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Duan H, Tao N, Lv L, Yan KX, You YG, Mao Z, Wang CY, Li X, Jin JY, Wu CT, Wang H. Hepatocyte growth factor enhances the ability of dental pulp stem cells to ameliorate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:575-590. [PMID: 38817328 PMCID: PMC11135256 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease of blood vessels, is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are capable of exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by secreting cytokines and exosomes and are widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammation-related diseases. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a key role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. AIM To modify DPSCs with HGF (DPSC-HGF) and evaluate the therapeutic effect of DPSC-HGF on AS using an apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mouse model and an in vitro cellular model. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk and injected with DPSC-HGF or Ad-Null modified DPSCs (DPSC-Null) through tail vein at weeks 4, 7, and 11, respectively, and the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms were analyzed by histopathology, flow cytometry, lipid and glucose measurements, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the different time points of the experiment. An in vitro inflammatory cell model was established by using RAW264.7 cells and human aortic endothelial cells (HAOECs), and indirect co-cultured with supernatant of DPSC-Null (DPSC-Null-CM) or DPSC-HGF-CM, and the effect and mechanisms were analyzed by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and western blot. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activators and inhibitors were also used to validate the related signaling pathways. RESULTS DPSC-Null and DPSC-HGF treatments decreased the area of atherosclerotic plaques and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, and the percentage of macrophages in the aorta, and DPSC-HGF treatment had more pronounced effects. DPSCs treatment had no effect on serum lipoprotein levels. The FACS results showed that DPSCs treatment reduced the percentages of monocytes, neutrophils, and M1 macrophages in the peripheral blood and spleen. DPSC-Null-CM and DPSC-HGF-CM reduced adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor-α stimulated HAOECs and regulated M1 polarization and inflammatory factor expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggested that DPSC-HGF could more effectively ameliorate AS in ApoE-/- mice on a HFD, and could be of greater value in stem cell-based treatments for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning Tao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Kai-Xin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yong-Gang You
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhuang Mao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chang-Yao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jia-Yan Jin
- Third Cadet Regiment, School of Basic Medical Science, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Jansen I, Cahalane R, Hengst R, Akyildiz A, Farrell E, Gijsen F, Aikawa E, van der Heiden K, Wissing T. The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:193-213. [PMID: 38329498 PMCID: PMC11008085 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque cap overlying a lipid pool and/or necrotic core can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. In essence, the rupture of the plaque cap is a mechanical event, which occurs when the local stress exceeds the local tissue strength. However, due to inter- and intra-cap heterogeneity, the resulting ultimate cap strength varies, causing proper assessment of the plaque at risk of rupture to be lacking. Important players involved in tissue strength include the load-bearing collagenous matrix, macrophages, as major promoters of extracellular matrix degradation, and microcalcifications, deposits that can exacerbate local stress, increasing tissue propensity for rupture. This review summarizes the role of these components individually in tissue mechanics, along with the interplay between them. We argue that to be able to improve risk assessment, a better understanding of the effect of these individual components, as well as their reciprocal relationships on cap mechanics, is required. Finally, we discuss potential future steps, including a holistic multidisciplinary approach, multifactorial 3D in vitro model systems, and advancements in imaging techniques. The obtained knowledge will ultimately serve as input to help diagnose, prevent, and treat atherosclerotic cap rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cahalane
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group (MMDRG), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranmadusha Hengst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Akyildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Gijsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Conedera FM, Kokona D, Zinkernagel MS, Stein JV, Lin CP, Alt C, Enzmann V. Macrophages coordinate immune response to laser-induced injury via extracellular traps. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:68. [PMID: 38500151 PMCID: PMC10949579 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal degeneration results from disruptions in retinal homeostasis due to injury, disease, or aging and triggers peripheral leukocyte infiltration. Effective immune responses rely on coordinated actions of resident microglia and recruited macrophages, critical for tissue remodeling and repair. However, these phagocytes also contribute to chronic inflammation in degenerated retinas, yet the precise coordination of immune response to retinal damage remains elusive. Recent investigations have demonstrated that phagocytic cells can produce extracellular traps (ETs), which are a source of self-antigens that alter the immune response, which can potentially lead to tissue injury. METHODS Innovations in experimental systems facilitate real-time exploration of immune cell interactions and dynamic responses. We integrated in vivo imaging with ultrastructural analysis, transcriptomics, pharmacological treatments, and knockout mice to elucidate the role of phagocytes and their modulation of the local inflammatory response through extracellular traps (ETs). Deciphering these mechanisms is essential for developing novel and enhanced immunotherapeutic approaches that can redirect a specific maladaptive immune response towards favorable wound healing in the retina. RESULTS Our findings underscore the pivotal role of innate immune cells, especially macrophages/monocytes, in regulating retinal repair and inflammation. The absence of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration aids parenchymal integrity restoration, while their depletion, particularly macrophages/monocytes, impedes vascular recovery. We demonstrate that macrophages/monocytes, when recruited in the retina, release chromatin and granular proteins, forming ETs. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of ETosis support retinal and vascular repair, surpassing the effects of blocking innate immune cell recruitment. Simultaneously, the absence of ETosis reshapes the inflammatory response, causing neutrophils, helper, and cytotoxic T-cells to be restricted primarily in the superficial capillary plexus instead of reaching the damaged photoreceptor layer. CONCLUSIONS Our data offer novel insights into innate immunity's role in responding to retinal damage and potentially help developing innovative immunotherapeutic approaches that can shift the immune response from maladaptive to beneficial for retinal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica M Conedera
