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Zhu Z, Bhatia M. Inflammation and Organ Injury the Role of Substance P and Its Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076140. [PMID: 37047113 PMCID: PMC10094202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tightly controlled inflammation is an indispensable mechanism in the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis in living organisms. However, aberrant inflammation is detrimental and has been suggested as a key contributor to organ injury with different etiologies. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide with a robust effect on inflammation. The proinflammatory effects of SP are achieved by activating its functional receptors, namely the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) receptor and mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X member 2 (MRGPRX2) and its murine homolog MRGPRB2. Upon activation, the receptors further signal to several cellular signaling pathways involved in the onset, development, and progression of inflammation. Therefore, excessive SP-NK1R or SP-MRGPRX2/B2 signals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated organ injury. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of SP and its receptors and the emerging roles of the SP-NK1R system and the SP-MRGPRX2/B2 system in inflammation and injury in multiple organs resulting from different pathologies. We also briefly discuss the prospect of developing a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory organ injury by disrupting the proinflammatory actions of SP via pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Ebrahimi S, Alalikhan A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Hashemy SI. The redox modulatory effects of SP/NK1R system: Implications for oxidative stress-associated disorders. Life Sci 2022; 296:120448. [PMID: 35247438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress which refers to redox imbalance with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the pathophysiology of diverse disease conditions. Recently, a close, yet not fully understood, relation between oxidative stress and neuropeptides, in particular, substance P (SP), has been reported in certain conditions. SP has been shown to affect the cellular redox environment through activation of neurokinin-1receptor (NK1R). It seems that SP/NK1R system and oxidative stress can act either synergistically or antagonistically in a context-dependent manner, thereby, influencing the pathology of various clinical disorders either destructively or protectively. Importantly, the interactions between oxidative stress and SP/NK1R system can be pharmacologically targeted. Therefore, a better understanding of the redox modulatory properties of SP/NK1R signaling will pave the way for identifying new therapeutic possibilities for attenuating oxidative stress-mediated damage. Towards this end, we performed a comprehensive search through PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases and discussed all related existing literature regarding the interplay between oxidative stress and SP/NK1R system as well as their implication in various clinical disorders, to provide a clear view and hence better management of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Alalikhan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kumar A, Bhatia M. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide, Substance P and Adhesion Molecules in Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212136. [PMID: 34830018 PMCID: PMC8622943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to inflammatory disease. Acute pancreatitis is one of the main reasons for hospitalization amongst gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It has been demonstrated that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter and substance P, a neuropeptide, are involved in the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are key players in inflammatory disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily, selectins, and integrins are involved at different steps of leukocyte migration from blood to the site of injury. When the endothelial cells get activated, the CAMs are upregulated which leads to them interacting with leukocytes. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles H2S, substance P and adhesion molecules play in acute pancreatitis.
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Manandhar S, Sinha P, Ejiwale G, Bhatia M. Hydrogen Sulfide and its Interaction with Other Players in Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:129-159. [PMID: 34302691 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a vital role in human physiology and in the pathophysiology of several diseases. In addition, a substantial role of H2S in inflammation has emerged. This chapter will discuss the involvement of H2S in various inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adhesion molecules, and leukocyte recruitment in H2S-mediated inflammation will be discussed. The interrelationship of H2S with other gasotransmitters in inflammation will also be examined. There is mixed literature on the contribution of H2S to inflammation due to studies reporting both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions. These apparent discrepancies in the literature could be resolved with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Manandhar
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Grace Ejiwale
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Elenbaas JS, Cunha JB, Azuero-Dajud R, Nelson B, Oral EA, Williams JA, Stewart CL, Omary MB. Lamin A/C Maintains Exocrine Pancreas Homeostasis by Regulating Stability of RB and Activity of E2F. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1625-1629.e8. [PMID: 29366840 PMCID: PMC5927841 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lamins have important roles in nuclear structure and cell signaling. Several diseases are associated with mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA in humans). Patients with familial partial lipodystrophy caused by LMNA mutations develop pancreatitis, but lamin function in the pancreas and how these mutations affect pancreatic regulation are unknown. We generated mice with inducible exocrine pancreas-specific disruption of Lmna and showed that LMNA is lost from most exocrine pancreas cells. LMNA-knockout pancreata develop endoplasmic reticulum stress with loss of acinar cell markers, increased autophagy, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, compared to CreERT2- mice (littermate controls). Disruption of Lmna led to a phenotype that resembled chronic pancreatitis, with increased Sirius Red staining and α-smooth muscle actin in male LMNA-knockout mice compared to littermate males, but not in female mice. LMNA-knockout pancreata have reduced levels of RB and activation of E2F, based on increased expression of E2F target genes. Therefore, lamins maintain pancreatic homeostasis by regulating RB stability and E2F activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S. Elenbaas
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juliana Bragazzi Cunha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rodrigo Azuero-Dajud
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bradley Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elif A. Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Brehm Center for Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John A. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,To whom correspondence should be addressed: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 7744 Medical Science Bldg.II, 1137 East Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622.
