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Rios-Covian D, Butcher LD, Ablack AL, den Hartog G, Matsubara MT, Ly H, Oates AW, Xu G, Fisch KM, Ahrens ET, Toden S, Brown CC, Kim K, Le D, Eckmann L, Dhar B, Izumi T, Ernst PB, Crowe SE. A Novel Hypomorphic Apex1 Mouse Model Implicates Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Oxidative DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Epithelial Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:183-197. [PMID: 35754343 PMCID: PMC10039277 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Though best known for its role in oxidative DNA damage repair, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates multiple host responses during oxidative stress, including the reductive activation of transcription factors. As knockout of the APE1-encoding gene, Apex1, is embryonically lethal, we sought to create a viable model with generalized inhibition of APE1 expression. Results: A hypomorphic (HM) mouse with decreased APE1 expression throughout the body was generated using a construct containing a neomycin resistance (NeoR) cassette knocked into the Apex1 site. Offspring were assessed for APE1 expression, breeding efficiency, and morphology with a focused examination of DNA damage in the stomach. Heterozygotic breeding pairs yielded 50% fewer HM mice than predicted by Mendelian genetics. APE1 expression was reduced up to 90% in the lungs, heart, stomach, and spleen. The HM offspring were typically smaller, and most had a malformed tail. Oxidative DNA damage was increased spontaneously in the stomachs of HM mice. Further, all changes were reversed when the NeoR cassette was removed. Primary gastric epithelial cells from HM mice differentiated more quickly and had more evidence of oxidative DNA damage after stimulation with Helicobacter pylori or a chemical carcinogen than control lines from wildtype mice. Innovation: A HM mouse with decreased APE1 expression throughout the body was generated and extensively characterized. Conclusion: The results suggest that HM mice enable studies of APE1's multiple functions throughout the body. The detailed characterization of the stomach showed that gastric epithelial cells from HM were more susceptible to DNA damage. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 183-197.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rios-Covian
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lindsay D. Butcher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amber L. Ablack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mason T. Matsubara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hong Ly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew W. Oates
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Guorong Xu
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric T. Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shusuke Toden
- Molecular Stethoscope, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Corrie C. Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dzung Le
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bithika Dhar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter B. Ernst
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sheila E. Crowe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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2
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Zhao M, Wei F, Sun G, Wen Y, Xiang J, Su F, Zhan L, Nian Q, Chen Y, Zeng J. Natural compounds targeting glycolysis as promising therapeutics for gastric cancer: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004383. [PMID: 36438836 PMCID: PMC9684197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, a common malignant disease, seriously endangers human health and life. The high mortality rate due to gastric cancer can be attributed to a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Cancer cells utilize the glycolytic pathway to produce energy even under aerobic conditions, commonly referred to as the Warburg effect, which is a characteristic of gastric cancer. The identification of new targets based on the glycolytic pathway for the treatment of gastric cancer is a viable option, and accumulating evidence has shown that phytochemicals have extensive anti-glycolytic properties. We reviewed the effects and mechanisms of action of phytochemicals on aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer cells. Phytochemicals can effectively inhibit aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer cells, suppress cell proliferation and migration, and promote apoptosis, via the PI3K/Akt, c-Myc, p53, and other signaling pathways. These pathways affect the expressions of HIF-1α, HK2, LDH, and other glycolysis-related proteins. This review further assesses the potential of using plant-derived compounds for the treatment of gastric cancer and sheds insight into the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangwei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangting Su
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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3
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Liu X, Li G, Song B, Xu W. Claudin-1/4 as directly target gene of HIF-1α can feedback regulating HIF-1α by PI3K-AKT-mTOR and impact the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell though Rho GTPase and p-JNK pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:665-682. [PMID: 34276052 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical microarray comprising 80 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and discovered that the expression of CLDN1 and CLDN4 were significantly higher in cancer tissues compared to para-cancerous tissues. Furthermore, CLDN4 significantly affected the overall survival of cancer patients. When two ESCC cell lines (TE1, KYSE410) were exposed to hypoxia (0.1% O2), CLDN1/4 was shown to influence the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer. Compared with the control culture group, the cancer cells cultured under hypoxic conditions exhibited obvious changes in CLDN1 and CLDN4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Through genetic intervention and Chip, we found that HIF-1α could directly regulate the expression of CLDN1 and CLDN4 in cancer cells. Hypoxia can affect the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells by regulating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Molecular analysis further revealed that CLDN1 and CLDN4 can participate in the regulation process and had a feedback regulatory effect on HIF-1α expression in cancer cells. In vitro cellular experiments and vivo experiments in nude mice further revealed that changes in CLDN4 expression in cancer cells could affect the proliferation of cancer cells via regulation of Rho GTP and p-JNK pathway. Whether CLDN4 can be target for the treatment of ESCC needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Zhancheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China
| | - Shenli Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Xianfang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 038000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Song
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, P.R. China.
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4
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The HIF-1α as a Potent Inducer of the Hallmarks in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112711. [PMID: 35681691 PMCID: PMC9179860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors in the clinic that is resistant to chemotherapy. Gastric tumors are rich in hypoxic niches, and high expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, strategies that target hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling may be highly effective in gastric cancer treatment. However, the precise mechanisms by which hypoxia-inducible factor-1α induces tumor hallmarks in gastric cancer are yet unrevealed. Here, we review the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as a potent inducer of the cancer hallmarks in gastric cancer to provide a broad perspective and reveal missing links investigating which may offer new strategies to target hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling in gastric cancer. Abstract Hypoxia is the principal architect of the topographic heterogeneity in tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) reinforces all hallmarks of cancer and donates cancer cells with more aggressive characteristics at hypoxic niches. HIF-1α potently induces sustained growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and replicative immortality. Hypoxia leads to the selection of cancer cells that evade growth suppressors or apoptotic triggers and deregulates cellular energetics. HIF-1α is also associated with genetic instability, tumor-promoting inflammation, and escape from immunity. Therefore, HIF-1α may be an important therapeutic target in cancer. Despite that, the drug market lacks safe and efficacious anti-HIF-1α molecules, raising the quest for fully unveiling the complex interactome of HIF-1α in cancer to discover more effective strategies. The knowledge gap is even wider in gastric cancer, where the number of studies on hypoxia is relatively low compared to other well-dissected cancers. A comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α induces gastric cancer hallmarks could provide a broad perspective to the investigators and reveal missing links to explore in future studies. Thus, here we review the impact of HIF-1α on the cancer hallmarks with a specific focus on gastric cancer.