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital and Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Despina Kokona
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital and Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin S Zinkernagel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital and Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Alt
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital and Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Kumar AAW, Huangfu G, Figtree GA, Dwivedi G. Atherosclerosis as the Damocles' sword of human evolution: insights from nonhuman ape-like primates, ancient human remains, and isolated modern human populations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H821-H831. [PMID: 38305751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00744.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the predominant risk factors are advanced age and high-circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, the findings of atherosclerosis in relatively young mummified remains and a lack of atherosclerosis in chimpanzees despite high LDL-C call into question the role of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The inflammatory theory of atherosclerosis may explain the discrepancies between traditional risk factors and observed phenomena in current literature. Following the divergence from chimpanzees several millennia ago, loss of function mutations in immune regulatory genes and changes in gene expression have resulted in an overactive human immune system. The ubiquity of atherosclerosis in the modern era may reflect a selective pressure that enhanced the innate immune response at the cost of atherogenesis and other chronic disease states. Evidence provided from the fields of genetics, evolutionary biology, and paleoanthropology demonstrates a sort of circular dependency between inflammation, immune system functioning, and evolution at both a species and cellular level. More recently, the role of proinflammatory stimuli, somatic mutations, and the gene-environment effect appear to be underappreciated elements in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Neurobiological stress, metabolic syndrome, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors may instead function as intermediary links between inflammation and atherosclerosis. Therefore, considering evolution as a mechanistic process and atherosclerosis as part of the inertia of evolution, greater insight into future preventative and therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis can be gained by examining the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annora Ai-Wei Kumar
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin Huangfu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Li J, Zhang H, Du Q, Gu J, Wu J, Liu Q, Li Z, Zhang T, Xu J, Xie R. Research Progress on TRPA1 in Diseases. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:301-316. [PMID: 37039840 PMCID: PMC10667463 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the physiological activity of TRP ion channels and the response to various stimuli have been the focus of attention, and the physiological functions mediated by ion channels have subtle links with the occurrence of various diseases. Our group has been engaged in the study of ion channels. In recent years, the report rate of TRPA1, the only member of the TRPA subfamily in the newly described TRP channel, has been very high. TRPA1 channels are not only abundantly expressed in peptidergic nociceptors but are also found in many nonneuronal cell types and tissues, and through the regulation of Ca2+ influx, various neuropeptides and signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of nerves, respiration, circulation, and various diseases and inflammation throughout the body. In this review, we mainly summarize the effects of TRPA1 on various systems in the body, which not only allows us to have a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of TRPA1 but also facilitates more in-depth research on it in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Junyu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jiangbo Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Li D, Gao S. The interplay between T lymphocytes and macrophages in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04822-z. [PMID: 37540399 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most important causes of death in the world, causing a huge health and economic burden to the world. It is still a ticklish problem how to effectively prevent reperfusion injury while recovering the blood flow of ischemic myocardium. During the process of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), the modulation of immune cells plays an important role. Monocyte/macrophage, neutrophils and endothelial cells initiate the inflammatory response and induce the release of various inflammatory cytokines, resulting in increased vascular permeability, tissue edema and damage. Meanwhile, T cells were recruited to impaired myocardium and release pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. T cells and macrophages play important roles in keeping cardiac homeostasis and orchestrate tissue repair. T cells differentiation and macrophages polarization precisely regulates the tissue microenvironment in MI/RI, and shows cross action, but the mechanism is unclear. To identify potential intervention targets and propose ideas for treatment and prevention of MI/RI, this review explores the crosstalk between T lymphocytes and macrophages in MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Han J, Dong L, Wu M, Ma F. Dynamic polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and their interaction with intratumoral T cells in an inflamed tumor microenvironment: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160340. [PMID: 37251409 PMCID: PMC10219223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has brought a paradigm shift in the treatment of tumors in recent decades. However, a significant proportion of patients remain unresponsive, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play crucial roles in shaping the TME by exhibiting dual identities as both mediators and responders of inflammation. TAMs closely interact with intratumoral T cells, regulating their infiltration, activation, expansion, effector function, and exhaustion through multiple secretory and surface factors. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous and plastic nature of TAMs renders the targeting of any of these factors alone inadequate and poses significant challenges for mechanistic studies and clinical translation of corresponding therapies. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms by which TAMs dynamically polarize to influence intratumoral T cells, with a focus on their interaction with other TME cells and metabolic competition. For each mechanism, we also discuss relevant therapeutic opportunities, including non-specific and targeted approaches in combination with checkpoint inhibitors and cellular therapies. Our ultimate goal is to develop macrophage-centered therapies that can fine-tune tumor inflammation and empower immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Han
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Luochu Dong