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Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas frequently associated with metabolic causes, contributing factors, or consequences, including hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and disorders of intermediary metabolism, respectively. To date, there is no specific therapy for this disease. Future optimal therapy should correct both inflammatory and metabolic components of the disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are lipid-sensing nuclear receptors that control inflammatory and metabolic pathways via ligand-dependent and ligand-independent mechanisms. There are 3 known subtypes, PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, which are differentially expressed in various tissues. The PPARs interact closely with other transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB and signal tranducers and activators of transcription that have pivotal roles in the pathobiology of AP. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the role of PPARs in AP, highlighting important in vitro and in vivo experimental findings. Finally, we propose future research directions as well as potential translational use of PPAR agonists in the treatment of AP.
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Ahmed HH, Metwally FM, Khalil WKB, Aglan HA. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells: A unique cytotherapy for rescuing degenerated dopaminergic neurons. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salem AM, Ahmed HH, Atta HM, Ghazy MA, Aglan HA. Potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in management of Alzheimer's disease in female rats. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1367-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Salem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Hanaa H. Ahmed
- Hormones Department; National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
| | - Hazem M. Atta
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University, Kasralainy; Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ghazy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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Ang AD, Rivers-Auty J, Hegde A, Ishii I, Bhatia M. The effect of CSE gene deletion in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in the mouse. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G712-21. [PMID: 24008358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00044.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to be involved in the signaling of the inflammatory response; however, there are differing views as to whether it is pro- or anti-inflammatory. In this study, we sought to determine whether endogenously synthesized H2S via cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) plays a pro- or anti-inflammatory role in caerulein-induced pancreatitis. To investigate this, we used mice genetically deficient in CSE to elucidate the function of CSE in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. We compared the inflammatory response and tissue damage of wild-type (WT) and CSE knockout (KO) mice following 10 hourly administrations of 50 μg/kg caerulein or saline control. From this, we found that the CSE KO mice showed significantly less local pancreatic damage as well as acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury compared with the WT mice. There were also lower levels of pancreatic eicosanoid and cytokines, as well as reduced acinar cell NF-κB activation in the CSE KO mice compared with WT mice. Additionally, in WT mice, there was a greater level of pancreatic CSE expression and sulfide-synthesizing activity in caerulein-induced pancreatitis compared with the saline control. When comparing the two saline-treated control groups, we noted that the CSE KO mice showed significantly less pancreatic H2S-synthesizing activity relative to the WT mice. These results indicate that endogenous H2S generated by CSE plays a key proinflammatory role via NF-κB activation in caerulein-induced pancreatitis, and its genetic deletion affords significant protection against acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel D Ang
- Dept. of Pathology, Univ. of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Ave., PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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Luan ZG, Zhang XJ, Yin XH, Ma XC, Zhang H, Zhang C, Guo RX. Downregulation of HMGB1 protects against the development of acute lung injury after severe acute pancreatitis. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1261-70. [PMID: 23706497 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of downregulation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) associated with acute lung injury (ALI), and its subsequent effect on disease severity. METHODS Wistar rats were given an IV injection of pRNA-U6.1/Neo-HMGB1, pRNA-U6.1/Neo-vector or saline before induction of SAP. Then, SAP was induced in rats by the retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The control group received only a sham operation. Lung and pancreas samples were harvested after induction of SAP. The protein levels of HMGB1, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in lung tissue were investigated. The severity of pancreatic injury was determined by a histological score of pancreatic injury, serum amylase, and pancreatic water content. The lung injury was evaluated by measurement of pulmonary microvascular permeability, lung myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels. RESULTS The results found that in pRNA-U6.1/Neo-HMGB1 treated rats, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were decreased and the severity of pancreatic tissue injury was less compared with either untreated SAP or pRNA-U6.1/Neo-vector treated rats (P<0.05). The administration of pRNA-U6.1/Neo-HMGB1 in SAP-induced rats downregulated the DNA binding activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the expressions of MMP-9 and ICAM-1 in lung. Thus, compared with the untreated SAP rats, the inflammatory response and the severity of ALI decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HMGB1 could augment Inflammation by inducing nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thus aggratating the severity of SAP associated with ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Gang Luan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Bhatia M. Role of hydrogen sulfide in the pathology of inflammation. