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Cheng W, Cui C, Liu G, Ye C, Shao F, Bagchi AK, Mehta JL, Wang X. NF-κB, A Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 37:571-584. [PMID: 35796905 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Atherosclerosis is the basis of major CVDs - myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and stroke. Among numerous functional molecules, the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) has been linked to downstream target genes involved in atherosclerosis. The activation of the NF-κB family and its downstream target genes in response to environmental and cellular stress, hypoxia, and ischemia initiate different pathological events such as innate and adaptive immunity, and cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, NF-κB is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of atherosclerosis and related CVDs. Several biologics and small molecules as well as peptide/proteins have been shown to regulate NF-κB dependent signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the function of NF-κB in CVDs and the role of NF-κB inhibitors in the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chenji Ye
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Fang Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ashim K Bagchi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Shanmugam G, Wang D, Gounder SS, Fernandes J, Litovsky SH, Whitehead K, Radhakrishnan RK, Franklin S, Hoidal JR, Kensler TW, Dell'Italia L, Darley-Usmar V, Abel ED, Jones DP, Ping P, Rajasekaran NS. Reductive Stress Causes Pathological Cardiac Remodeling and Diastolic Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1293-1312. [PMID: 32064894 PMCID: PMC7247052 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Redox homeostasis is tightly controlled and regulates key cellular signaling pathways. The cell's antioxidant response provides a natural defense against oxidative stress, but excessive antioxidant generation leads to reductive stress (RS). This study elucidated how chronic RS, caused by constitutive activation of nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (caNrf2)-dependent antioxidant system, drives pathological myocardial remodeling. Results: Upregulation of antioxidant transcripts and proteins in caNrf2-TG hearts (TGL and TGH; transgenic-low and -high) dose dependently increased glutathione (GSH) redox potential and resulted in RS, which over time caused pathological cardiac remodeling identified as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with abnormally increased ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction in TGH mice at 6 months of age. While the TGH mice exhibited 60% mortality at 18 months of age, the rate of survival in TGL was comparable with nontransgenic (NTG) littermates. Moreover, TGH mice had severe cardiac remodeling at ∼6 months of age, while TGL mice did not develop comparable phenotypes until 15 months, suggesting that even moderate RS may lead to irreversible damages of the heart over time. Pharmacologically blocking GSH biosynthesis using BSO (l-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine) at an early age (∼1.5 months) prevented RS and rescued the TGH mice from pathological cardiac remodeling. Here we demonstrate that chronic RS causes pathological cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction in mice due to sustained activation of antioxidant signaling. Innovation and Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that chronic RS is intolerable and adequate to induce heart failure (HF). Antioxidant-based therapeutic approaches for human HF should consider a thorough evaluation of redox state before the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobinath Shanmugam
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Physiology, NIH BD2K Center of Excellence for Biomedical Computing at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sellamuthu S Gounder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Silvio H Litovsky
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin Whitehead
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarah Franklin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John R Hoidal
- Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Louis Dell'Italia
- Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peipei Ping
- Department of Physiology, NIH BD2K Center of Excellence for Biomedical Computing at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, NHLBI Integrated Cardiovascular Data Science Training Program at UCLA, Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, and Scalable Analytics Institute (ScAi) at UCLA School of Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Inhibition of TNF-α–mediated NF-κB Activation by Ginsenoside Rg1 Contributes the Attenuation of Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Abdominal Aorta Coarctation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 68:257-264. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Li F, Li Y, Tang Y, Lin B, Kong X, Oladele OA, Yin Y. Protective effect of myokine IL-15 against H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7715-22. [PMID: 25103021 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress may cause cellular injury. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is one of the skeletal muscle secreted myokines, and there is no information that reported its anti-oxidative capability in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study therefore is to investigate the protective effects of myokine IL-15 against H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts. The results showed that IL-15 pre-incubation reduced the intracellular creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, decreased the ROS overload, and protect the mitochondrial network via up-regulated mRNA expression levels of IL-15 and uncoupling protein 3. It also down-regulated the levels of IL-6 and p21 of the myoblasts compared to the cells treated only with H2O2. Meanwhile, apurinic/aprimidinic endonuclease 1 expression and the Akt signaling pathway were stimulated. These effects could contribute to the resumption of cell viability and act as protective mechanism. In conclusion, myokine IL-15 could be a novel endogenous regulator to control intracellular ROS production and attenuate oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengna Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China,