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Center for National Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yin Y, Tan M, Han L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Pan W, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. The hippo kinases MST1/2 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: A promising therapeutic target option for pharmacotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1956-1975. [PMID: 37250161 PMCID: PMC10213817 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders are major components of noncommunicable diseases, causing an enormous health and economic burden worldwide. There are common risk factors and developmental mechanisms among them, indicating the far-reaching significance in exploring the corresponding therapeutic targets. MST1/2 kinases are well-established proapoptotic effectors that also bidirectionally regulate autophagic activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MST1/2 influence the outcome of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases by regulating immune inflammation. In addition, drug development against them is in full swing. In this review, we mainly describe the roles and mechanisms of MST1/2 in apoptosis and autophagy in cardiovascular and metabolic events as well as emphasis on the existing evidence for their involvement in immune inflammation. Moreover, we summarize the latest progress of pharmacotherapy targeting MST1/2 and propose a new mode of drug combination therapy, which may be beneficial to seek more effective strategies to prevent and treat CVDs and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lianhua Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wanqian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Wiśniewska A, Czepiel K, Stachowicz A, Pomierny B, Kuś K, Kiepura A, Stachyra K, Surmiak M, Madej J, Olszanecki R, Suski M. The antiatherosclerotic action of 1G244 - An inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 - is mediated by the induction of macrophage death. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175566. [PMID: 36739078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting cell death to induce favorable functional and morphological changes within atherosclerotic plaques has long been postulated as a promising anti-atherosclerotic strategy. In this regard, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 has received special attention in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases due to its regulatory role in macrophage death in vivo. METHODS The present study investigates the influence of prolonged treatment with 1G244 - an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 - on the development of the advanced atherosclerosis plaque in apoE-knockout mice, using morphometric and molecular methods. RESULTS 1G244 administration has led to a reduction in atherosclerotic plaque size in an apoE-knockout mice model. Moreover, it reduced the content of in-plaque macrophages, attributed by immunohistochemical phenotyping to the pro-inflammatory M1-like activation state of these cells. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidases 8/9 augmented the lytic form of death response of activated macrophages in-vitro. CONCLUSIONS In summary, inhibition of DPP 8/9 elicited an anti-atherosclerotic effect in apoE-/- mice, which can be attributed to the lytic form of death induction in activated macrophages, as assessed by the in vitro BMDM model. This, in turn, results in a reduction of the plaque area without its transformation towards a rupture-prone morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Czepiel
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pomierny
- Department of Toxicological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kiepura
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawinska str., 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Józef Madej
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka str., 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
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Roy PK, Islam J, Lalhlenmawia H. Prospects of potential adipokines as therapeutic agents in obesity-linked atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:24. [PMID: 37014444 PMCID: PMC10073393 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In normal circumstances, AT secretes anti-inflammatory adipokines (AAKs) which regulates lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, vascular hemostasis, and angiogenesis. However, during obesity AT dysfunction occurs and leads to microvascular imbalance and secretes several pro-inflammatory adipokines (PAKs), thereby favoring atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Literature suggests decreased levels of circulating AAKs and increased levels of PAKs in obesity-linked disorders. Importantly, AAKs have been reported to play a vital role in obesity-linked metabolic disorders mainly insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart diseases. Interestingly, AAKs counteract the microvascular imbalance in AT and exert cardioprotection via several signaling pathways such as PI3-AKT/PKB pathway. Although literature reviews have presented a number of investigations detailing specific pathways involved in obesity-linked disorders, literature concerning AT dysfunction and AAKs remains sketchy. In view of the above, in the present contribution an effort has been made to provide an insight on the AT dysfunction and role of AAKs in modulating the obesity and obesity-linked atherogenesis and insulin resistance. MAIN BODY "Obesity-linked insulin resistance", "obesity-linked cardiometabolic disease", "anti-inflammatory adipokines", "pro-inflammatory adipokines", "adipose tissue dysfunction" and "obesity-linked microvascular dysfunction" are the keywords used for searching article. Google scholar, Google, Pubmed and Scopus were used as search engines for the articles. CONCLUSIONS This review offers an overview on the pathophysiology of obesity, management of obesity-linked disorders, and areas in need of attention such as novel therapeutic adipokines and their possible future perspectives as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Probin Kr Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences (RIPANS), Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India.
| | - Johirul Islam
- Coromandel International Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500101, India
| | - Hauzel Lalhlenmawia
- Department of Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences (RIPANS), Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
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11
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Dong M, Yu T, Tse G, Lin Z, Lin C, Zhang N, Wang R, Liu T, Zhong L. PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Accelerates the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Cancer Patients. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101527. [PMID: 36455793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PD-1(programed death-1)/PD-L1(programed death-1 ligand) blockade represents a major breakthrough of anti-cancer therapies, however, it may come with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity, such as myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, etc. Although the PD-1/PD-L1-blockade-related acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is rare, it can be fatal. Previous studies have implicated a role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the development of atherosclerosis. This review explores a hypothesis that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis and promotes plaque rupture, by synthesizing the evidence of vascular inflammation, as well as plaque progression, destabilization and rupture via T-cell activation and effector function. In order to improve the prognosis of cancer patients and decrease the cardiotoxicity of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, early recognition of PD-1/PD-L1-blockade-related ACS is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China; Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Zerun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rujian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China.