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:159680. [PMID: 24278674 PMCID: PMC3820548 DOI: 10.6064/2012/159680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a well-known toxic gas that is synthesized in the human body from the amino acids cystathionine, homocysteine, and cysteine by the action of at least two distinct enzymes: cystathionine-γ-lyase and cystathionine-β-synthase. In the past few years, H2S has emerged as a novel and increasingly important biological mediator. Imbalances in H2S have also been shown to be associated with various disease conditions. However, defining the precise pathophysiology of H2S is proving to be a complex challenge. Recent research in our laboratory has shown H2S as a novel mediator of inflammation and work in several groups worldwide is currently focused on determining the role of H2S in inflammation. H2S has been implicated in different inflammatory conditions, such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, joint inflammation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Active research on the role of H2S in inflammation will unravel the pathophysiology of its actions in inflammatory conditions and may help develop novel therapeutic approaches for several, as yet incurable, disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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The role of the tumor endothelium in leukocyte recruitment in pancreatic cancer. Surgery 2012; 152:S89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Camargol EA, Zanonil CI, Toyamal MH, Muscaral MN, Dochertyl RJ, Costal SK. Abdominal hyperalgesia in secretory phospholipase A2-induced rat pancreatitis: Distinct roles of NK1receptors. Eur J Pain 2012; 15:900-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koh YH, Moochhala S, Bhatia M. The role of neutral endopeptidase in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5429-39. [PMID: 22013111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is well known to promote inflammation in acute pancreatitis (AP) by interacting with neurokinin-1 receptor. However, mechanisms that terminate SP-mediated responses are unclear. Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is a cell-surface enzyme that degrades SP in the extracellular fluid. In this study, we examined the expression and the role of NEP in caerulein-induced AP. Male BALB/c mice (20-25 g) subjected to 3-10 hourly injections of caerulein (50 μg/kg) exhibited reduced NEP activity and protein expression in the pancreas and lungs. Additionally, caerulein (10(-7) M) also downregulated NEP activity and mRNA expression in isolated pancreatic acinar cells. The role of NEP in AP was examined in two opposite ways: inhibition of NEP (phosphoramidon [5 mg/kg] or thiorphan [10 mg/kg]) followed by 6 hourly caerulein injections) or supplementation with exogenous NEP (10 hourly caerulein injections, treatment of recombinant mouse NEP [1 mg/kg] during second caerulein injection). Inhibition of NEP raised SP levels and exacerbated inflammatory conditions in mice. Meanwhile, the severity of AP, determined by histological examination, tissue water content, myeloperoxidase activity, and plasma amylase activity, was markedly better in mice that received exogenous NEP treatment. Our results suggest that NEP is anti-inflammatory in caerulein-induced AP. Acute inhibition of NEP contributes to increased SP levels in caerulein-induced AP, which leads to augmented inflammatory responses in the pancreas and associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hua Koh
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Chen P, Huang L, Sun Y, Yuan Y. Upregulation of PIAS1 protects against sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis associated with acute lung injury. Cytokine 2011; 54:305-14. [PMID: 21419645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The regulator of cytokine signaling known as protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (PIAS1) is increasingly understood to have diverse regulatory functions for inflammation, but its effect in inflammatory conditions such as severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) has not previously been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of upregulation of PIAS1 on SAP associated with acute lung injury (ALI), and its subsequent effect on disease severity. Sprague-Dawley rats were given an IV injection of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)/F35-PIAS1, Ad5/F35-vector or saline before induction of SAP. The control group received only a sham operation. Lung and pancreas samples were harvested 16h after induction. The protein levels of PIAS1 in tissue were investigated. The severity of pancreatic injury was determined by a histological score of pancreatic injury, serum amylase, and pancreatic water content. The lung injury was evaluated by measurement of pulmonary microvascular permeability, lung myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels. The survival rates of rats were also analyzed. The results found that in Ad5/F35-PIAS1 treated rats, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels were decreased but showed no influence on the levels of IL-10, and the severity of pancreatic tissue injury was less compared with either untreated SAP or Ad5/F35-vector treated rats (P<0.01). The administration of Ad5/F35-PIAS1 in SAP-induced rats downregulated the activity of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) pathway and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 protein in lung. Thus, compared with the untreated SAP rats, the inflammatory response and the severity of ALI decreased, and the survival rates increased (P<0.01). These findings suggest that PIAS1 could augment anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting STAT1, thus attenuating the severity of SAP associated with ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) plays an important role in cardiovascular, central nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. Being the third gaseous mediator, H(2)S has been shown to act as a vasodilator. In recent times, more and more attention has been paid to the biological functions of H(2)S in inflammation. Substance P is an 11 amino acid neuropeptide that is released from nerve endings in many tissues. Subsequent to its release, substance P binds to neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors on the surface of effector cells and, in addition to being a mediator of pain, it plays an important role in many inflammatory states including asthma, immune-complex-mediated lung injury, experimental arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Substance P has been shown to increase microvascular permeability and promote plasma extravasation. Using animal models of inflammation of different etiologies such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, and burns, studies in our laboratory have recently shown an important role of the pro-inflammatory action of H(2)S and substance P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhatia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Singapore.