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5
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Luo W, Nagaria TS, Sun H, Ma J, Lombardo JL, Bassett R, Cao AC, Tan D. Expression and Potential Prognostic Value of SOX9, MCL-1 and SPOCK1 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610293. [PMID: 35221802 PMCID: PMC8863590 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, though its incidence is in decline in most developed countries. One of the major challenges of treating gastric cancer is tumor heterogeneity, which portends a high degree of prognostic variance and the necessity for different treatment modalities. Tumor heterogeneity is at least in part due to divergent differentiation of tumor cells to clones harboring different molecular alterations. Here we studied the expression of emerging prognostic markers SOX9, MCL-1, and SPOCK1 (Testican-1) in a cohort of gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and investigated how individual biomarkers and their combinations predict disease prognosis. We found frequent expression of SPOCK1 (in both nuclei and cytoplasm), MCL-1 and SOX9 in gastric cancer. In univariate analysis, nuclear SPOCK1 expression and pathologic TNM stage were negative prognostic markers in this cohort. In multivariate analysis, SOX9 expression stood out as a predictor of poor prognosis. Further subgroup analysis suggested prognostic value of SOX9 expression in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma. MCL-1 showed no prognostic role in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Teddy S Nagaria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Junsheng Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jamie L Lombardo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pathology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roland Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Austin C Cao
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Liang YY, Niu FY, Xu AA, Jiang LL, Liu CS, Liang HP, Huang YF, Shao XF, Mo ZW, Yuan YW. Increased MCL-1 synthesis promotes irradiation-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistance via regulation of the ROS/AKT loop. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:131. [PMID: 35136016 PMCID: PMC8827103 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare head and neck cancer; however, it is a common malignancy in southern China. Radiotherapy is the most important treatment strategy for NPC. However, although radiotherapy is a strong tool to kill cancer cells, paradoxically it also promotes aggressive phenotypes. Therefore, we mimicked the treatment process in NPC cells in vitro. Upon exposure to radiation, a subpopulation of NPC cells gradually developed resistance to radiation and displayed cancer stem-cell characteristics. Radiation-induced stemness largely depends on the accumulation of the antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) protein. Upregulated MCL-1 levels were caused by increased stability and more importantly, enhanced protein synthesis. We showed that repeated ionizing radiation resulted in persistently enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at a higher basal level, further promoting protein kinase B (AKT) signaling activation. Intracellular ROS and AKT activation form a positive feedback loop in the process of MCL-1 protein synthesis, which in turn induces stemness and radioresistance. AKT/MCL-1 axis inhibition attenuated radiation-induced resistance, providing a potential target to reverse radiation therapy-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Yu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section 3, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-An Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Shan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ping Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun-Fan Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Mo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ya-Wei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Integrative Analysis of Deregulated miRNAs Reveals Candidate Molecular Mechanisms Linking H. pylori Infected Peptic Ulcer Disease with Periodontitis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1498525. [PMID: 35132337 PMCID: PMC8817886 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1498525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral infectious disease and has been increasingly associated with H. pylori infection, gastric inflammation, and gastric cancer but little is known about epigenetic machinery underlying this potentially bidirectional association. The present study is aimed at identifying key deregulated miRNA, their associated genes, signaling pathways, and compounds linking periodontitis with H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease. Methods miRNA expression datasets for periodontitis-affected and H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease-affected tissues were sought from the GEO database. Differentially expressed miRNA (DEmiRNAs) were identified and the overlapping, shared-DEmiRNA between both datasets were determined. Shared-DEmiRNA-target networks construction and functional analyses were constructed using miRNet 2.0, including shared-DEmiRNA-gene, shared-DEmiRNA-transcription factor (TF), and shared-DEmiRNA-compound networks. Functional enrichment analysis for shared DEmiRNA-gene and shared DEmiRNA-TF networks was performed using the KEGG, Reactome, and Geno Ontology (GO) pathways. Results 11 shared-DEmiRNAs were identified, among which 9 showed similar expression patterns in both diseases, and 7 were overexpressed. miRNA hsa-hsa-mir-155-5p and hsa-mir-29a-3p were top miRNA nodes in both gene and TF networks. The topmost candidate miRNA-deregulated genes were PTEN, CCND1, MDM2, TNRC6A, and SCD while topmost deregulated TFs included STAT3, HIF1A, EZH2, CEBPA, and RUNX1. Curcumin, 5-fluorouracil, and the gallotanin 1,2,6-Tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose emerged as the most relevant linkage compound targets. Functional analyses revealed multiple cancer-associated pathways, PI3K pathways, kinase binding, and transcription factor binding among as enriched by the network-associated genes and TFs. Conclusion Integrative analysis of deregulated miRNAs revealed candidate molecular mechanisms comprising of top miRNA, their gene, and TF targets linking H. pylori-infected peptic ulcer disease with periodontitis and highlighted compounds targeting both diseases. These findings provide basis for directing future experimental research.