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12
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Bartlett B, Lee S, Ludewick HP, Siew T, Verma S, Waterer G, Corrales-Medina VF, Dwivedi G. A multiple comorbidities mouse lung infection model in ApoE‑deficient mice. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:21. [PMID: 36846615 PMCID: PMC9944256 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pneumonia is characterised by a period of intense inflammation. Inflammation is now considered to be a key step in atherosclerosis progression. In addition, pre-existing atherosclerotic inflammation is considered to play a role in pneumonia progression and risk. In the present study, a multiple comorbidities murine model was used to study respiratory and systemic inflammation that results from pneumonia in the setting of atherosclerosis. Firstly, a minimal infectious dose of Streptococcus pneumoniae (TIGR4 strain) to produce clinical pneumonia with a low mortality rate (20%) was established. C57Bl/6 ApoE -/- mice were fed a high-fat diet prior to administering intranasally 105 colony forming units of TIGR4 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). At days 2, 7 and 28 post inoculation (PI), the lungs of mice were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Mice were euthanised and investigated for changes in lung morphology and changes in systemic inflammation using ELISA, Luminex assay and real-time PCR. TIGR4-inoculated mice presented with varying degrees of lung infiltrate, pleural effusion and consolidation on MRI at all time points up to 28 days PI. Moreover, PET scans identified significantly higher FDG uptake in the lungs of TIGR4-inoculated mice up to 28 days PI. The majority (90%) TIGR4-inoculated mice developed pneumococcal-specific IgG antibody response at 28 days PI. Consistent with these observations, TIGR4-inoculated mice displayed significantly increased inflammatory gene expression [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] in the lungs and significantly increased levels of circulating inflammatory protein (CCL3) at 7 and 28 days PI respectively. The mouse model developed by the authors presents a discovery tool to understand the link between inflammation related to acute infection such as pneumonia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bartlett
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Herbert P Ludewick
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Heart and Lung Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Teck Siew
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Shipra Verma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Grant Waterer
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Vicente F Corrales-Medina
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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13
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Lee S, Affandi J, Waters S, Price P. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Perspectives. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:13-24. [PMID: 36622943 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are often asymptomatic in healthy adults but can be severe in people with a compromised immune system. While several studies have demonstrated associations between cardiovascular disease in older adults and HCMV seropositivity, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We review evidence published within the last 5 years establishing how HCMV can contribute directly and indirectly to the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. We also discuss associations between HCMV infection and cardiovascular outcomes in populations with a high or very high burden of HCMV, including patients with renal or autoimmune disease, transplant recipients, and people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacquita Affandi
- Curtin School of Population Health; Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shelley Waters
- Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- Curtin Medical School and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI); Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Huang J, Tao H, Yancey PG, Leuthner Z, May-Zhang LS, Jung JY, Zhang Y, Ding L, Amarnath V, Liu D, Collins S, Davies SS, Linton MF. Scavenging dicarbonyls with 5'-O-pentyl-pyridoxamine increases HDL net cholesterol efflux capacity and attenuates atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Mol Metab 2022; 67:101651. [PMID: 36481344 PMCID: PMC9792904 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and atherosclerosis. Peroxidation of lipids produces reactive dicarbonyls such as Isolevuglandins (IsoLG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) that covalently bind plasma/cellular proteins, phospholipids, and DNA leading to altered function and toxicity. We examined whether scavenging reactive dicarbonyls with 5'-O-pentyl-pyridoxamine (PPM) protects against the development of IR and atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. METHODS Male or female Ldlr-/- mice were fed a western diet (WD) for 16 weeks and treated with PPM versus vehicle alone. Plaque extent, dicarbonyl-lysyl adducts, efferocytosis, apoptosis, macrophage inflammation, and necrotic area were measured. Plasma MDA-LDL adducts and the in vivo and in vitro effects of PPM on the ability of HDL to reduce macrophage cholesterol were measured. Blood Ly6Chi monocytes and ex vivo 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation into bone marrow CD11b+ monocytes and CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) were also examined. IR was examined by measuring fasting glucose/insulin levels and tolerance to insulin/glucose challenge. RESULTS PPM reduced the proximal aortic atherosclerosis by 48% and by 46% in female and male Ldlr-/- mice, respectively. PPM also decreased IR and hepatic fat and inflammation in male Ldlr-/- mice. Importantly, PPM decreased plasma MDA-LDL adducts and prevented the accumulation of plaque MDA- and IsoLG-lysyl adducts in Ldlr-/- mice. In addition, PPM increased the net cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL from Ldlr-/- mice and prevented both the in vitro impairment of HDL net cholesterol efflux capacity and apoAI crosslinking by MPO generated hypochlorous acid. Moreover, PPM decreased features of plaque instability including decreased proinflammatory M1-like macrophages, IL-1β expression, myeloperoxidase, apoptosis, and necrotic core. In contrast, PPM increased M2-like macrophages, Tregs, fibrous cap thickness, and efferocytosis. Furthermore, PPM reduced inflammatory monocytosis as evidenced by decreased blood Ly6Chi monocytes and proliferation of bone marrow monocytes and HSPC from Ldlr-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS PPM has pleotropic atheroprotective effects in a murine model of familial hypercholesterolemia, supporting the therapeutic potential of reactive dicarbonyl scavenging in the treatment of IR and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Huan Tao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Patricia G. Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zoe Leuthner
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Linda S. May-Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Youmin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Dianxin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sheila Collins
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, United States.