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Sidhapuriwala JN, Ng SW, Bhatia M. Effects of hydrogen sulfide on inflammation in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2009; 6:35. [PMID: 20040116 PMCID: PMC2804662 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a gaseous mediator plays an important role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. H(2)S has been extensively studied for its various roles in cardiovascular and neurological disorders. However, the role of H(2)S in inflammation is still controversial. The current study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H(2)S donor in in vivo model of acute pancreatitis in mice. METHODS Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by hourly caerulein injections (50 mug/kg) for 10 hours. Mice were treated with different dosages of NaHS (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg) or with vehicle, distilled water (DW). NaHS or DW was administered 1 h before induction of pancreatitis. Mice were sacrificed 1 h after the last caerulein injection. Blood, pancreas and lung tissues were collected and were processed to measure the plasma amylase, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in pancreas and lung and chemokines and adhesion molecules in pancreas and lung. RESULTS It was revealed that significant reduction of inflammation, both in pancreas and lung was associated with NaHS 10 mg/kg. Further the anti-inflammatory effects of NaHS 10 mg/kg were associated with reduction of pancreatic and pulmonary inflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules. NaHS 5 mg/kg did not cause significant improvement on inflammation in pancreas and associated lung injury and NaHS 15 mg/kg did not further enhance the beneficial effects seen with NaHS 10 mg/kg. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these data provide evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of H(2)S based on its dosage used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenab N Sidhapuriwala
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, CRC MD11, National University of Singapore 117597, Singapore, Singapore
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He M, Moochhala SM, Adhikari S, Bhatia M. Administration of exogenous fractalkine, a CX3C chemokine, is capable of modulating inflammatory response in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. Shock 2009; 31:33-9. [PMID: 18497708 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31817789da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FTK) is a unique member of the CX3C chemokine family by acting through the CX3CR1 receptor. Membrane-bound FTK acts like an adhesion molecule, whereas soluble FTK (sFTK) acts as a classic chemokine ligand. Whether this chemokine plays a role in sepsis is still not clear. Using a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, we found that FTK levels were elevated in plasma 24 h after CLP. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results showed that FTK messenger RNA levels were upregulated, whereas CX3CR1 messenger RNA levels were downregulated in lungs after CLP procedure. To study the role of FTK in lung injury during sepsis, we injected exogenous sFTK into the mice before the CLP procedure. We found that plasma FTK levels were further elevated by sFTK. Mice that were injected with FTK had a lower myeloperoxidase activity in lungs compared with the CLP group. Furthermore, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels in lungs were reduced after the injection of FTK. Treatment with sFTK also attenuated lung morphological changes in histological sections. To find out whether sFTK had an effect on leukocyte rolling and adherence, intravital microscope was used. Results showed that sFTK significantly attenuated leukocyte adhesion but had little effect on leukocyte rolling in mesenteric microcirculation. Taken together, our findings suggest that FTK may be a novel chemokine that modulates neutrophil infiltration and chemokine and cytokine production during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Biology Research Group, National University of Singapore
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Uhlmann D, Lauer H, Serr F, Witzigmann H. Pathophysiological role of platelets and platelet system in acute pancreatitis. Microvasc Res 2008; 76:114-23. [PMID: 18586042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most successful approach for restoring normal long-term glucose homeostasis in type I diabetes mellitus is whole-organ pancreas transplantation. Graft pancreatitis is observed in up to 20% of patients and may lead to loss of the transplanted organ. Several pathophysiological events have been implicated in this form of pancreatitis. The most important cause of early graft pancreatitis is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-related disturbance of microvascular perfusion with subsequent hypoxic tissue damage. Recently, considerable evidence accumulated that, among a variety of other pathophysiological events, the activation of platelets can contribute to I/R injury in the course of acute pancreatitis experimentally and clinically. This review summarizes the events affecting platelet function and, therefore, pancreatic microcirculation leading to acute pancreatitis. Therapeutic approaches and own results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Uhlmann