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8
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Polansky H, Goral B. How an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can cause Alzheimer's disease: the viral and cellular dynamics according to the microcompetition model. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:895-916. [PMID: 34635992 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies observed a link between the herpes smplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Alzheimer's disease. However, the exact viral and cellular dynamics that lead from an HSV-1 infection to Alzheimer's disease are unknown. In this paper, we use the microcompetition model to formulate these dynamics by connecting seemingly unconnected observations reported in the literature. We concentrate on four pathologies characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. First, we explain how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can decrease the expression of BECN1/Beclin1, the degradative trafficking protein, which, in turn, can cause a dysregulation of autophagy and Alzheimer's disease. Second, we show how an increase in the copy number of the latent HSV-1 can decrease the expression of many genes important for mitochondrial genome metabolism, respiratory chain, and homeostasis, which can lead to oxidative stress and neuronal damage, resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Third, we describe how an increase in this copy number can reduce the concentration of the NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2b (Grin1 and Grin2b genes), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which can cause an impaired synaptic plasticity, Aβ accumulation and eventually Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we show how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 in neural stem/progenitor cells in the hippocampus during the latent phase can lead to an abnormal quantity and quality of neurogenesis, and the clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease. Since the current understanding of the dynamics and homeostasis of the HSV-1 reservoir during latency is limited, the proposed model represents only a first step towards a complete understanding of the relationship between the copy number of HSV-1 during latency and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Polansky
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 3 Germay Dr, Wilmington, DE, 19804, USA.
| | - Benjamin Goral
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 3 Germay Dr, Wilmington, DE, 19804, USA
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Yin YP, Shi WH, Deng K, Liu XL, Li H, Lv XT, Lui VWY, Ding C, Hong B, Lin WC. Combinations of proteasome inhibitors with obatoclax are effective for small cell lung cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1298-1310. [PMID: 33139838 PMCID: PMC8285499 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib (BTZ), and carfilzomib (CFZ) are approved drugs for hematological malignancies, but lack anticancer activities against most solid tumors. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a very aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lungs demanding effective therapy. In this study we investigated whether BTZ or CFZ combined with obatoclax (OBX), an antagonist for MCL-1 and a pan-BCL family inhibitor, could cause synergistic growth inhibition of SCLC cells. We showed that combined application of BTZ or CFZ with OBX caused synergistic growth inhibition of human SCLC cell lines (H82, H526, DMS79, H196, H1963, and H69) than single agent alone. Both BTZ-OBX and CFZ-OBX combinations displayed marked synergism on inducing apoptosis (~50% increase vs BTZ or CFZ alone). A comprehensive proteomics analysis revealed that BTZ preferentially induced the expression of MCL-1, an antiapoptotic protein, in SCLC cells. Thus, proteasome inhibitor-OBX combinations could specifically induce massive growth inhibition and apoptosis in SCLC cells. Subsequent proteome-wide profiling analysis of activated transcription factors suggested that BTZ- or CFZ-induced MCL-1 upregulation was transcriptionally driven by FOXM1. In nude mice bearing in SCLC H82 xenografts, both BTZ-OBX, and CFZ-OBX combinations exhibited remarkable antitumor activities against SCLC tumors evidenced by significant reduction of tumor size and the proliferation marker Ki-67 signals in tumor tissues as compared with single agent alone. Thus, proteasome inhibitor-OBX combinations are worth immediate assessments for SCLC in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Yin
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wen-Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ke Deng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hong Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lv
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Bo Hong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Wen-Chu Lin
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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Sayed IM, Sahan AZ, Venkova T, Chakraborty A, Mukhopadhyay D, Bimczok D, Beswick EJ, Reyes VE, Pinchuk I, Sahoo D, Ghosh P, Hazra TK, Das S. Helicobacter pylori infection downregulates the DNA glycosylase NEIL2, resulting in increased genome damage and inflammation in gastric epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11082-11098. [PMID: 32518160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium Helicobacter pylori induces an inflammatory response and oxidative DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells that can lead to gastric cancer (GC). However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is largely unclear. Here, we report that the suppression of Nei-like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2), a mammalian DNA glycosylase that specifically removes oxidized bases, is one mechanism through which H. pylori infection may fuel the accumulation of DNA damage leading to GC. Using cultured cell lines, gastric biopsy specimens, primary cells, and human enteroid-derived monolayers from healthy human stomach, we show that H. pylori infection greatly reduces NEIL2 expression. The H. pylori infection-induced downregulation of NEIL2 was specific, as Campylobacter jejuni had no such effect. Using gastric organoids isolated from the murine stomach in coculture experiments with live bacteria mimicking the infected stomach lining, we found that H. pylori infection is associated with the production of various inflammatory cytokines. This response was more pronounced in Neil2 knockout (KO) mouse cells than in WT cells, suggesting that NEIL2 suppresses inflammation under physiological conditions. Notably, the H. pylori-infected Neil2-KO murine stomach exhibited more DNA damage than the WT. Furthermore, H. pylori-infected Neil2-KO mice had greater inflammation and more epithelial cell damage. Computational analysis of gene expression profiles of DNA glycosylases in gastric specimens linked the reduced Neil2 level to GC progression. Our results suggest that NEIL2 downregulation is a plausible mechanism by which H. pylori infection impairs DNA damage repair, amplifies the inflammatory response, and initiates GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ayse Z Sahan
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tatiana Venkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Irina Pinchuk
- College of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John and Rebecca Moore Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tapas K Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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11
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Saga of Mcl-1: regulation from transcription to degradation. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:405-419. [PMID: 31907390 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of the Bcl-2 family are the central regulators of various cell death modalities. Some of these proteins contribute to apoptosis, while others counteract this type of programmed cell death, thus balancing cell demise and survival. A disruption of this balance leads to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that underlie the regulation of proteins of the Bcl-2 family is of great importance for biomedical research. Among the members of the Bcl-2 family, antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 is characterized by a short half-life, which renders this protein highly sensitive to changes in its synthesis or degradation. Hence, the regulation of Mcl-1 is of particular scientific interest, and the study of Mcl-1 modulators could aid in the understanding of the mechanisms of disease development and the ways of their treatment. Here, we summarize the present knowledge regarding the regulation of Mcl-1, from transcription to degradation, focusing on aspects that have not yet been described in detail.