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15
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Exploration of the Crucial Genes and Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Atherosclerosis and Abnormal Endothelial Shear Stress. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6306845. [PMID: 35990248 PMCID: PMC9391161 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6306845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormal endothelial shear stress (ESS) is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS); however, the genes and pathways between ESS and AS are poorly understood. Here, we screened hub genes and potential regulatory targets linked to the progression of AS induced by abnormal ESS. Methods The microarray data of ESS and AS were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The coexpression modules related to shear stress and AS were identified with weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Coexpression genes in modules obtained from GSE28829 and GSE160611 were considered as SET1. The results were validated in validation set by differential gene analysis. The limma package in R was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The common DEGs of GSE100927 and GSE103672 were regarded as SET2. Next, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis was assembled, and hub genes were identified using MCODE and ClueGO in Cytoscape. ROC curve analyses were conducted to assess the ability of common hub genes to distinguish samples of atherosclerotic plaque from normal arterial. The expression of common hub gene was verified in ox-LDL-induced foam cells and GSE41571. Results We identified three gene modules (the blue, tan, and cyan modules) related to AS and three shear stress-related modules (the brown, red, and pink modules). A total of 129 genes in SET1 and 476 genes in SET2 were identified. CCRL2, LGALS9, and PLCB2 were identified as common hub genes and validated in the GSE100927, GSE28829, and GSE41571. ROC analysis indicates the expression of CCRL2, LGALS9, and PLCB2 could effectively distinguish the atherosclerotic plaque and normal arterial. The expression level of CCRL2, LGALS9, and PLCB2 increases with the accumulation of lipid increased. Conclusion We identified CCRL2, LGALS9, and PLCB2 as key genes associated with abnormal ESS and AS and may provide potential prevention and treatment target of AS induced by abnormal ESS.
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16
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Cardiovascular changes after pneumonia in a dual disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11124. [PMID: 35778475 PMCID: PMC9249762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual inflammation in cardiovascular organs is thought to be one of the catalysts for the increased risk of cardiovascular complications seen following pneumonia. To test this hypothesis, we investigated changes in plaque characteristics and inflammatory features in ApoE−/− mouse aorta and heart following pneumonia. Male ApoE−/− mice were fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks before intranasal inoculation with either Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 (test group) or phosphate buffered saline (control group). Mice were sacrificed at 2-, 7- and 28-days post-challenge. Changes in plaque burden and characteristics in aortic root and thoracic aorta were characterized by Oil red O and Trichrome stains. Inflammatory changes were investigated by FDG-PET imaging and immunofluorescence staining. We found TIGR4-infected mice present with increased plaque presence in the aortic root and thoracic aorta at 2- and 28-days post-inoculation, respectively. Aortic wall remodelling was also more pronounced in mice challenged with pneumococci at 28 days post-inoculation. Aortic root plaques of infected mice had reduced collagen and smooth muscle cells, consistent with an unstable plaque phenotype. Pneumonia alters plaque burden, plaque characteristics, and aortic wall remodelling in ApoE−/− mice. These effects caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4, may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular complications seen in survivors of this infection.
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Monocyte subsets, T cell activation profiles, and stroke in men and women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Health Study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 351:18-25. [PMID: 35605368 PMCID: PMC9548392 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite mechanistic data implicating unresolving inflammation in stroke pathogenesis, data regarding circulating immune cell phenotypes - key determinants of inflammation propagation versus resolution - and incident stroke are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively define associations of circulating immune phenotypes and activation profiles with incident stroke. METHODS We investigated circulating leukocyte phenotypes and activation profiles with incident adjudicated stroke in 2104 diverse adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) followed over a median of 16.6 years. Cryopreserved cells from the MESA baseline examination were thawed and myeloid and lymphoid lineage cell subsets were measured using polychromatic flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine activation staining. We analyzed multivariable-adjusted associations of cell phenotypes, as a proportion of parent cell subsets, with incident stroke (overall) and ischemic stroke using Cox regression models. RESULTS We observed associations of intermediate monocytes, early-activated CD4+ T cells, and both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing interleukin-4 after cytokine stimulation (Th2 and Tc2, respectively) with higher risk for incident stroke; effect sizes ranged from 35% to 62% relative increases in risk for stroke. Meanwhile, differentiated and memory T cell phenotypes were associated with lower risk for incident stroke. In sex-stratified analyses, positive and negative associations were especially strong among men but null among women. CONCLUSIONS Circulating IL-4 producing T cells and intermediate monocytes were significantly associated with incident stroke over nearly two decades of follow-up. These associations were stronger among men and not among women. Further translational studies are warranted to define more precise targets for prognosis and intervention.