- 2nd Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Rifai Y, Elder ASF, Carati CJ, Hussey DJ, Li X, Woods CM, Schloithe AC, Thomas AC, Mathison RD, Davison JS, Toouli J, Saccone GTP. The tripeptide analog feG ameliorates severity of acute pancreatitis in a caerulein mouse model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G1094-9. [PMID: 18308855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00534.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality; however, there is no specific treatment for this disease. A novel salivary tripeptide analog, feG, reduces inflammation in several different animal models of inflammation. The aims of this study were to determine whether feG reduced the severity of AP and modifies the expression of pancreatic ICAM-1 mRNA during AP in a mouse model. AP was induced in mice by hourly (x12) intraperitoneal injections of caerulein. A single dose of feG (100 microg/kg) was coadministered with caerulein either at time 0 h (prophylactic) or 3 h after AP induction (therapeutic). Plasma amylase and pancreatic MPO activities and pancreatic ICAM-1 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR) were measured. Pancreatic sections were histologically assessed for abnormal acinar cells and interstitial space. AP induction produced a sevenfold increase in plasma amylase, a tenfold increase in pancreatic MPO activity, and a threefold increase in interstitial space, and 90% of the acinar cells were abnormal. Prophylactic treatment with feG reduced the AP-induced plasma amylase activity by 45%, pancreatic MPO by 80%, the proportion of abnormal acinar cells by 30%, and interstitial space by 40%. Therapeutic treatment with feG significantly reduced the AP-induced abnormal acinar cells by 10% and the interstitial space by 20%. Pancreatic ICAM-1 mRNA expression was upregulated in AP and was reduced by 50% with prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with feG. We conclude that feG ameliorates experimental AP acting at least in part by modulating ICAM-1 expression in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusnita Rifai
- Dept. of Surgery, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Reed KL, Heydrick SJ, Aarons CB, Prushik S, Gower AC, Stucchi AF, Becker JM. A neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist that reduces intra-abdominal adhesion formation decreases oxidative stress in the peritoneum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G544-51. [PMID: 17627972 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00226.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in intra-abdominal adhesion formation. Substance P, a neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) ligand, facilitates leukocyte recruitment and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We have shown in a rat model of adhesion formation that intraperitoneal administration of a NK-1R antagonist at the time of abdominal operation reduces postoperative adhesion formation. Thus we determined the effects of NK-1R antagonist administration on peritoneal leukocyte recruitment and oxidative stress within 24 h of surgery. Adhesions were induced in Wistar rats randomly assigned to receive the antagonist or vehicle intraperitoneally. Peritoneal tissue was isolated at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after surgery for analysis of the oxidative stress biomarkers 8-isoprostane (8-IP), protein carbonyl, NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNAs. Total antioxidant capacity of peritoneal fluid was also determined. MPO, NADPH oxidase, 8-IP, and protein carbonyl were elevated (P < 0.05) by 6 h. ICAM-1 mRNA was elevated (P < 0.05) by 2 h, whereas VCAM-1 levels decreased (P < 0.05) at 24 h. The NK-1R antagonist delayed the MPO rise and reduced (P < 0.05) 8-IP levels by 6 h and ICAM-1 mRNA, VCAM-1 mRNA, and protein carbonyl at 2 h. The antagonist also increased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant capacity of peritoneal fluid at all time points. These data further support a role for oxidative stress in adhesion formation and suggest that the NK-1R antagonist may limit adhesions, in part, by reducing postoperative oxidative stress through an inhibition of neutrophil recruitment and an increase in peritoneal fluid antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Reed
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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