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Abstract
In the past years aldose reductase (AKR1B1; AR) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of secondary diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cataractogenesis. Subsequently, a number of AR inhibitors have been developed and tested for diabetic complications. Although, these inhibitors have found to be safe for human use, they have not been successful at the clinical studies because of limited efficacy. Recently, the potential physiological role of AR has been reassessed from a different point of view. Diverse groups suggested that AR besides reducing glucose, also efficiently reduces oxidative stress-generated lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Since lipid aldehydes alter cellular signals by regulating the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kB and AP1, inhibition of AR could inhibit such events. Indeed, a wide array of recent experimental evidence indicates that the inhibition of AR prevents oxidative stress-induced activation of NF-kB and AP1 signals that lead to cell death or growth. Further, AR inhibitors have been shown to prevent inflammatory complications such as sepsis, asthma, colon cancer and uveitis in rodent animal models. The new experimental in-vitro and in-vivo data has provided a basis for investigating the clinical efficacy of AR inhibitors in preventing other inflammatory complications than diabetes. This review describes how the recent studies have identified novel plethoric physiological and pathophysiological significance of AR in mediating inflammatory complications, and how the discovery of such new insights for this old enzyme could have considerable importance in envisioning potential new therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
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6
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The role of nuclear factor kappa B and nitric oxide interaction in heart remodelling. J Hypertens 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S39-44. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000388493.81578.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Hingtgen SD, Li Z, Kutschke W, Tian X, Sharma RV, Davisson RL. Superoxide scavenging and Akt inhibition in myocardium ameliorate pressure overload-induced NF-κB activation and cardiac hypertrophy. Physiol Genomics 2010; 41:127-36. [PMID: 20103697 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00202.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from our laboratory and others have shown that increases in cytoplasmic superoxide (O(2)(·-)) levels and Akt activation play a key role in agonist-stimulated NF-κB activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that adenovirus (Ad)-mediated intramyocardial gene transfer of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (AdCu/ZnSOD) or a dominant-negative form of Akt (AdDNAkt) in mice would attenuate pressure overload-induced increases in activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB and cardiac hypertrophy. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to thoracic aortic banding (TAB) or sham surgery, and intramyocardial injections of viral vectors (AdCu/ZnSOD, AdDNAkt, or control) were performed. There was robust transgene expression in the heart, which peaked 6-7 days after injection and then declined to undetectable levels by 12-14 days. In mice injected with AdBgL II, TAB caused a significant increase in O(2)(·-) generation and cardiac mass at 1 wk, and these responses were markedly attenuated by AdCu/ZnSOD. In addition, TAB induced time-dependent activation of NF-κB in the myocardium as measured longitudinally by in vivo bioluminescent imaging of NF-κB-dependent luciferase expression. This was also abolished by intracardiac AdCu/ZnSOD or AdDNAkt, but not the control vector. The inhibition of Akt and O(2)(·-)-mediated NF-κB activation in TAB hearts was associated with an attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy. Since a direct cause-and-effect relationship between NF-κB activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has been established previously, our data support the hypothesis that increased O(2)(·-) generation and Akt activation are key signaling intermediates in pressure overload-induced activation of NF-κB and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D Hingtgen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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8
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Evans NP, Misyak SA, Robertson JL, Bassaganya-Riera J, Grange RW. Immune-mediated mechanisms potentially regulate the disease time-course of duchenne muscular dystrophy and provide targets for therapeutic intervention. PM R 2009; 1:755-68. [PMID: 19695529 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal muscle-wasting disease that affects boys. Mutations in the dystrophin gene result in the absence of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) from muscle plasma membranes. In healthy muscle fibers, the DGC forms a link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton to protect against contraction-induced membrane lesions and to regulate cell signaling. The absence of the DGC results in aberrant regulation of inflammatory signaling cascades. Inflammation is a key pathological characteristic of dystrophic muscle lesion formation. However, the role and regulation of this process in the disease time-course has not been sufficiently examined. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB has been shown to contribute to the disease process and is likely involved with increased inflammatory gene expression, including cytokines and chemokines, found in dystrophic muscle. These aberrant signaling processes may regulate the early time-course of inflammatory events that contribute to the onset of disease. This review critically evaluates the possibility that dystrophic muscle lesions in both patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and mdx mice are the result of immune-mediated mechanisms that are regulated by inflammatory signaling and also highlights new therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Evans
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0002, USA.