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18
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Kong D, Yu Y. Prostaglandin D2 signaling and cardiovascular homeostasis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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20
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Stachyra K, Wiśniewska A, Kiepura A, Kuś K, Rolski F, Czepiel K, Chmura Ł, Majka G, Surmiak M, Polaczek J, van Eldik R, Suski M, Olszanecki R. Inhaled silica nanoparticles exacerbate atherosclerosis through skewing macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113112. [PMID: 34953274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exposure to environmental nanoparticles is related to the adverse impact on health, including cardiovascular system. Various forms of nanoparticles have been reported to interact with endothelium and induce inflammation. However, the potential role of nanoparticles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and their mechanisms of action are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two broadly used nanomaterials, which also occur in natural environment - silicon oxide (SiO2) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) - on the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS We used apolipoprotein E-knockout mice exposed to silica and ferric oxide nanoparticles in a whole body inhalation chamber. RESULTS Inhaled silica nanoparticles augmented the atherosclerotic lesions and increased the percentage of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in both the plaque and the peritoneum in apoE-/- mice. Exposure to ferric oxide nanoparticles did not enhance atherogenesis process, however, it caused significant changes in the atherosclerotic plaque composition (elevated content of CD68-positive macrophages and enlarged necrotic core accompanied by the decreased level of M1 macrophages). Both silica and ferric oxide NPs altered the phenotype of T lymphocytes in the spleen by promoting polarization towards Th17 cells. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to silica and ferric oxide nanoparticles exerts impact on atherosclerosis development and plaque composition. Pro-atherogenic abilities of silica nanoparticles are associated with activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Stachyra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kiepura
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Filip Rolski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Street, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Czepiel
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chmura
- Chair of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Majka
- Chair of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawinska Street, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Polaczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Farahi L, Sinha SK, Lusis AJ. Roles of Macrophages in Atherogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785220. [PMID: 34899348 PMCID: PMC8660976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that may ultimately lead to local proteolysis, plaque rupture, and thrombotic vascular disease, resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. Circulating monocytes are recruited to the arterial wall in response to inflammatory insults and differentiate into macrophages which make a critical contribution to tissue damage, wound healing, and also regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Within plaques, macrophages take up aggregated lipoproteins which have entered the vessel wall to give rise to cholesterol-engorged foam cells. Also, the macrophage phenotype is influenced by various stimuli which affect their polarization, efferocytosis, proliferation, and apoptosis. The heterogeneity of macrophages in lesions has recently been addressed by single-cell sequencing techniques. This article reviews recent advances regarding the roles of macrophages in different stages of disease pathogenesis from initiation to advanced atherosclerosis. Macrophage-based therapies for atherosclerosis management are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Farahi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Taneja A, Ravi V, Hong JY, Lin H, Sundaresan NR. Emerging roles of Sirtuin 2 in cardiovascular diseases. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21841. [PMID: 34582046 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100490r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of NAD+ -dependent deacetylases implicated in a wide variety of age-associated pathologies, including cardiovascular disorders. Among the seven mammalian sirtuins, SIRT2 modulates various cellular processes through the deacetylation or deacylation of their target proteins. Notably, the levels of SIRT2 in the heart decline with age and other pathological conditions, leading to cardiovascular dysfunction. In the present review, we discuss the emerging roles of SIRT2 in cardiovascular dysfunction and heart failure associated with factors like age, hypertension, oxidative stress, and diabetes. We also discuss the potential of using inhibitors to study the unexplored role of SIRT2 in the heart. While SIRT2 undoubtedly plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system, its functions are only beginning to be understood, making it an attractive candidate for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Taneja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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23
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Imaging Inflammation in Patients and Animals: Focus on PET Imaging the Vulnerable Plaque. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102573. [PMID: 34685553 PMCID: PMC8533866 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) describes a range of conditions associated with the rupture of high-risk or vulnerable plaque. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is associated with many changes in its microenvironment which could potentially cause rapid plaque progression. Present-day PET imaging presents a plethora of radiopharmaceuticals designed to image different characteristics throughout plaque progression. Improved knowledge of atherosclerotic disease pathways has facilitated a growing number of pathophysiological targets for more innovative radiotracer design aimed at identifying at-risk vulnerable plaque and earlier intervention opportunity. This paper reviews the efficacy of PET imaging radiotracers 18F-FDG, 18F-NaF, 68Ga-DOTATATE, 64Cu-DOTATATE and 68Ga-pentixafor in plaque characterisation and risk assessment, as well as the translational potential of novel radiotracers in animal studies. Finally, we discuss our murine PET imaging experience and the challenges encountered.