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12
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Polansky H, Schwab H. How latent viruses cause breast cancer: An explanation based on the microcompetition model. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:221-226. [PMID: 30579323 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancer cases show a decrease in the concentration of the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1). However, only a small portion of these cases have a mutated BRCA1 gene. Although many attempts have been made to identify the reason for the decrease in BRCA1 concentration in sporadic, non-heritable breast cancer cases, the cause is still unknown. In this review, we use the Microcompetition Model to explain how certain latent viruses, which are frequently detected in breast cancer tumors, can decrease the expression of the BRCA1 gene and cause the development of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Polansky
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Polansky H, Schwab H. Latent viruses can cause disease by disrupting the competition for the limiting factor p300/CBP. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:56. [PMID: 30505323 PMCID: PMC6260892 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CBP and p300 are histone acetyltransferase coactivators that control the transcription of numerous genes in humans, viruses, and other organisms. Although two separate genes encode CBP and p300, they share a 61% sequence identity, and they are often mentioned together as p300/CBP. Zhou et al. showed that under hypoxic conditions, HIF1α and the tumor suppressor p53 compete for binding to the limiting p300/CBP coactivator. Jethanandani & Kramer showed that δEF1 and MYOD genes compete for the limited amount of p300/CBP in the cell. Bhattacharyya et al. showed that the limiting availability of p300/CBP in the cell serves as a checkpoint for HIF1α activity. Here, we use the microcompetition model to explain how latent viruses with a specific viral cis-regulatory element in their promoter/enhancer can disrupt this competition, causing diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Polansky
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 616 Corporate Way, Suite 2-3665, Valley Cottage, New York City, NY 10989 USA
| | - Hava Schwab
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 616 Corporate Way, Suite 2-3665, Valley Cottage, New York City, NY 10989 USA
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14
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Kokate SB, Dixit P, Das L, Rath S, Roy AD, Poirah I, Chakraborty D, Rout N, Singh SP, Bhattacharyya A. Acetylation-mediated Siah2 stabilization enhances PHD3 degradation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cancer cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:5378-5389. [PMID: 29688807 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701344rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori acquire highly invasive and metastatic characteristics. The seven in absentia homolog (Siah)2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is one of the major proteins that induces invasiveness of infected gastric epithelial cells. We find that p300-driven acetylation of Siah2 at lysine 139 residue stabilizes the molecule in infected cells, thereby substantially increasing its efficiency to degrade prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)3 in the gastric epithelium. This enhances the accumulation of an oncogenic transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) in H. pylori-infected gastric cancer cells in normoxic condition and promotes invasiveness of infected cells. Increased acetylation of Siah2, Hif1α accumulation, and the absence of PHD3 in the infected human gastric metastatic cancer biopsy samples and in invasive murine gastric cancer tissues further confirm that the acetylated Siah2 (ac-Siah2)-Hif1α axis is crucial in promoting gastric cancer invasiveness. This study establishes the importance of a previously unrecognized function of ac-Siah2 in regulating invasiveness of H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.-Kokate, S. B., Dixit, P., Das, L., Rath, S., Roy, A. D., Poirah, I., Chakraborty, D., Rout, N., Singh, S. P., Bhattacharyya, A. Acetylation-mediated Siah2 stabilization enhances PHD3 degradation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Pragyesh Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Lopamudra Das
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Suvasmita Rath
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Arjama Dhar Roy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Indrajit Poirah
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Debashish Chakraborty
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Oncopathology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Odisha, India
| | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Odisha, India
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
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15
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Helicobacter pylori infection promotes Aquaporin 3 expression via the ROS–HIF-1α–AQP3–ROS loop in stomach mucosa: a potential novel mechanism for cancer pathogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:3549-3561. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Santos SAD, Andrade DRD. HIF-1alpha and infectious diseases: a new frontier for the development of new therapies. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e92. [PMID: 29267600 PMCID: PMC5738998 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to show the significant role of HIF-1alpha in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Hypoxia is a physiological characteristic of a wide range of diseases from cancer to infection. Cellular hypoxia is sensed by oxygen-sensitive hydrolase enzymes, which control the protein stability of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha 1 (HIF-1alpha) transcription factors. When stabilized, HIF-1alpha binds with its cofactors to HIF-responsive elements (HREs) in the promoters of target genes to organize a broad ranging transcriptional program in response to the hypoxic environment. HIF-1alpha also plays a regulatory function in response to a diversity of molecular signals of infection and inflammation even under normoxic conditions. HIF-1alpha is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and a wide range of infections. Its induction is a general element of the host response to infection. In this review, we also discuss recent advances in knowledge on HIF-1alpha and inflammatory responses, as well as its direct influence in infectious diseases caused by bacteria, virus, protozoan parasites and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sânia Alves Dos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Bacteriologia (LIM 54), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dahir Ramos de Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Bacteriologia (LIM 54), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Luo B, Wang M, Hou N, Hu X, Jia G, Qin X, Zuo X, Liu Y, Luo K, Song W, Wang K, Pang M. ATP-Dependent Lon Protease Contributes to Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis. Neoplasia 2017; 18:242-52. [PMID: 27108387 PMCID: PMC4840290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest risk factor for development of gastric cancer. Host cellular stress responses, including inflammatory and immune responses, have been reported highly linked to H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis. However, whether mitochondrial regulation and metabolic reprogramming, which are potently associated with various cancers, play a role in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis is largely unknown. Here we revealed that Lon protease (Lonp1), which is a key inductive of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) and is required to maintain the mitochondrial quality, was greatly induced in H. pylori infected gastric epithelial cells. Importantly, we uncovered that knockdown of Lonp1 expression significantly diminished the metabolic switch to glycolysis and gastric cell proliferation associated with low multiplicity of H. pylori infection. In addition, Lonp1 overexpression in gastric epithelial cells also promoted glycolytic switch and cell overgrowth, suggesting H. pylori effect is Lonp1 dependent. We further demonstrated that H. pylori induced Lonp1 expression and cell overgrowth, at least partially, via HIF-1α regulation. Collectively, our results concluded the relevance of Lonp1 for cell proliferation and identified Lonp1 as