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9
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Tan WQ, Wang K, Lv DY, Li PF. Foxo3a inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through transactivating catalase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:29730-9. [PMID: 18772130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805514200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead transcription factor Foxo3a is able to inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, its underlying molecular mechanism remains to be fully understood. Our present study demonstrates that Foxo3a can regulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through transactivating catalase. Insulin was able to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with an elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant agents, including catalase and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, could inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by insulin, suggesting that ROS is necessary for insulin to induce hypertrophy. Strikingly, we observed that the levels of catalase were decreased in response to insulin treatment. The transcriptional activity of Foxo3a depends on its phosphorylation status with the nonphosphorylated but not phosphorylated form to be functional. Insulin treatment led to an increase in the phosphorylated levels of Foxo3a. To understand the relationship between Foxo3a and catalase in the hypertrophic pathway, we characterized that catalase was a transcriptional target of Foxo3a. Foxo3a bound to the promoter region of catalase and stimulated its activity. The inhibitory effect of Foxo3a on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy depended on its transcriptional regulation of catalase. Finally, we identified that myocardin was a downstream mediator of ROS in conveying the hypertrophic signal of insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1. Foxo3a could negatively regulate myocardin expression levels through up-regulating catalase and the consequent reduction of ROS levels. Taken together, our results reveal that Foxo3a can inhibit hypertrophy by transcriptionally targeting catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qi Tan
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, National Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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10
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Ji LL. Modulation of skeletal muscle antioxidant defense by exercise: Role of redox signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:142-52. [PMID: 18191750 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species has been shown to cause oxidative stress to skeletal muscle. As an adaptive response, muscle antioxidant defense systems are upregulated in response to exercise. Nuclear factor kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase are two major oxidative-stress-sensitive signal transduction pathways that have been shown to activate the gene expression of a number of enzymes and proteins that play important roles in maintenance of intracellular oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. This mini-review will discuss the main mechanisms and gene targets for these signaling pathways during exercise and the biological significance of the adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Ji
- The Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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11
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Ji LL. Antioxidant signaling in skeletal muscle: A brief review. Exp Gerontol 2007; 42:582-93. [PMID: 17467943 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a ubiquitous biological phenomenon in eukaryotic cell life. During the past two decades, much attention has been paid to the detrimental effects of ROS such as oxidative stress, pathogenesis and aging. However, there is now increasing evidence and recognition that ROS are not merely damaging agents inflicting random destruction to the cell structure and function, but useful signaling molecules to regulate growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, at least within the physiological concentration. In skeletal muscle contractile activity has been shown to upregulate antioxidant defense systems and ROS has been postulated to be essential in this adaptation. Available research data suggest that nuclear factor (NF)kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) play a critical role in the relay of oxidative stress signals to gene expression apparatus in the myocytes under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. This mini-review will discuss the main mechanisms and gene targets for these antioxidant signaling pathways during exercise, inflammation and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Ji
- The Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Crack PJ, Taylor JM, Ali U, Mansell A, Hertzog PJ. Potential Contribution of NF-κB in Neuronal Cell Death in the Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Knockout Mouse in Response to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Stroke 2006; 37:1533-8. [PMID: 16627788 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000221708.17159.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
We have previously identified an increased susceptibility of Gpx1
−/−
mice to increased infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). This study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in elevated neuronal cell death arising from an altered endogenous oxidant state.
Methods—
Gpx1
−/−
mice were exposed to transient MCAO and reperfusion by intraluminal suture blockade. Protein expression of the p65 subunit of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western Analysis. NF-κB DNA-protein activity was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Wild-type and Gpx1
−/−
mice were exposed to MCAO with or without the NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC).
Results—
Upregulation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and subsequent p65 phosphorylation at serine 536 was detected in the Gpx1
−/−
brains after stroke. EMSAs revealed that increased ischemia-enhanced DNA binding of NF-κB was observed in Gpx1
−/−
mice compared with wild-type. Supershift assays indicated that the p50 and p65 subunits participated in the bound NF-κB complex. The NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, a potential antioxidant, was able to afford partial neuroprotection in the Gpx1
−/−
mice.
Conclusions—
NF-κB is upregulated in the Gpx1
−/−
mouse, and this upregulation contributes to the increased cell death seen in the Gpx1
−/−
after MCAO. The activation of NF-κB may increase the expression of downstream target genes that are involved in the progression of neural injury after MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Crack
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Human Disease, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Li HL, Huang Y, Zhang CN, Liu G, Wei YS, Wang AB, Liu YQ, Hui RT, Wei C, Williams GM, Liu DP, Liang CC. Epigallocathechin-3 gallate inhibits cardiac hypertrophy through blocking reactive oxidative species-dependent and -independent signal pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:1756-75. [PMID: 16767845 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in cardiac hypertrophy. It was therefore thought to be of particular value to examine the effects of antioxidants on cardiac hypertrophy. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major bioactive polyphenol present in green tea and a potent antioxidant. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that EGCG inhibits cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on angiotensin II- (Ang II) and pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our results showed that EGCG attenuated Ang II- and pressure-overload-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. Both reactive oxygen species generation and NADPH oxidase expressions induced by Ang II and pressure overload were suppressed by EGCG. The increased hypertension by pressure overload was almost completely blocked after EGCG treatment. Further studies showed that EGCG inhibited Ang II-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. Inhibition of the activity of NF-kappaB was through blocking ROS-dependent p38 and JNK signaling pathways, whereas inhibition of AP-1 activation was via blocking EGFR transactivation and its downstream events ERKs/PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70(S6K). The combination of these actions resulted in repressing the reactivation of ANP and BNP, and ultimately preventing the progress of cardiac hypertrophy. These findings indicated that EGCG prevents the development of cardiac hypertrophy through ROS-dependent and -independent mechanisms involving inhibition of different intracellular signaling transductional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing, People's Republic of China
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