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24
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Muhammad K, Ayoub MA, Iratni R. Vascular Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: Is Immune System Protective or Bystander? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2141-2150. [PMID: 33461451 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210118121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chronic atherosclerosis induced vascular inflammation and perturbation of lipid metabolism is believed to be a major cause of CVD. Interplay of innate and adaptive Immune system has been interwined with various risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in CVD. A large body of evidence indicates a correlation between immunity and atherosclerosis. Retention of plasma lipoproteins in arterial subendothelial wall triggers the T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and monocyte-derived macrophages to form atherosclerotic plaques. In the present review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of CVD in relation to atherosclerosis with a particular focus on pro-atherogenic role of immune cells. Recent findings have also suggested anti-atherogenic roles of different B cell subsets. Therapeutic approaches to target atherosclerosis risk factors have reduced the mortality, but a need exists for the novel therapies to treat arterial vascular inflammation. These insights into the immune pathogenesis of atherosclerosis can lead to new targeted therapeutics to abate cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed A Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Lin JY, Yeh TH. Rutaecarpine administration inhibits cancer cell growth in allogenic TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer mice correlating with immune balance in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111648. [PMID: 33945915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rutaecarpine (Rut) is a plant alkaloid abundant in Euodia ruticarpa which is a Chinese herbal medicine used for treating various cancers. However, the Rut administration effect on prostate cancer in vivo remains unclear. AIM In the present study we established an allogenic TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer mouse model to evaluate the Rut administration effect and mechanism in vivo. METHODS To unravel the Rut administration effect on prostate cancer in vivo, C57BL/6J male mice (8 weeks old) were randomly grouped (n = 9), subcutaneously loaded with TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer cells and immediately given daily by gavage with Rut dissolved in soybean oil at 7 mg (low dose), 35 mg (medium dose), and 70 mg/kg b.w./day (high dose) for successive 39 days. RESULTS Rut administration significantly and dose-dependently reduced both tumor volume and solid prostate cancer weight in allogenic TRAMP-C1 male mice. Rut administration markedly increased (TNF-α+IFN-γ) (Th1-)/IL-10 (Th2-) cytokine secretion ratios by splenocytes and TNF-α (M1-)/IL-10 (M2-) cytokine secretion ratios by macrophages as compared to those of dietary control group, suggesting that Rut administration in vivo regulates the immune balance toward Th1- and M1-polarized characteristics. Decreased CD19+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of allogenic TRAMP-C1 mice were significantly elevated by Rut administration. Tumor weights positively correlated with TNF-α secretions by splenocytes, suggesting that there is a tumor cachexia in the tumor-bearing mice. Tumor weights negatively correlated with IgG (Th1-antibody) levels in the sera, suggesting that Th1-polarized immune balance may inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results evidenced that Rut administration suppresses prostate cancer cell growth in mice subcutaneously loaded with TRAMP-C1 cells and correlated the anti-cancer effects with Th1-polarized immune balance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuarn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-He Yeh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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26
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Henderson JM, Weber C, Santovito D. Beyond Self-Recycling: Cell-Specific Role of Autophagy in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030625. [PMID: 33799835 PMCID: PMC7998923 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall and underlies the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. As such, atherosclerosis stands as the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and intensive scientific efforts are made to investigate its complex pathophysiology, which involves the deregulation of crucial intracellular pathways and intricate interactions between diverse cell types. A growing body of evidence, including in vitro and in vivo studies involving cell-specific deletion of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), has unveiled the mechanistic relevance of cell-specific (endothelial, smooth-muscle, and myeloid cells) defective autophagy in the processes of atherogenesis. In this review, we underscore the recent insights on autophagy's cell-type-dependent role in atherosclerosis development and progression, featuring the relevance of canonical catabolic functions and emerging noncanonical mechanisms, and highlighting the potential therapeutic implications for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Henderson
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS of Milan, National Research Council, I-09042 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (D.S.)
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27
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Ghamar Talepoor A, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. Partial recovery of senescence in circulating follicular helper T cells after Dasatinib treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107465. [PMID: 33631598 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible arrest of cell proliferation triggered by different stimuli, including DNA damage, telomere shortening and oncogenic stress. Senescent cells, by releasing the senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype (SASP), contribute to various diseases pathogenesis. Human atherosclerotic plaque contains cells with multiple markers of senescence that associate with disease severity. We characterized the frequency of senescent cTfh cells and genes expressions before and after treatment with Dasatinib in patients with different degrees of stenosis. Twelve high (≥50%), and twelve low (<50%) stenosis patients and six healthy controls were enrolled. The percentage of senescent CD3+CD4+CXCR5+CD153+CD57+ cells was significantly decreased in Dasatinib treated cells from individuals with low and high stenosis (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.0002, respectively). However, the frequency of total lymphocytes, CD3+ and CD4+ T cells were not significantly different between the groups before and after treatment. The expression levels of P53 (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.0001), P16 (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0002), p21 (P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0001), SENEX (P = 0.0005 and P < 0.0001) and BCL-2 (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0002) were decreased in PBMCs of low and high stenosis groups after treatment with Dasatinib, respectively. The percentage of senescent cTfh cells positively correlated with cholesterol (P = 0.034; r = 0.671), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.029; r = 0.707), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels (P = 0.030; r = 0.598) and neutrophil counts (P = 0.021; r = 0.799) in patients with high stenosis. The decreased frequency of senescent cTfh cells and the expression levels of senescence genes after Dasatinib treatment in patients with atherosclerosis suggest a role for Dasatinib in partial clearance or rejuvenation of senescent cTfh cells, which may decrease inflammatory mediators and attenuate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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28
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Adaptive Immune Responses in Human Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239322. [PMID: 33297441 PMCID: PMC7731312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the deposition and accumulation of low-density lipoproteins in the artery wall. In this review, we will discuss the role of T- and B-cells in human plaques at different stages of atherosclerosis and the utility of profiling circulating immune cells to monitor atherosclerosis progression. Evidence supports a proatherogenic role for intraplaque T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, CD4+CD28null T-cells, and natural killer T-cells, whereas Th2 cells and regulatory T-cells (Treg) have an atheroprotective role. Several studies indicate that intraplaque T-cells are activated upon recognition of endogenous antigens including heat shock protein 60 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, but antigens derived from pathogens can also trigger T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Future studies are needed to assess whether circulating cellular biomarkers can improve identification of vulnerable lesions so that effective intervention can be implemented before clinical manifestations are apparent.