a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Minggang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengyi Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqing Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianpeng Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghui Pang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Canales J, Valenzuela M, Bravo J, Cerda-Opazo P, Jorquera C, Toledo H, Bravo D, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori Induced Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase/mTOR Activation Increases Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α to Promote Loss of Cyclin D1 and G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Gastric Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:92. [PMID: 28401064 PMCID: PMC5368181 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human gastric pathogen that has been linked to the development of several gastric pathologies, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. In the gastric epithelium, the bacterium modifies many signaling pathways, resulting in contradictory responses that favor both proliferation and apoptosis. Consistent with such observations, H. pylori activates routes associated with cell cycle progression and cell cycle arrest. H. pylori infection also induces the hypoxia-induced factor HIF-1α, a transcription factor known to promote expression of genes that permit metabolic adaptation to the hypoxic environment in tumors and angiogenesis. Recently, however, also roles for HIF-1α in the repair of damaged DNA and inhibition of gene expression were described. Here, we investigated signaling pathways induced by H. pylori in gastric cells that favor HIF-1α expression and the consequences thereof in infected cells. Our results revealed that H. pylori promoted PI3K/mTOR-dependent HIF-1α induction, HIF-1α translocation to the nucleus, and activity as a transcription factor as evidenced using a reporter assay. Surprisingly, however, transcription of known HIF-1α effector genes evaluated by qPCR analysis, revealed either no change (LDHA and GAPDH), statistically insignificant increases SLC2A1 (GLUT-1) or greatly enhance transcription (VEGFA), but in an HIF-1α-independent manner, as quantified by PCR analysis in cells with shRNA-mediated silencing of HIF-1α. Instead, HIF-1α knockdown facilitated G1/S progression and increased Cyclin D1 protein half-life, via a post-translational pathway. Taken together, these findings link H. pylori-induced PI3K-mTOR activation to HIF-1α induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by a Cyclin D1-dependent mechanism. Thus, HIF-1α is identified here as a mediator between survival and cell cycle arrest signaling activated by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Canales
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Cerda-Opazo
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Toledo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Oral, Departamento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad De Odontología, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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19
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Pérez S, Taléns-Visconti R, Rius-Pérez S, Finamor I, Sastre J. Redox signaling in the gastrointestinal tract. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:75-103. [PMID: 28062361 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox signaling regulates physiological self-renewal, proliferation, migration and differentiation in gastrointestinal epithelium by modulating Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways mainly through NADPH oxidases (NOXs). In the intestine, intracellular and extracellular thiol redox status modulates the proliferative potential of epithelial cells. Furthermore, commensal bacteria contribute to intestine epithelial homeostasis through NOX1- and dual oxidase 2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). The loss of redox homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis and development of a wide diversity of gastrointestinal disorders, such as Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, ischemic intestinal injury, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. The overproduction of superoxide anion together with inactivation of superoxide dismutase are involved in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus and its transformation to adenocarcinoma. In Helicobacter pylori-induced peptic ulcer, oxidative stress derived from the leukocyte infiltrate and NOX1 aggravates mucosal damage, especially in HspB+ strains that downregulate Nrf2. In celiac disease, oxidative stress mediates most of the cytotoxic effects induced by gluten peptides and increases transglutaminase levels, whereas nitrosative stress contributes to the impairment of tight junctions. Progression of inflammatory bowel disease relies on the balance between pro-inflammatory redox-sensitive pathways, such as NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB, and the adaptive up-regulation of Mn superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 2. In colorectal cancer, redox signaling exhibits two Janus faces: On the one hand, NOX1 up-regulation and derived hydrogen peroxide enhance Wnt/β-catenin and Notch proliferating pathways; on the other hand, ROS may disrupt tumor progression through different pro-apoptotic mechanisms. In conclusion, redox signaling plays a critical role in the physiology and pathophysiology of gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Taléns-Visconti
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabela Finamor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjasot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
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20
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Kountouras J, Boziki M, Polyzos SA, Katsinelos P, Gavalas E, Zeglinas C, Tzivras D, Romiopoulos I, Giorgakis N, Anastasiadou K, Vardaka E, Kountouras C, Kazakos E, Xiromerisiou G, Dardiotis E, Deretzi G. Impact of reactive oxygen species generation on Helicobacter pylori-related extragastric diseases: a hypothesis. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:73-79. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1271122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Gavalas
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Zeglinas
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri Tzivras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iordanis Romiopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Giorgakis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Anastasiadou
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vardaka
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Xiromerisiou
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Devraj G, Beerlage C, Brüne B, Kempf VAJ. Hypoxia and HIF-1 activation in bacterial infections. Microbes Infect 2016; 19:144-156. [PMID: 27903434 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For most of the living beings, oxygen is one of the essential elements required to sustain life. Deprivation of oxygen causes tissue hypoxia and this severely affects host cell and organ functions. Tissue hypoxia is a prominent microenvironmental condition occurring in infections and there is a body of evidence that hypoxia and inflammation are interconnected with each other. The primary key factor mediating the mammalian hypoxic response is hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1, which regulates oxygen homeostasis on cellular, tissue and organism level. Recent studies show that HIF-1 plays a central role in angiogenesis, cancer and cardiovascular disease but also in bacterial infections. Activation of HIF-1 depends on the nature of the pathogen and the characteristics of infections in certain hosts. Up to date, it is not completely clear whether the phenomenon of HIF-1 activation in infections has a protective or detrimental effect on the host. In this review, we give an overview of whether and how hypoxia and HIF-1 affect the course of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Devraj
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christiane Beerlage
