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Lemos LMS, Miyajima F, Castilho GRC, Martins DTO, Pritchard DM, Burkitt MD. Hexane Extracts of Calophyllum brasiliense Inhibit the Development of Gastric Preneoplasia in Helicobacter felis Infected INS-Gas Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:92. [PMID: 28289390 PMCID: PMC5326747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Indigenous Latin American populations have used extracts from Calophyllum brasiliense, a native hardwood, to treat gastrointestinal symptoms for generations. The hexane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark (HECb) protects against ethanol-mediated gastric ulceration in Swiss–Webster mice. We investigated whether HECb inhibits the development of gastric epithelial pathology following Helicobacter felis infection of INS-Gas mice. Materials and Methods: Groups of five male, 6-week-old INS-Gas mice were colonized with H. felis by gavage. From 2 weeks after colonization their drinking water was supplemented with 2% Tween20 (vehicle), low dose HECb (33 mg/L, lHECb) or high dose HECb (133 mg/L, hHECb). Equivalent uninfected groups were studied. Animals were culled 6 weeks after H. felis colonization. Preneoplastic pathology was quantified using established histological criteria. Gastric epithelial cell turnover was quantified by immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and active-caspase 3. Cytokines were quantified using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Results: Vehicle-treated H. felis infected mice exhibited higher gastric atrophy scores than similarly treated uninfected mice (mean atrophy score 5.6 ± 0.87 SEM vs. 2.2 ± 0.58, p < 0.01). The same pattern was observed following lHECb. Following hHECb treatment, H. felis status did not significantly alter atrophy scores. Gastric epithelial apoptosis was not altered by H. felis or HECb administration. Amongst vehicle-treated mice, gastric epithelial cell proliferation was increased 2.8-fold in infected compared to uninfected animals (p < 0.01). Administration of either lHECb or hHECb reduced proliferation in infected mice to levels similar to uninfected mice. A Th17 polarized response to H. felis infection was observed in all infected groups. hHECb attenuated IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF production following H. felis infection [70% (p < 0.01), 67% (p < 0.01), and 41% (p < 0.05) reduction vs. vehicle, respectively]. Conclusion: HECb modulates gastric epithelial pathology following H. felis infection of INS-Gas mice. Further studies are indicated to confirm the mechanisms underlying these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M S Lemos
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK; Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Federal University of Mato GrossoMato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Fabio Miyajima
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK; Group of Neuropharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Geovane R C Castilho
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - D Mark Pritchard
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
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De Witte C, Schulz C, Smet A, Malfertheiner P, Haesebrouck F. Other Helicobacters and gastric microbiota. Helicobacter 2016; 21 Suppl 1:62-8. [PMID: 27531542 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article aimed to review the literature from 2015 dealing with gastric and enterohepatic non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH). A summary of the gastric microbiota interactions with H. pylori is also presented. An extensive number of studies were published during the last year and have led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infections with NHPH. These infections are increasingly reported in human patients, including infections with H. cinaedi, mainly characterized by severe bacteremia. Whole-genome sequencing appears to be the most reliable technique for identification of NHPH at species level. Presence of NHPH in laboratory animals may influence the outcome of experiments, making screening and eradication desirable. Vaccination based on UreB proteins or bacterial lysate with CCR4 antagonists as well as oral glutathione supplementation may be promising strategies to dampen the pathogenic effects associated with gastric NHPH infections. Several virulent factors such as outer membrane proteins, phospholipase C-gamma 2, Bak protein, and nickel-binding proteins are associated with colonization of the gastric mucosae and development of gastritis. The development of high-throughput sequencing has led to new insights in the gastric microbiota composition and its interaction with H. pylori. Alterations in the gastric microbiota caused by the pH-increasing effect of a H. pylori infection may increase the risk for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Luo Y, Wang X, Wang H, Xu Y, Wen Q, Fan S, Zhao R, Jiang S, Yang J, Liu Y, Li X, Xiong W, Ma J, Peng S, Zeng Z, Li X, Phillips JB, Li G, Tan M, Zhou M. High Bak Expression Is Associated with a Favorable Prognosis in Breast Cancer and Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138955. [PMID: 26406239 PMCID: PMC4583467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. A large number of patients become resistant to drug chemotherapy. Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat cancer patients. Taxol has been widely used in human malignancies including breast cancer because it can stabilize microtubules resulting in cell death by causing an arrest during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 antagonist killer 1 (Bak) plays an important role in Taxol-induced apoptosis in breast cancer. In our present study, we investigated the expression of the Bak protein and clinicopathological correlations in a large sample of breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. We found that the percentage of high scores of Bak expression in breast cancer was significantly lower than that of the non-cancerous breast control tissue. In addition, lower Bak expression was positively associated with the clinical TNM stage of breast cancer with a significant decrease in overall survival compared with those with higher Bak expression especially in the Luminal and HER2 subtypes. Importantly, higher Bak expression predicted a favorable clinical outcome in the cases treated with Taxol indicated by a higher overall survival than that of patients with lower Bak expression especially in Luminal and HER2 subtypes. Furthermore, these results were confirmed in vitro since overexpression of Bak sensitized breast cancer cells to Taxol by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis; in contrast, downregulation of Bak through siRNA transfection inhibited Taxol induced-apoptosis. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Bak acts as a sensitive biomarker and favorable prognostic factor for Taxol treatment in breast cancer. The restoration of Bak expression would be therapeutically beneficial for Taxol resistant breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Luo
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Xinye Wang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Heran Wang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Songqing Fan
- The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Ran Zhao
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Shihe Jiang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Liu
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Joshua B. Phillips
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36604, United States of America
| | - Guiyuan Li
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36604, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MT); (MZ)
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (MT); (MZ)
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