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29
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Yu J, Zhu R, Yu K, Wang Y, Ding Y, Zhong Y, Zeng Q. Galectin-9: A Suppressor of Atherosclerosis? Front Immunol 2020; 11:604265. [PMID: 33250901 PMCID: PMC7672040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is no longer controversial that atherosclerosis is a vascular wall chronic inflammatory disease mediated by cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) seems to be a crucial regulator of T-cell immunity by inducing apoptosis in specific T-cell subpopulations associated with autoimmunity and inflammatory disease. Accumulating evidence showed that galectin-9 signaling via T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM-3) is concerned with different regulatory functions in autoimmunity, including direct depletion of pro-inflammatory T-cells, expanding the number of regulatory T cells, altering macrophages to an anti-inflammatory state and the induction of repressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In addition, anti-Tim-3-Ab administration increased atherosclerotic plaque formation by blocking Tim-3–galectin-9 interaction. Hence, we hypothesize that galectin-9 may be a novel therapy for atherosclerotic disease. Further researches are needed to investigate the precise effect of galectin-9 in the process of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuwu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Ghamar Talepoor A, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. Functional subsets of circulating follicular helper T cells in patients with atherosclerosis. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14637. [PMID: 33230950 PMCID: PMC7683878 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequencies of circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) functional subsets vary in autoimmune diseases. We evaluated the frequencies and clinical relevance of functional subsets of cTfhs in patients with different degrees of stenosis. Blood samples were collected from high (≥50%) (n = 12) and low (<50%) stenosis (n = 12) groups and healthy controls (n = 6). Three subsets of cTfh cells including cTfh1 (CXCR3+ CCR6- ), cTfh2 (CXCR3- CCX6- ), and cTfh17 (CXCR3- CCR6+ ) were detected by flow cytometry. The frequency of cTfh1 cells was higher in control (p = .0006) and low-stenosis groups (p = .005) compared to high-stenosis group. The percentages of cTfh2 and cTfh17 cells were increased in high-stenosis compared to low-stenosis (p = .002 and p = .007) and control groups (p = .0004 and p = .0005), respectively. The frequency of cTfh1 cells negatively correlated with cholesterol (p = .040; r = -.44), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = .015; r = -.68), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p = .002; r = -.79), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = .028; r = -.67), and cTfh17 (p = .017; r = -.7244) in the high-stenosis group. The percentages of cTfh2 and cTfh17 cells positively correlated with cholesterol (p = .025; r = .77 and p = .033; r = .71), CRP (p = .030; r = .61 and p = .020; r = .73), ESR (p = .027; r = .69 and p = .029; r = .70), NLR (p = .004; r = .76 and p = .005; r = .74), and with each other (p = .022; r = .7382), respectively, in the high-stenosis group. The increased frequencies of cTfh2 and cTfh17 subsets and their correlation with laboratory parameters in patients with atherosclerosis may suggest their role in promoting the inflammatory response and atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of CardiologySchool of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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31
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Minelli S, Minelli P, Montinari MR. Reflections on Atherosclerosis: Lesson from the Past and Future Research Directions. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:621-633. [PMID: 32801729 PMCID: PMC7398886 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s254016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are nowadays the main cause of death in industrialized countries, but atherosclerotic disease was found in humans who lived thousands of years ago, before the spread of current risk factors. Atherosclerotic lesions were identified on a 5300-year-old mummy, as well as in Egyptian mummies and other ancient civilizations. For many decades of the twentieth century, atherosclerosis was considered a degenerative disease, mainly determined by a passive lipid storage, while the most recent theory of atherogenesis is based on endothelial dysfunction. The importance of inflammation and immunity in atherosclerosis’s pathophysiology was realized around the turn of the millennium, when in 1999 the famous pathologist Russell Ross published in the New England Journal of Medicine an article entitled “Atherosclerosis – an inflammatory disease”. In the following decades, inflammation has been a topic of intense basic research in atherosclerosis, albeit its importance has ancient scientific roots. In fact, in 1856 Rudolph Virchow was the first proponent of this hypothesis, but evidence of the key role of inflammation in atherogenesis occurred only in 2017. It seemed interesting to retrace the key steps of atherosclerosis in a historical context: from the teachings of the physicians of the Roman Empire to the response-to-injury hypothesis, up to the key role of inflammation and immunity at various stages of disease. Finally, we briefly discussed current knowledge and future trajectories of atherosclerosis research and its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Minelli
- Department of Cardiology, Local Health Unit Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pierluca Minelli
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery "A. Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Montinari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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32
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Ilatovskaya DV, Halade GV, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Adaptive immunity-driven inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1254-H1257. [PMID: 31702971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00642.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune response has recently emerged as an important factor in a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and heart failure; however, its role is not fully understood. Since an assortment of innate responsive cells, e.g., neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, coordinate with adaptive immunity, e.g., T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells, the temporal response and descriptions pertinent to the cellular phenotype and inflammation processes, in general, need additional investigation, clarification, and consensus particularly in cardiovascular disease. This Perspectives article reviews the contributions of 15 articles (including 7 reviews) published in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology in response to the Call for Papers: Adaptive Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease. Here, we summarize the crucial reported findings at the cardiac, vascular, immune, and molecular levels and discuss the translational feasibility and benefits of future prospective research into the adaptive immune response. Readers are encouraged to evaluate the data and learn from this collection of novel studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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