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I - Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe-University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Wang LH, Jiang XR, Yang JY, Bao XF, Chen JL, Liu X, Chen GL, Wu CF. SYP-5, a novel HIF-1 inhibitor, suppresses tumor cells invasion and angiogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:560-568. [PMID: 27664769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an essential role in carcinogenesis. The overexpression of HIF-1 induced by hypoxia is closely associated with metastasis, poor prognosis and high mortality. In this study, a novel HIF-1 inhibitor SYP-5 was first observed by the luciferase reporter assay. Western blots results showed SYP-5 inhibited hypoxia-induced upregulation of HIF-1. Moreover, the proteins of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 that are targets of HIF-1, were down-regulated by SYP-5. Furthermore, in the tube formation assay, SYP-5 suppressed angiogenesis induced by hypoxia and VEGF in vitro. Additionally, using Transwell and RTCA assays, we found that SYP-5 also retarded the Hep3B and Bcap37 cells migration and invasion induced by hypoxia and FBS. Last, we also detected the upstream pathways related to HIF-1 and found both PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK were involved in the SYP-5 mediated invasive inhibition of Bcap37 cells. These results indicates that SYP-5 inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion, as well as tumor angiogenesis, which are mediated by suppressing PI3K/AKT- and MAPK/ERK-dependent HIF-1 pathway. It suggests that SYP-5 might be a potential HIF-1 inhibitor as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiao-Rui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xue-Fei Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jun-Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guo-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
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Zhu C, Zhu Q, Wang C, Zhang L, Wei F, Cai Q. Hostile takeover: Manipulation of HIF-1 signaling in pathogen-associated cancers (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1269-76. [PMID: 27499495 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 is a central regulator in the adaptation process of cell response to hypoxia (low oxygen). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that HIF-1 plays an important role in the development and progression of many types of human diseases, including pathogen-associated cancers. In the present review, we summarize the recent understandings of how human pathogenic agents including viruses, bacteria and parasites deregulate cellular HIF-1 signaling pathway in their associated cancer cells, and highlight the common molecular mechanisms of HIF-1 signaling activated by these pathogenic infection, which could act as potential diagnostic markers and new therapeutic strategies against human infectious cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wei
- ShengYushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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ETS2 and Twist1 promote invasiveness of Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer cells by inducing Siah2. Biochem J 2016; 473:1629-40. [PMID: 27048589 PMCID: PMC4888467 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
H. pylori induce ETS2 and Twist1 expression in the infected GCC. ETS2 and Twist1 transcriptionally activate siah2 in the H. pylori-infected GCCs. H. pylori-mediated Siah2 induction enhances motility and invasiveness of the infected GCCs.
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most potent factors leading to gastric carcinogenesis. The seven in absentia homologue (Siah2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase which has been implicated in various cancers but its role in H. pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis has not been established. We investigated the involvement of Siah2 in gastric cancer metastasis which was assessed by invasiveness and migration of H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cancer cells. Cultured gastric cancer cells (GCCs) MKN45, AGS and Kato III showed significantly induced expression of Siah2, increased invasiveness and migration after being challenged with the pathogen. Siah2-expressing stable cells showed increased invasiveness and migration after H. pylori infection. Siah2 was transcriptionally activated by E26 transformation-specific sequence 2 (ETS2)- and Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) induced in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. These transcription factors dose-dependently enhanced the aggressiveness of infected GCCs. Our data suggested that H. pylori-infected GCCs gained cell motility and invasiveness through Siah2 induction. As gastric cancer biopsy samples also showed highly induced expression of ETS2, Twist1 and Siah2 compared with noncancerous gastric tissue, we surmise that ETS2- and Twist1-mediated Siah2 up-regulation has potential diagnostic and prognostic significance and could be targeted for therapeutic purpose.
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Kim G, Kim TH, Kang MJ, Choi JA, Pack DY, Lee IR, Kim MG, Han SS, Kim BY, Oh SM, Lee KB, Kim DJ, Park JH. Inhibitory effect of withaferin A on Helicobacter pylori‑induced IL‑8 production and NF‑κB activation in gastric epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:967-72. [PMID: 26647855 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA), a withanolide purified from Withania somnifera, has been known to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The present study sought to determine the effects of WA on Helicobacter (H.) pylori-mediated inflammation in the AGS gastric epithelial cell line. Cellular production of interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α stabilization. Bacterial growth was also examined by measuring the optical density. Pre-treatment or co-treatment with WA efficiently reduced IL-8 production by AGS cells in response to H. pylori infection. H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB, but not MAPKs, was also inhibited by pre-treatment of WA in the cells. However, WA did not affect VEGF production and HIF-1α stabilization induced by H. pylori in AGS cells. In addition, WA did not influence the growth of H. pylori, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect of WA was not due to any bactericidal effect. These findings indicate that WA is a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Green Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyoun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Seoul 151‑742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Pack
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Rae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Seop Han
- Graduate School of Pre‑Clinical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon‑Gun, Choongbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Muk Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon‑Gun, Choongbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
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Matak P, Heinis M, Mathieu JRR, Corriden R, Cuvellier S, Delga S, Mounier R, Rouquette A, Raymond J, Lamarque D, Emile JF, Nizet V, Touati E, Peyssonnaux C. Myeloid HIF-1 is protective in Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3259-66. [PMID: 25710915 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection triggers chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that may progress to gastric cancer. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the central mediators of cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels (hypoxia), but they have emerged recently as major transcriptional regulators of immunity and inflammation. No studies have investigated whether H. pylori affects HIF signaling in immune cells and a potential role for HIF in H. pylori-mediated gastritis. HIF-1 and HIF-2 expression was examined in human H. pylori-positive gastritis biopsies. Subsequent experiments were performed in naive and polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type (WT) and myeloid HIF-1α-null mice (HIF-1(Δmyel)). WT and HIF-1(Δmyel) mice were inoculated with H. pylori by oral gavage and sacrificed 6 mo postinfection. HIF-1 was specifically expressed in macrophages of human H. pylori-positive gastritis biopsies. Macrophage HIF-1 strongly contributed to the induction of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β) and inducible NO synthase in response to H. pylori. HIF-2 expression and markers of M2 macrophage differentiation were decreased in response to H. pylori. HIF-1(Δmyel) mice inoculated with H. pylori for 6 mo presented with a similar bacterial colonization than WT mice but, surprisingly, a global increase of inflammation, leading to a worsening of the gastritis, measured by an increased epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, myeloid HIF-1 is protective in H. pylori-mediated gastritis, pointing to the complex counterbalancing roles of innate immune and inflammatory phenotypes in driving this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Matak
