal and colonic loops) and in vitro (native isolated intestinal epithelial cells) uptake studies showed a severe inhibition in carrier-mediated RF uptake in the cKO mice compared with control littermates. We also observed a significant increase in the level of expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes in the intestine of the cKO mice compared with control littermates. Supplementation of the RFVT-3 cKO mice with pharmacological doses of RF led to a complete correction of the growth retardation and to normalization in the level of expression of the oxidative stress-responsive genes in the gut. These results show, for the first time, that the RFVT-3 system is the main transporter involved in carrier-mediated RF uptake in the native mouse small and large intestine, and that its dysfunction impairs normal RF body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veedamali S. Subramanian
- 1Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; ,2Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and
| | - Nils Lambrecht
- 2Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and
| | - Christian Lytle
- 3Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Hamid M. Said
- 1Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; ,2Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and
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Wu AML, Dedina L, Dalvi P, Yang M, Leon-Cheon J, Earl B, Harper PA, Ito S. Riboflavin uptake transporter Slc52a2 (RFVT2) is upregulated in the mouse mammary gland during lactation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R578-85. [PMID: 26791833 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00507.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While it is well recognized that riboflavin accumulates in breast milk as an essential vitamin for neonates, transport mechanisms for its milk excretion are not well characterized. The multidrug efflux transporter ABCG2 in the apical membrane of milk-producing mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is involved with riboflavin excretion. However, it is not clear whether MECs possess other riboflavin transport systems, which may facilitate its basolateral uptake into MECs. We report here that transcripts encoding the second (SLC52A2) and third (SLC52A3) member of the recently discovered family of SLC52A riboflavin uptake transporters are expressed in milk fat globules from human breast milk. Furthermore, Slc52a2 and Slc52a3 mRNA are upregulated in the mouse mammary gland during lactation. Importantly, the induction ofSlc52a2, which was the major Slc52a riboflavin transporter in the lactating mammary gland, was also observed at the protein level. Subcellular localization studies showed that green fluorescent protein-tagged mouse SLC52A2 mainly localized to the cell membrane, with no preferential distribution to the apical or basolateral membrane in polarized kidney MDCK cells. These results strongly implicate a potential role for SLC52A2 in riboflavin uptake by milk-producing MECs, a critical step in the transfer of riboflavin into breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Man Lai Wu
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Liana Dedina
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Pooja Dalvi
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Mingdong Yang
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - John Leon-Cheon
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Brian Earl
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Patricia A Harper
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Shinya Ito
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hu H, Zhu X, Hu T, Cheung IW, Pan S, Li-Chan EC. Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on formation of transglutaminase-catalysed soy protein hydrogel as a riboflavin vehicle for functional foods. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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