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mylène Heinis
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jacques R R Mathieu
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ross Corriden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sylvain Cuvellier
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Delga
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5534, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Lamarque
- Equipe d'Accueil 4340, Université de Versailles, and Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 92104 Boulogne, France; and
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Equipe d'Accueil 4340, Université de Versailles, and Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 92104 Boulogne, France; and
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France;
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27
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Kang MJ, Song EJ, Kim BY, Kim DJ, Park JH. Helicobacter pylori induces vascular endothelial growth factor production in gastric epithelial cells through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent pathway. Helicobacter 2014; 19:476-83. [PMID: 25231285 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Helicobacter pylori have been known to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in gastric epithelial cells, the precise mechanism for cellular signaling is incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of bacterial virulence factor and host cellular signaling in VEGF production of H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated production of VEGF, activation of nuclear factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stabilization in gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori WT or isogenic mutants deficient in type IV secretion system (T4SS). RESULTS H. pylori induced VEGF production in gastric epithelial cells via both T4SS-dependent and T4SS-independent pathways, although T4SS-independent pathway seems to be the dominant signaling. The inhibitor assay implicated that activation of NF-κB and MAPKs is dispensable for H. pylori-induced VEGF production in gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori led to HIF-1α stabilization in gastric epithelial cells independently of T4SS, NF-κB, and MAPKs, which was essential for VEGF production in these cells. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, treatment impaired H. pylori-induced HIF-1α stabilization and VEGF production in gastric epithelial cells. CONCLUSION We defined the important role of ROS-HIF-1α axis in VEGF production of H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, and bacterial T4SS has a minor role in H. pylori-induced VEGF production of gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea; World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-Eup, Cheongwon-Gun, Choongbuk, Korea
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Rath S, Das L, Kokate SB, Pratheek BM, Chattopadhyay S, Goswami C, Chattopadhyay R, Crowe SE, Bhattacharyya A. Regulation of Noxa-mediated apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. FASEB J 2014; 29:796-806. [PMID: 25404713 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-257501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori induces the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl1) in human gastric epithelial cells (GECs). Apoptosis of oncogenic protein Mcl1-expressing cells is mainly regulated by Noxa-mediated degradation of Mcl1. We wanted to elucidate the status of Noxa in H. pylori-infected GECs. For this, various GECs such as AGS, MKN45, and KATO III were either infected with H. pylori or left uninfected. The effect of infection was examined by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, in vitro binding assay, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Infected GECs, surgical samples collected from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma as well as biopsy samples from patients infected with H. pylori showed significant up-regulation of both Mcl1 and Noxa compared with noninfected samples. Coexistence of Mcl1 and Noxa was indicative of an impaired Mcl-Noxa interaction. We proved that Noxa was phosphorylated at Ser(13) residue by JNK in infected GECs, which caused cytoplasmic retention of Noxa. JNK inhibition enhanced Mcl1-Noxa interaction in the mitochondrial fraction of infected cells, whereas overexpression of nonphosphorylatable Noxa resulted in enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the infected epithelium. Because phosphorylation-dephosphorylation can regulate the apoptotic function of Noxa, this could be a potential target molecule for future treatment approaches for H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvasmita Rath
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lopamudra Das
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - B M Pratheek
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chandan Goswami
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ranajoy Chattopadhyay
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sheila Eileen Crowe
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- *National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Biological Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Zhang L, Ye SB, Li ZL, Ma G, Chen SP, He J, Liu WL, Xie D, Zeng YX, Li J. Increased HIF-1alpha expression in tumor cells and lymphocytes of tumor microenvironments predicts unfavorable survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:3887-3897. [PMID: 25120765 PMCID: PMC4129000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The expression of hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α is up-regulated in tumor microenvironments under hypoxia condition. However, the prognostic significance of HIF-1α in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still elusive. We measured the HIF-1α expression by immunochemistry in tumor specimens from 136 resected ESCC; in the current study, the HIF-1α expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with tumor stage (P = 0.003) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.006); whereas the HIF-1α expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) had no relationship with patients' clinicopathological parameters. Patients with high HIF-1α expression in tumor cells or in TILs showed worse survival related to those with low HIF-1α expression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that expression of HIF-1α in TILs was an independent factor for DFS (P = 0.007) and OS (P = 0.013). Additionally, the expression of HIF-1α in tumor cells was an independent factor for DFS (P = 0.037) and OS (P = 0.033) in locoregional ESCC patients, whereas the expression of HIF-1α in TILs was an independent factor for DFS (P = 0.048) and OS (P = 0.039) in metastatic ESCC patients. Correlation analysis revealed that expressions of HIF-1α in tumor cells and in TILs were positively correlated, and patients with combined high HIF-1α in both tumor cells and TILs had the worst survivals (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the HIF-1α expressions in different cell populations of ESCC microenvironments have different clinical relevance and prognostic impact on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unite, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ping Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
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Bhattacharyya A, Chattopadhyay R, Mitra S, Crowe SE. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:329-54. [PMID: 24692350 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1325] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic infections, and inflammatory disorders. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. ROS are produced within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but their roles in pathophysiology and disease pathogenesis have not been well studied. Despite the protective barrier provided by the mucosa, ingested materials and microbial pathogens can induce oxidative injury and GI inflammatory responses involving the epithelium and immune/inflammatory cells. The pathogenesis of various GI diseases including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease is in part due to oxidative stress. Unraveling the signaling events initiated at the cellular level by oxidative free radicals as well as the physiological responses to such stress is important to better understand disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies to manage a variety of conditions for which current therapies are not always sufficient.
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31
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Nishikawa S, Konno M, Hamabe A, Hasegawa S, Kano Y, Ohta K, Fukusumi T, Sakai D, Kudo T, Haraguchi N, Satoh T, Takiguchi S, Mori M, Doki Y, Ishii H. Aldehyde dehydrogenase high gastric cancer stem cells are resistant to chemotherapy. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1437-42. [PMID: 23440340 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to influence chemoresistance, survival, relapse and metastasis. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) functions as an epithelial CSC marker. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of ALDH in gastric CSC maintenance, chemoresistance and survival. Following screening for eight candidate markers (CD13, CD26, CD44, CD90, CD117, CD133, EpCAM and ALDH), five gastric cancer cell lines were found to contain small subpopulations of high ALDH activity (ALDH(high) cells). We also examined the involvement of ALDH(high) cell populations in human primary tumor samples. Immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice were inoculated with tumor tissues obtained from surgical specimens. ALDH(high) cells were found to persist in the xenotransplanted primary tumor samples. in the immunodeficient mice, ALDH(high) cells exhibited a greater sphere‑forming ability in vitro and tumorigenic potential in vivo, compared with subpopulations of low ALDH activity (ALDH(low) cells). Cell cultures treated with 5-fluoro-uracil and cisplatin exhibited higher numbers of ALDH(high) cells. Notch1 and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression was also found to increase in ALDH(high) cells compared with ALDH(low) cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that ALDH generates chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells through Notch1 and Shh signaling, suggesting novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Nishikawa
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Wroblewski LE, Peek RM. When guests simply will not leave. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 12:733-4. [PMID: 23245316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pathogens have evolved exquisite mechanisms of self-regulation via manipulation of host signaling pathways; however, pathologic consequences may ensue. Tsugawa et al. (2012) now report a mechanism of checks and balances used by Helicobacter pylori that is undermined by gastric stem cells, which may lower the threshold for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Wroblewski
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2279, USA
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Mitochondrial activation by inhibition of PDKII suppresses HIF1a signaling and angiogenesis in cancer. Oncogene 2012; 32:1638-50. [PMID: 22614004 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most solid tumors are characterized by a metabolic shift from glucose oxidation to glycolysis, in part due to actively suppressed mitochondrial function, a state that favors resistance to apoptosis. Suppressed mitochondrial function may also contribute to the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and angiogenesis. We have previously shown that the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) dichloroacetate (DCA) activates glucose oxidation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that DCA will also reverse the 'pseudohypoxic' mitochondrial signals that lead to HIF1α activation in cancer, even in the absence of hypoxia and inhibit cancer angiogenesis. We show that inhibition of PDKII inhibits HIF1α in cancer cells using several techniques, including HIF1α luciferase reporter assays. Using pharmacologic and molecular approaches that suppress the prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD)-mediated inhibition of HIF1α, we show that DCA inhibits HIF1α by both a PHD-dependent mechanism (that involves a DCA-induced increase in the production of mitochondria-derived α-ketoglutarate) and a PHD-independent mechanism, involving activation of p53 via mitochondrial-derived H(2)O(2), as well as activation of GSK3β. Effective inhibition of HIF1α is shown by a decrease in the expression of several HIF1α regulated gene products as well as inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro in matrigel assays. More importantly, in rat xenotransplant models of non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer, we show effective inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor perfusion in vivo, assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, nuclear imaging techniques and histology. This work suggests that mitochondria-targeting metabolic modulators that increase pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, in addition to the recently described pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects, suppress angiogenesis as well, normalizing the pseudo-hypoxic signals that lead to normoxic HIF1α activation in solid tumors.
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Vishvakarma NK, Kumar A, Singh V, Singh SM. Hyperglycemia of tumor microenvironment modulates stage-dependent tumor progression and multidrug resistance: implication of cell survival regulatory molecules and altered glucose transport. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52:932-45. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.21922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjani Kumar
- School of Biotechnology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 UP India
| | - Vivek Singh
- School of Biotechnology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 UP India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 UP India
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Kubota S, Yamauchi K, Sugano M, Kawasaki K, Sugiyama A, Matsuzawa K, Akamatsu T, Ohmoto Y, Ota H. Pathophysiological investigation of the gastric surface mucous gel layer of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection by using immunoassays for trefoil factor family 2 and gastric gland mucous cell-type mucin in gastric juice. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:3498-506. [PMID: 21559742 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trefoil factor family (TFF) 2 protein is produced by gastric gland mucous cells (GMCs), and the secreted TFF2 shares a mucosal barrier function with GMC-type mucin. Recently, we presented an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for measurement of GMC-type mucin in the gastric juice. AIMS We aimed to develop an ELISA for TFF2 and to assess pathophysiological changes in the gastric surface mucous gel layer (SMGL) of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS The distribution of TFF2 and GMC-type mucin in the SMGL was immunohistochemically determined. The ELISA for TFF2 was based on a polyclonal goat antibody. Recombinant TFF2 was employed to prepare the calibrators. TFF2 and GMC-type mucin in the gastric juice in healthy individuals (n = 33) and patients with gastritis (n = 37), gastric ulcer (n = 16), and duodenal ulcer (n = 10) were assayed using ELISA. RESULTS TFF2 and GMC-type mucin were immunohistochemically co-localized in the gastric SMGL and GMCs. The TFF2 levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy individuals. Further, the TFF2 levels in the H. pylori-positive patients were significantly higher than those in the H. pylori-negative patients, and decreased after the eradication of the infection. GMC-type mucin levels showed a tendency similar to that of TFF2 levels. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation of TFF2 and GMC-type mucin secretion may reflect the response of the gastric mucosa to H. pylori-induced injuries. TFF2 and GMC-type mucin secreted into the SMGL may protect the gastric mucosa against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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